Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries / Department: Economics.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Agricultural development programs under the former apartheid homeland system which was dissolved in 1994 could not successfully achieve their objectives. The current democratic government reviewed the policies and programs put in place during apartheid era which eventually led to the implementation of the Revitalisation of Smallholder irrigation Schemes (RESIS) in line with the Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP) and Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) programs. It was anticipated that RESIS would among others improve agricultural productivity, play a role in local economic development, improve food security, provide improved benefits and the livelihoods of the rural communities where the schemes are situated. The aim of the study is to assess whether the RESIS program has had an impact so as to make recommendations for future similar programs. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of RESIS program on the livelihoods of the participants and to shed light on whether such programs can be used for poverty reduction, which is a key objective in the programs of LDA. Tšwelopele irrigation scheme in Greater Tubatse Municipality within Sekhukhune District Municipality was selected as the area at which the study was conducted. A random sample of 50 beneficiaries was selected from a total of 75 RESIS beneficiaries and divided into two strata, namely, full-time farmers (both male and female) and part-time farmers (male and female) farmers. Interviews were conducted through completion of questionnaires responded to by the selected participants and key informants in the scheme. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain the responses from the scheme participants and the data processed using SPSS. Based on the analysis of respondents‟ perceptions of the farmers, the study concludes that RESIS is perceived to have had a positive impact on the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. Gross margin analysis supports the farmers‟ perceptions.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

The goal of irrigation is to supply sufficient water for crop growth to all areas within a field. Therefore, the uniformity of application of irrigation water is of great importance. The objectives of this study were to quantify the performance of irrigation systems under field conditions using standard evaluation techniques and to investigate the use of spatial statistics to characterise the spatial variability of application. The main objective was to develop techniques to estimate gross irrigation water requirement that incorporates the uniformity of application. Different practitioners have given different definitions to the criteria used to evaluate the performance of an irrigation system. A literature review was conducted to determine the current definitions used and the factors that affect these performance criteria. The theory and application of spatial statistics was investigated in order to charaterise spatial distribution of irrigation water. The spatial distribution of irrigation water under centre pivots was determined using field measurements. A number of centre pivot, sprinkler, floppy, drip and micro-irrigation systems were evaluated using standard techniques. The results from the evaluation of spatial data show that this approach is useful to determine a map of the distribution of applied irrigation water. Due to the smoothing characteristic of the spatial statistical method employed, the maps have a uniformity that is greater than in reality. The results from the standard evaluation techniques show that quick and representative results for the performance of an irrigation system can be obtained. The distribution uniformity has an affect on the efficiency of a system and should therefore be included in the calculation of the gross irrigation water requirement. The methods for these calculations are discussed. Further research needs to be conducted to determine actual distribution uniformities and application efficiencies for irrigation systems under various field conditions. This will provide useful standards to include in the calculation of gross irrigation water requirements. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56).

Thesis (doctoral)--Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, 2002. / University publication. Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-282).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--United States International University, 1981. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-119).

