La finance islamique a enregistré une croissance à deux chiffres en termes de volume et d’expansion malgré un contexte marqué par la crise mondiale de 2008, d’où l’intérêt qu’elle suscite. Cette industrie a réalisé cette croissance sur un modèle de financement qui respecte des principes éthiques, ces derniers ont été à l’origine de sa résilience et de sa pérennité pendant la crise, ils ont constitué un socle étanche vis-à-vis des risques financiers conventionnels.Cependant, la finance islamique n’est pas une industrie sans risques. Tel est l’objet de la présente thèse à travers la présentation des risques inhérents à l’activité financière islamique notamment les risques communs que l’on retrouve également dans la finance conventionnelle et les risques spécifiques liés à la structure du bilan des institutions financières islamiques. Grâce à l'analyse des contrats de la finance islamique et des risques associés, cette thèse met en évidence les faiblesses de la finance islamique.Cette faiblesse est confirmée à travers les révélations apportées par cette thèse sur l’origine des résultats des banques islamiques en Malaisie. Un exemple concret prouve que les résultats positifs réalisés par les banques entre 2001 et 2011 seraient liés à la combinaison de deux facteurs à savoir la structure du bilan (majoritairement composé au niveau de l’actif de financement accordé à marges fixes et au niveau du passif de dettes à marges variables) et la tendance à la baisse des taux d’intérêt. Ainsi, dans un environnement de taux d'intérêt élevé, comme par exemple lors de la crise financière asiatique de 1997, ces banques devraient enregistrer une baisse de leurs résultats. / Islamic finance has been registering double-digit growth in volume and scope, even in the face of the 2008 worldwide crisis, attracting significant attention. This industry has achieved this growth on a model of finance that complies with ethical principles which constituted its strength during the crisis and which allow them to avoid conventional finance risks.However, the unique features of Islamic finance do not insulate it from risk. The discussions in this thesis will focus on the types of risks Islamic financial institutions face in common with conventional financial institutions and also the new and unique risks that Islamic financial institutions face as a result of their unique asset and liability structures. Through the analysis of Islamic finance contracts and inherent risks, this thesis highlights the weakness of Islamic finance.In this thesis, we also analyzed the gains made by Islamic banks in Malaysia from 2001 to 2011 and we demonstrated that this gain is due to the combination of two parameters inter alia the structure of balance sheet (which includes predominantly fixed rate financing in the asset side and variable rate resources in the liability side) and the low interest-rate environment. Indeed, in high interest-rate environment, like in the Asian financing crisis in 1997, these banks could record a drop in its results.

M.Ed. / This study grew out of a growing concern of Muslim parents that a dual system of education, namely a secular system and an Islamic one, inherently teaches Muslim learners that life is divided into the material world and the religious or spiritual world. On the contrary, the Shari'ah (Islamic law) teaches that there is no separation between secular and religious education. A Muslim's entire life is guided by a unified system of laws. Islamic education, then, seeks to help a Muslim learner succeed in this world and in the next. A significant vehicle for Islamic education is the relationship between educator and learner. This is an aspect that this study intended to clarify. Therefore, the research question is: What is an Islamic perspective on educator-learner relationships? In the attempt to answer this question, the study employed a qualitative research design. A qualitative design was considered suitable because the nature of the study was exploratory and descriptive. In other words, the researcher sought to explore the experiences and opinions of Islamic educators and learners concerning their relationships with one another. As the primary instrument for data collection, the researcher conducted focusgroup interviews with learners from the Johannesburg Muslim School and individual interviews with those educators who W!3re mentioned during the focus-group interviews. The researcher returned to the research site, namely the Johannesburg Muslim School, in order to verify the data and results. This served as a triangulation strategy. The empirical investigation was followed by a literature review, which provided a review of the existing educational literature on. educator-learner relationships. The literature review served to identify and describe significant issues influencing the topic being examined, namely, educator-learner relationships. The literature review in this study was conducted after the empirical investigation in order to avoid possible bias and pre-judgement.

The general aim of the dissertation is to contribute to an understanding of Islamic reform in West Africa. To this end fieldwork was conducted among the Songhay of eastern Mali, a people who experienced a sudden rise in the popularity of Islamic reform in the early 1970's which divided many communities along religious lines. The term 'Wahhabiyya', often used to describe a trend in religious reform in West Africa which is inspired largely by the Saudi Arabian model of puritan Islam, is accepted by most members of this Songhay movement. In the region of Gao, in which this locally-based Wahhabi movement emerged, the situation is one in which Islamic reform among the village population is more 'radical' and uncompromising than among town dwellers. The central concerns of the dissertation are to compare the social backgrounds and religious orientations of 'moderates' and 'radicals' and, in particular, to account for the strong appeal of Islamic reform among the villagers. In order to assess the impact of religious reform attention is paid throughout the dissertation to the social and religious life of the non-reformist population. In tracing the background of the topic it was necessary to explore the history of the Songhay with specific reference to the introduction of Islam and its place in the 'traditional' religious complex as well as changes in the family, the economy and the politicaltostructure which have occurred since the advent of French colonization. These issues are set within a general comparison of the reformist and traditionalist communities which includes consideration of the way Islam is observed, the place of leadership and organization, and the way Islamic education is implemented.

