In its approach to the Palestinian-Jordanians’ issue, this dissertation employs a security-based theory and technique, which deal with the issue as a securitization case-study. It employs a modified version of the securitization theory offered by the Copenhagen School to evaluate the classical Jordanian national security strategy toward Palestinian-Jordanians. It addresses, reviews, weighs and evaluates the four strategies and tools of the Jordanian securitization model toward Palestinian-Jordanians: exclusionism, tribalism, cooptation and ideologization, which present the independent variables of this study. This evaluation process is based on a multi-standard strategy, which discusses the goals, the evidence, the outputs and the structure of the Jordanian securitization model since Black September 1970. In terms of methodology, the dissertation adopted a multi-method strategy, which used field research, participant observation and elite interviewing as primary methods for data acquisition. In its security-based re-reading of the modern Jordanian history and its evaluation of the Jordanian national security strategy, the dissertation concludes that the Jordanian securitization model has led to a number of dangerous adverse reactions and hazards, which threaten Jordanian national security. The awakening of the extreme versions of nationalism, the rise of social/tribal violence and the emergence of the radical Islamist Salafi-Jihadi movement are examples of the hazardous outputs of the classical Jordanian national security strategy. Although the classical strategy has succeeded in maintaining the physical survival of the state/regime in Jordan since 1921, it has failed to cure the structural crises of statehood and nationhood, which the Jordanian state suffers from. Also, the classical strategy has failed to decisively answer the strategic questions of "what is Jordan?" and "who are Jordanians?". This strategic failure of the classical Jordanian national security strategy toward Palestinian-Jordanians rings alarm bells about the strategic and urgent need for an alternative national security strategy based on egalitarianism, modernism, populism and democratization.

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No description available.

Les activités du e-commerce et le cadre juridique qui en découle soulèvent des questions pertinentes, en particulier celle de la protection de l'acquéreur profane.A cet égard, dans le cadre des règles fondamentales, les règles juridiques fixées par la loi devraient être portées à la connaissance du consommateur par le professionnel de façon claire et concise avant conclusion du contrat électronique. Ainsi seront précisées: l'identité et l'adresse du vendeur (professionnel), notamment une description détaillée des étapes de la conclusion du contrat. C'est déjà le cas en droit français et en droit européen. Les contrats électroniques sont également soumis à des règles légales qui encadrent l'obligation du vendeur et de l'acheteur, la livraison, la réception, le paiement, la signature électronique du contrat, le droit de remboursement ou de rétractation, la garantie etc.Les règles juridiques édictées par le législateur en droit français réglementent les activités de l'e-commerce. Il semblerait nécessaire que des règles juridiques plus précises régissent ces activités en droit jordanien. D'où les propositions faites dans la thèse.De notre étude, il ressort que les conditions générales de vente sont des clauses-type constitutives d'un contrat d'adhésion. Leur dimension internationale et la technicité du procédé de signature représente la spécificité des conditions générales de vente dans les contrats électroniques.Ces clauses usuelles peuvent être classées selon qu'elles concernent la formation ou l'exécution du contrat. A ces deux stades, l'élimination des clauses abusives et l'encadrement juridique existant en droit français protègent le consommateur. Certaines de ces règles peuvent être transposées en droit jordanien. / SummaryE-commerce activities and the legal frame that results from them raise many relevant questions. Especially those related to the protection of the layman buyer.Concerning this issue, and in the framework of fundamental rules. The professional seller should bring to the knowledge of the consumer all the legal rules laid down by the law in a clear and concise way before the conclusion of the e-contract. Thus, will be cited precisely: the identity and address of the seller (professional), particularly a detailed description of the steps leading to the conclusion of the contract. This is the case in the European and French law. E-contracts are also subject to legal rules framed by the obligations of and the seller the buyer such as delivery, reception, payment, e-signature of the contract, the right to withdrawal or repayment. Within the framework, we show a great interest towards the legal rules set up by lawmakers in the French law. It seems necessary for us that such accurate legal rules regulate e-commerce activities in the Jordanian law. The reason why we made some propositions in this thesis.Our study shows that general sales conditions are standard clauses and components of the adhesion contract binding consumers and professionals that represents the specificity of general sales conditions.Furthermore, those common clauses can be classified in two categories either related to the lay out of the contract or related to the accomplishment of the contract. At these two stages of the lay out of the contract, the consumer is protected by the legal frame provided by the French law who bans abusive clauses. Some of these rules can be transposed to the Jordanian law.Key words: Islamic law, Jordanian law, consumer, recipient, sender, delivery, guarantee.

