Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fjp_me_guara.pdf: 1797451 bytes, checksum: 8356f42bb2a95184e0bf1b4b2bb9a24f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Bronzinas são componentes essenciais em motores automotivos, pois são muito importantes sempre que houver peças em movimento relativo, já que sua utilização visa minimizar os danos das peças móveis mais caras e de difícil substituição. Um dos mais comuns tipos de falhas evidenciados em bronzinas é a fadiga superficial, que geralmente aparece na forma de trincas superficiais. Tensões reversas na camada do mancal podem causar fadiga superficial. Estas falhas por fadiga podem ser induzidas na superfície do mancal devido às tensões flutuantes diretas, ou na superfície de união devido às tensões flutuantes de cisalhamento. Muitas são as fontes de tensões em mancais, tais como: gradiente de pressão, flexibilidade de materiais de encosto e alojamento, presença de ranhuras de óleo, não uniformidade do apoio do alojamento, rugosidade superficial, espessura das camadas de encosto e de revestimento, problemas de montagem, entre outros. Este projeto visa determinar o campo de tensões a partir das deformações de encosto e alojamento, utilizando o método dos elementos finitos, e relacionar este campo de tensões com falhas por fadiga. Para isto, é utilizado o software comercial ANSYS® versão 7.0 no qual a bronzina é modelada. / Journal bearings are essentials components in automotive engines, because they are very important when exist parts in relative movement, since its use aims at to minimize the damages of the more expensive and difficult substitution mobile parts. One of the most common types of evidenced failures is the surface fatigue, which it appears in the form of surface cracks. Reverse stresses in the bearing layer can cause surface fatigue. These failures can be induced in the surface due to the direct floating stresses or in the bond surface due to the shear floating stresses. There are many stress sources in bearings, such as, pressure gradient, flexibilities of backing and housing materials, presence of oil grooves, non-uniform housing supports, surface roughness, backing and covering layer thickness, assembly problems, among others. This work aims at to determine the stresses field from the backing and housing strain, using the finite elements method, and to relate this stresses field fatigue failures. For this, it is used the commercial software ANSYS® version 7.0 in which the bearing is modeled.

Orientador: Fernando de Azevedo Silva / Banca: Victor Orlando Gamarra Rosado / Banca: Gustavo Aristides Santana Martínez / Resumo: Bronzinas são componentes essenciais em motores automotivos, pois são muito importantes sempre que houver peças em movimento relativo, já que sua utilização visa minimizar os danos das peças móveis mais caras e de difícil substituição. Um dos mais comuns tipos de falhas evidenciados em bronzinas é a fadiga superficial, que geralmente aparece na forma de trincas superficiais. Tensões reversas na camada do mancal podem causar fadiga superficial. Estas falhas por fadiga podem ser induzidas na superfície do mancal devido às tensões flutuantes diretas, ou na superfície de união devido às tensões flutuantes de cisalhamento. Muitas são as fontes de tensões em mancais, tais como: gradiente de pressão, flexibilidade de materiais de encosto e alojamento, presença de ranhuras de óleo, não uniformidade do apoio do alojamento, rugosidade superficial, espessura das camadas de encosto e de revestimento, problemas de montagem, entre outros. Este projeto visa determinar o campo de tensões a partir das deformações de encosto e alojamento, utilizando o método dos elementos finitos, e relacionar este campo de tensões com falhas por fadiga. Para isto, é utilizado o software comercial ANSYS® versão 7.0 no qual a bronzina é modelada. / Abstract: Journal bearings are essentials components in automotive engines, because they are very important when exist parts in relative movement, since its use aims at to minimize the damages of the more expensive and difficult substitution mobile parts. One of the most common types of evidenced failures is the surface fatigue, which it appears in the form of surface cracks. Reverse stresses in the bearing layer can cause surface fatigue. These failures can be induced in the surface due to the direct floating stresses or in the bond surface due to the shear floating stresses. There are many stress sources in bearings, such as, pressure gradient, flexibilities of backing and housing materials, presence of oil grooves, non-uniform housing supports, surface roughness, backing and covering layer thickness, assembly problems, among others. This work aims at to determine the stresses field from the backing and housing strain, using the finite elements method, and to relate this stresses field fatigue failures. For this, it is used the commercial software ANSYS® version 7.0 in which the bearing is modeled. / Mestre

The first part of the thesis describes journal bearings characteristics, their function and lubrication. The second part of the thesis is about a rotor-dynamics issue and how to use numerical and experimental methods for verification of a new bearing design. The practical part of the thesis is focused on analyse a current design of bearings in MBS. In the last part has been made and verified a new bearing design.

