José Emilio Pacheco (Mexico 1939-2014) est un poète, romancier, nouvelliste mexicain qui a profondément transformé le paysage de la littérature en langue espagnole. Son œuvre se caractérise par un travail continu sur le texte, le sien et celui d’autres écrivains. L’observation et l'analyse de la réécriture comme pratique textuelle, l’étude du discours métalittéraire qui l’accompagne et, de manière moins évidente mais tout aussi prégnante, l’examen de topoi poétiques connotant cet éternel recommencement, mettent en lumière une véritable poétique de la réécriture. Le premier chapitre de notre thèse permet d’introduire la notion de réécriture, avant de la confronter aux concepts et notions théoriques qui lui sont adjacents : le dialogisme et l’intertextualité, l’influence et la tradition, la critique génétique. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous réfléchissons à la réécriture en tant que praxis littéraire : afin de prendre la mesure de la productivité textuelle et de son orientation vers la réception, nous proposons une typologie formelle et une typologie fonctionnelle des principales opérations rescripturales dans l’œuvre de notre auteur. Le troisième chapitre, analytique, examine en détail les processus de réécriture autographe : les changements introduits lors des nouvelles éditions révisées et corrigées des textes narratifs et poétiques nous donnent l’image d’une écriture mouvante et soumise au passage du temps. Enfin, le quatrième et dernier chapitre aborde la réécriture allographe. Après avoir examiné quels textes ont été réécrits, depuis quelles langues et quelles cultures, nous nous attarderons sur les principales manifestations de la réécriture de l’autre dans l’œuvre de Pacheco et nous verrons comment celles-ci contribuent à privilégier l’image du lecteur, du traducteur ‒ ou de la bibliothèque ‒ plutôt que celle de l’auteur. / José Emilio Pacheco (Mexico, 1939-2014) is a Mexican poet, novelist, and short story writer who deeply changed the scenery of Hispanic literature. His narrative and poetic works show a continuous recreation of his own texts, as much as other writers. The analysis of textual operations such as quotes or corrections, the study of the metatextual discourse that comes along with it, and, in a more subtle but equally significant way, the interpretation of a set of poetic topoi which reveals the endless repetition of linguistic and literary materials, lead us to set up a poetics of rewriting. The first chapter of our dissertation deals with the theoretical concepts and methodological tools: dialogism, intertextuality, influence and tradition, textual genetics. The second chapter muses over the act of rewriting in a pragmatic perspective. Based on the examination of the works of Pacheco, and in order to encompass the diversity of the rewriting practices, we propose a formal and a functional typology of rewriting phenomenon. In the third chapter, we follow the main line of research of textual genetics to question an analysis and an interpretation of self-rewriting in a selection of poems and short stories. The changes introduced by the rewriter during the revisions and corrections previous to new editions show us a dynamic and temporal textuality. Finally, the fourth chapter is about the texts in which Pacheco rewrites other authors. By using a diversity and a multiplicity of sources and by reproducing and inserting other writers' verses or sentences in his own compositions in a sometimes transgressive way, it contributes to favour the figure of the reader, the translator ‒ or the library ‒ instead of the figure of the author.

Over the course of his fifty-year career, Mexican writer José Emilio Pacheco has almost habitually written poetry about environmental themes especially those related to pollution, extraction, deforestation, and other related themes of destruction. Simultaneously, his work has engaged with questions of temporality, namely the passing of time and the inherent violence of such questions. In this essay, I examine a selection of Pacheco's poetry from the 1970s to the early 2000s, demonstrating Pacheco's marrying of the two concepts: environmental degradation and time. This marriage results in a provocative synthesis of eco-apocalypse, a phenomenon that details a paradoxical end that never actually arrives, but only consistently worsens. I illuminate Pacheco's work by incorporating Rob Nixon's concept of "slow violence”, which informs my reading of the poetry by calling to its imaginative power. This power allows it to depict that which is imperceptible, either because it moves too slowly or too broadly to be witnessed by the human observant. In short, Pacheco's poetry addresses human-perceived time and natural or deep time in light of the ongoing apocalypse, which, despite the morose tone of the poetry, obliquely urges the reader towards an awareness of eco-apocalypse.

This thesis identifies continuities and disruptions within the tradition of literary allegory in Latin America and critically revisits the category of “national allegory” (Jameson 1986) in order to articulate an interpretative model suited to contemporary “transnational allegorical fiction”. Based on the analysis of seven Mexican novels that register the transition of neoliberalism from the political-economic order to a form of biopolitical control (Althusser, Foucault, Žižek), I identify the emergence of what I call a “transnational affective field”: a symbolic horizon, alternative to the nation, where the prospective function of foundational romances (Sommer) and the retrospective function of mourning akin to postdictatorial fiction (Avelar), converge. This ideological device negotiates power relations, facilitates the transfer of local/global meaning, promotes intercultural empathy and compromise, and denounces mechanisms of exclusion; thereby, reconfiguring the affective and political functions of allegory in Latin American fiction. Part One discusses critical approaches to allegorical fiction in both Latin American and World literatures. Part Two compares the representation of the binomial nation/world in three historiographic metafictions by Carmen Boullosa, Francisco Rebolledo and J.E. Pacheco through recent approaches in post-/de-colonial and memory studies. Part Three examines the depiction of the nation as simulacrum and the figuration of postmodern subjectivities in Jorge Volpi and Juan Villoro from a poststructuralist perspective. It also contends that Álvaro Enrigue’s and Valeria Luiselli’s novels are representative of an emergent meta-allegorical imagination that, in an ironic reversal of allegory (de Man), simultaneously constructs it as a mechanism of ideological control as well as a conscious strategy to resist commodification and symbolic violence (Bourdieu) in the contemporary world. The analysis demonstrates the vitality of Mexican transnational allegorical fiction as a socio-political and affective counter-hegemonic discourse that also functions as an effective strategy of recognition in the international literary field.