The purpose of this analytical study is to determine the degree of application of Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy and practices in the industrial corporations in Jordan. Through detailed examination of primary and secondary empirical data from these corporations, the study examines the link between TQM and labour productivity. The population of the study consists of all Jordanian shareholding corporations listed under the industrial category in Amman Stock Exchange. In late 1998, this consisted of a total of 90 companies. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed in investigating the relationship between TQM implementation and labour productivity. Detailed survey responses from 76 participating companies were classified into two groups: high-level TQM implementation and low-level TQM implementation. About 60% of these companies were classified as companies with high-level TQM. Descriptive analysis of the survey responses plus company report data found that mean labour productivity measurements for companies with high-level TQM were significantly higher than for those with low-level TQM over the years (1993-1998). Also mean growth rates of labour productivity measurements for companies with high-level TQM were higher than for those with low-level of TQM during this period. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between TQM and labour productivity. This relationship showed a high positive slope in companies with ISO 9000 certification, and considerably lower (but still positive) slope in companies without ISO 9000 certification. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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This thesis examines the tubulus, a ceramic heating pipe developed by the Romans to create wall cavities through which hot air could circulate. An extension of the hypocaust system, tubuli systems were one of the most advanced heating systems used in antiquity, and were employed throughout the Roman Empire. This thesis focuses on the tubuli from Roman Arabia and particularly those from the site of Humayma, in modern Jordan, where a large corpus of this material has been found. This thesis represents the first study specifically on tubuli in Roman Arabia, and as such, it presents an initial examination of the material and lays the foundation for future studies on the topic. The first chapter of this thesis introduces tubuli, the region of Roman Arabia, and the history of baths in Roman Arabia. In the second chapter, tubuli and their use at Humayma are discussed in detail, and a chronological tubulus typology is presented. The Humayma tubuli are put into their regional context in the third chapter, which looks at tubuli found at sites throughout Roman Arabia. This final chapter also examines the regional trade and reuse of this material. Although this study only scratches the surface of this topic, it is able to reach several conclusions regarding tubuli and their use in Roman Arabia. These findings include revelations about the Nabataeans’ adoption and adaption of the tubulus before the Roman annexation of their territory and insights into the production and trade of this previously poorly understood material. / Graduate / 0324 / 0333 / 0579 / caharvey@uvic.ca

This thesis analyses the crime of trafficking in persons under international law with a special focus on Jordanian legislation, arguing that efforts to address the crime of trafficking in persons require a holistic approach, but it will focus on questions of jurisdiction and legal definitions. After analysing the definitions, elements, forms, and typologies of the crime of trafficking in persons under the Trafficking in Persons Protocol (TIPP) as the main legal international instrument, this thesis further examines whether or not Jordanian legislation is in line with international standards. Then, under the holistic approach to addressing the crime of trafficking in persons, this thesis examines trafficking in persons as a transnational organised crime. Subsequently, it examines trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity by examining whether or not the International Criminal Court (ICC) might be regarded as an effective organ for addressing trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity. Later, the thesis examines the efforts made in Jordan to address the crime of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that trafficking in persons is a multi-dimensional problem and that long-term success will not be achieved by taking a disjunctive approach to addressing its many facets. Therefore, achieving a unified approach will lead to a permanent solution or will at least make a major contribution to addressing the problem.

This thesis is an analysis of the Jordanian economic developmental process which demonstrates that it expanded rapidly between 1948 and 1970. During the period under study, Jordan had to face two wars, in 1948 and 1967, which had inverse effects on the economy. After each war, the economy experienced a period of recovery due primarily to government efforts to promote investment; the existence of a more educated people represented by the refugees; and the role of foreign aid. Chapter I is a brief introduction to the Jordanian economy. Chapter II is a discussion of some theories of economic development. Chapters III and IV provide us with a more detailed description of the economic situation before and after the 1967 war. However, the purpose of Chapter V is to incorporate the theory that appears to handle the processes discussed in both Chapters III and IV.