CAPES / O setor da fruticultura está entre os principais geradores de renda, emprego e desenvolvimento rural do agronegócio nacional. O Brasil é um dos principais centros de diversidade genética de fruteiras silvestres no mundo, das quais várias apresentam potencial de domesticação e uso comercial, como a jabuticabeira, fruteira nativa adaptada às condições edafoclimática brasileiras, que pode ser utilizada pela indústria alimentícia, cosmética e farmacêutica. Dentre as barreiras, que talvez, não tornem ainda essa potencialidade em realidade destaca-se o longo período juvenil, a concentração da produção e, por ser planta de difícil manejo, pelo porte vigoroso que apresenta. Para a implantação de pomares são necessárias pesquisas para ropiciar estratégias de manejo, visando principalmente redução do vigor das plantas, o que permitiria o cultivo adensado e, a maior floração e frutificação, principalmente em épocas de entressafra. Para tal fim podem ser utilizados bioreguladores, que tem ação antagônica aos hormônios do crescimento e podem promover o florescimento, controlando vigor da planta. Os produtos que vêm sendo utilizados com sucesso em outras culturas são o carbureto de cálcio, o etefon e o paclobutrazol (PBZ). Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e reprodutivo da jabuticabeira “híbrida” (Plinia cauliflora) com aplicação de bioreguladores e irrigação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos com plantas acondicionadas em vasos plásticos, mantidas a céu aberto. Foi instalado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de parcelas subdivididas, para a maioria das variáveis, cujos níveis foram de 5 x n (tratamento x período de avaliação), sendo ‘n’ diferente de acordo com a variável analisada. A parcela foi constituída pelo tratamento indutor, no qual se testaram quatro técnicas indutoras de florescimento juntamente com a testemunha, cujas plantas não tiveram nenhuma forma de manejo aplicada. Foram utilizadas oito repetições, sendo as unidades experimentais constituídas de três plantas. Foram utilizados como tratamentos indutores, a aplicação de carbureto de cálcio, etefon, PBZ e o manejo diário da irrigação (aproximadamente 2 L planta-1 dia), além da testemunha. Os indutores químicos foram aplicados em duas etapas, sendo a primeira no final do mês de janeiro e a segunda no final do mês de março de 2014. As avaliações realizadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, porcentagem de crescimento da parte aérea e do diâmetro do caule, número total de brotações, comprimento das brotações, número de folhas, presença de distúrbios fisiológicos nas folhas, desprendimento da epiderme em ramos e/ou caule, estádio de desenvolvimento dos ramos, área foliar, comprimento e largura da folha, porcentagem de plantas com estruturas reprodutivas e número de estruturas reprodutivas por planta. Com os resultados obtidos, podese concluir que o manejo das plantas com irrigação diária não propiciou efeito para indução de florescimento, a aplicação de etefon induziu maior crescimento das brotações, o PBZ apresentou deformidades no crescimento das folhas que não afetaram a frutificação efetiva, sendo que ele ainda induziu maior produção e floração antecipada, a aplicação de etefon apresentou maior desprendimento da epiderme m jabuticabeiras “híbridas”, mas não teve o mesmo efeito de superioridade para o florescimento. Com isso, recomendou-se a utilização do PBZ para indução de florescimento em jabuticabeira “híbrida”. / The fruit production sector is one of the major generate income, employment and rural development of national agribusiness. Brazil is one of the main native fruits genetic diversity centers all over the world, which several present domestication potential to commercial use, like jabuticaba fruit tree, that it is specie adapted to several Brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions, which can be used by food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Among the ifficulties, that still it doesn’t become this potentiality in reality is the long juvenile period, the yield time concentration and the difficult culture, because of vigorous growing. In the implantation of commercial orchards is necessary research to provide culture strategies for reduction of plant vigor, to use in density crop, flowering and yield higher, especially in offseason. Then, it can to use regulators that have antagonism action against growth hormones and it can promote flowering and growth plant control. The products used with successfully in other crops were calcium carbide, ethephon and paclobutrazol (PBZ). Therefore, the aim of this work was evaluate the vegetative and reproductive behavior in the jabuticaba fruit tree (Plinia cauliflora) with regulator application and irrigation. The study was carried out at UTFPR - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State (Brazil), with plants in plastic ots cultivated in open sky conditions. The experiment was random block design with split-plot for almost all over the variables, that levels were of 5 x n (treatment x evaluation time), it being ‘n’ different according with variable evaluated. The plot was each treatment inductor. It was tested four technical flower inductor and the control. The plants control did not had management technique. It was used eight replications of three plants by experimental unit. It was used as inducer treatment, the calcium carbide, ethephon and PBZ applications, irrigation daily (approximately 2 L plant-1 day), and the control. The chemical inducers were applied two times (2014, January and March). The plant height, trunk diameter, shoot and trunk diameter growth percentage, shoots number, shoots length, leaves number, leaves physiological disturb, epidermal detachment on trunk or branches, shoots development stage, leaves area, length and width of leaves, percentage of plants with reproductive structure and its number per tree were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the plant management by daily irrigation did ot provided effect to flowering induction. The ethephon application induced greater growth of shoot, the PBZ showed leaf growth deformities that it did not affected the fruit set and still it induced better yield as well as early flowering. The ethephon treatment showed greater epidermal detachment in jaboticaba fruit tree, but did not have similar effect on the flowering. It possible recommended the use of PBZ to floral induction in jaboticaba fruit tree.