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Thesis will be dedicated to analysis of background, environment and opportunities for the application of Islamic finance. The thesis will compare the structures of both conventional and religious banking. I will explain the core Islamic principles, financial instruments available and will describe key regulatory institutions. Description will include practical implementation examples from customer-bank perspective. After defining framework, I will discuss the practical implementation of Islamic finance in different environments. Legal factors concerned with application will be discoursed. The opportunities for Islamic finance towards following the current trends in not only Muslim countries will be analyzed. Moreover, criticism against Islamic finance will be answered by comparison of performance of both conventional and Islamic banks during the financial crisis of 2008.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / This study will research one of the objectives of Maqāsid al- Sharī’ah (Objectives of the Islamic Law) namely Ḥifẓ al-Nasl better known as the protection of progeny as well as family planning. 1. Sharī’ah (Islamic Law) has provided the principles that govern any human activity and ensures protection of life, ease and pleasure. The Qur’ān and the Sunnah (Prophetic tradition) both emphasize flexibility and general principles and guidelines that may be applied to all areas of life. Thus, issues relating to marriage, protection of progeny, sexuality, and even contraception in Islām have also been accommodated in the Qur’ān and Sunnah. Moreover, contraception in relation to family planning have a long history in Islām and has significance within the broader Islamic ethos of marriage and sexuality. This study aims to sketch the historical development of Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah as well as its formulation and subsequent development.

MSc SECINTEL Independent Study (Dissertation) Jihadism in Italy: an analysis of the Islamic State-inspired radicalisation process of Anas El Abboubi and Maria Giulia Sergio July 2018 Glasgow Student Number: 2267042f Charles Student Number: 12549163 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of MSc International Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies (SECINTEL) Word Count: 22354 Supervisor University of Glasgow: Dr Katherine Allison Supervisor Charles University: Dr Emil Aslan Souleimanov MSc SECINTEL Independent Study (Dissertation) ABSTRACT The terrorist group known as IS (The Islamic State) has been remarkably successful in recruiting young European Muslims, including Italians, into joining its armed jihad. IS skilfully uses Islamist narratives to exploit the vulnerability of aggrieved individuals, which raises important questions regarding the role of Islam in the radicalisation process. This dissertation conducts an analytical inquiry into the journey to radicalism of two young Italian jihadists, Anas El Abboubi and Maria Giulia Sergio, in an attempt to present qualified supportive evidence for the claim that Islam is used as a justification factor rather than being the primary motivator in the adoption of radical beliefs. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the...

International human rights laws are grossly violated by the hudud ordinances, with their extremely cruel punishments, including stoning for adultery, beheading for apostasy, and amputation for theft. Pakistan, Sudan, Brunei Darussalam and Saudi Arabia, for example, follow the doctrines of the four main Sunni schools of jurisprudence and enforce hudud ordinances, thereby violating some of the core international human rights law instruments to which they are State Parties. Orthodox Muslims generally defend the hudud ordinances, claiming that they are divine and immutable. This study refutes the aforementioned claim and demonstrates that it is legitimate and possible to reform hudud punishments to reconcile them with international human rights law. The thesis differentiates between Shariah and Islamic law. It argues that Shariah refers to the divine rulings recorded in the Qur'an and correct Sunnah, while Islamic law is not fully divine, for it includes also such prescriptions that have been developed by the human effort of Islamic jurists. The thesis demonstrates that reformation is an Islamic concept that requires that Muslims read the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah in the context of their own time and environment. It is postulated, therefore, that the rulings of Islamic law need to be examined in the light of the Qur'an, the correct Sunnah and the Islamic core values promoted in them. These include several internationally protected human rights, such as the right to life, equality, and freedom of religion. The thesis points out that the main purpose of Shariah is to serve the benefit of the people and to protect them from harm. To this end, Shariah has provided the Islamic principles of reality and necessity. These require that the reality of life and the needs of the people be considered at all times. If necessary for the sake of the people, the principles allow for exceptions to be made to even definite provisions. It, further, demonstrates how these principles can be applied to reform the hudud ordinances to reconcile them with international human rights law.

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Leadership in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in turbulent times has been undertheorised. A qualitative case study based on document analysis of 70 documents, 39 interviews and 2 focus groups was the vehicle for examining the role of the leadership at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). IUG has operated under complex conditions of occupation and ongoing turbulence from its inception in 1978 to the present. This study examines the period 1978-2012. In this time the university grew from 25 men studying Sharia in a tent to 20,000 students (63.7% female) studying across 11 faculties and 112 different specialisations. The study documents and labels four phases of development of the university. The patterns of leadership uncovered in the study include transformational, transactional, heroic, post-heroic and on some specific occasions authoritarian styles, with transformational being the most important. The way in which the leadership resolved short term crises, as well as their long-term and big-picture focus, shaped the development of the university. Resilience theory was applied alongside leadership theory to analyse the responses of IUG leadership. Resilience was taken beyond surviving to capitalising on disruption. Twenty three markers of resilience were found which worked independently and interactively to support resilient responses to the challenges IUG faced. These factors were initially developed from the literature, and new factors were added based on this research. The relationship between leadership styles and the promotion of resilience was examined. The thesis describes a mutual shaping and supporting role between university and society in Gaza, and discusses some of the paradoxes of help and harm coming from players and belief systems external to the university. The paradox of faith which can provide a cohesive, binding set of beliefs to support staff and students, as well as being the source of conflict and harm, is also discussed. A definition of a university as an educational community functioning beyond place, buildings, external recognition, or physical destruction was developed. / GR2019

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