Plans to shut down nuclear power plants in some European countries as well as increased electricity production by wind and solar power will increase the work load on hydroelectric power plants in the future. Also, due to the power grid regulations, hydroelectric power plants undergo more frequent start-ups and shut-downs. During such transient periods, a large amplitude shaft motion can occur, especially in the power plants with vertical shafts. Large shaft motion is not desirable because it can lead to a machine failure. Furthermore, performance limitations of conventional white metal or babbitted bearings call for the development of new bearing designs. An outstanding tribological performance can be achieved by introducing compliant polymer liners. At the same time, bearings with compliant liners may alter rotor-bearing system dynamic behaviour compared to the systems with conventional white metal bearings. The research approach of this thesis is to employ nonlinear analysis to provide further understanding of the compliant bearing dynamic response to synchronous shaft excitation. Plain cylindrical journal bearings with different compliant liner thicknesses were analysed using a nonlinear approach. The numerical model was verified with an in-house developed code at steady state conditions. Results obtained by the numerical models showed good agreement. After verification of the numerical model for fixed geometry journal bearings, models for tilting pad journal bearings were developed. Results for the tilting pad journal bearing with three pads with line pivot geometry were compared with published data in dynamic conditions. A good agreement was obtained between the two numerical models. The effect of pad pivot geometry on bearing dynamic response was investigated. Vertical and horizontal shaft configurations were compared in terms of the effect of preload factor, pivot offset, tapers and pad inclination angles. Influence of the viscoelastic properties of compliant liners was also studied. All these factors significantly affect bearing dynamic response. It is shown how these factors should be selected to control the journal orbit sizes. It was also shown that the compliant liner provides lower maximum oil film pressure and thicker minimum oil film thickness in the bearing mid-plane in both static and dynamic operating conditions. / <p>QC 20120319</p> / Swedish Hydropower Centre

No description available.

<p> A user-oriented computer program for an optimum solution of the hydrodynamic journal bearings is developed. The computer package is formulated in such a way to determine the optimum solution using only any of the following optimization techniques adapted from OPTISEP: DAVID, SIMPLEX, SEEK1, AND SEEK3. </p> <p> A user guide and a complete documentations for the computer package are included in the thesis. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

No description available.

Machines operating in dusty environments, such as mining and civil works, are prone to premature failure, leading to production losses. To address this problem, this research project examines the interaction between solid contaminants and the bearing micro-geometry, in lubricated surface contacts. In particular, it seeks to identify anti-wear additives that are effective in reducing wear under abrasive conditions, making machine elements more dirt tolerant. In general, the influence of antiwear additive is so small that it is difficult to isolate it. Manufactures often make claims about their antiwear products, which are difficult to verify. Hence, there is a need to characterising the antiwear additives available with a well-defined parameter, making it easier for consumers to compare the efficacy of various additives, and be able to select the most suitable additive for a given environment. Effect of micro-geometry parameters such as radial clearance, out-of-roughness and surface roughness was examined and a Film Shape Factor (FSF) – also termed gamma ratio – has been proposed for ensuring adequate separation of journal bearings operating in hydrodynamic lubrication regime, where the out-of-roundness values are higher than the surface roughness values. In this research, an experimental study has been conducted on journal bearings, to examine the influence of five antiwear additives on the bearing wear and micro-geometry. The test additives were provided by the industry partner without revealing their chemical identity or composition; however, these included some of the most commonly used antiwear additives. The tests were performed under three conditions: pure base oil, base oil containing contaminants, and base oil containing contaminants treated with five different additives. The experiments were aimed at choosing one wear measuring technique that evaluates the performance of an individual additive reliably, and based on this technique the additives were characterised. To achieve these objectives, a multi-wear parameter approach (MWPA) was developed, which employed three main wear measurement methodologies, i.e. weight loss, micro-geometry and particle counts –to examine the effect of the antiwear additives. Minimum oil film thickness was also measured to study the lubrication status in the bearing contacts. The MWPA helped in comparing different wear measuring methods, and in selecting the most reliable one. This approach also helped in developing short duration wear tests, thereby saving time, while still getting reliable results without repeating these. Wear experiments were performed on seven sets of bronze bearings and steel sleeve shafts. The test contaminant was 16 micron Aluminium oxide Al2O3 powder mixed in oil with 4% concentration by weight. These solid contaminants were treated with five different antiwear additives to study their influence on the bearings. Bearings were operated such that the minimum oil film thickness in the bearing was equal to the size of the contaminants. These tests were run for a constant sliding distance of 7536m. The results showed that most of the wear measuring techniques do not suit heavily contaminated test conditions. However, the out-of-roundness technique proved to be the most reliable and practical. Based on this technique a methodology was developed which gave a wear characteristic number (N). A unique value of N can be derived for each additive, thereby ranking the additives for their efficacy. The finding of this research provides a better understanding of the methodologies used for measuring wear in journal bearings subjected to dusty environments, and examines the efficacy of each one of these. The wear characteristic number (N) can be used by manufacturers with support from international standards organisations, so that the users can confidently choose the most appropriate antiwear additive for their application. Machines operating in a dusty environment, such as mining industry and civil works are prone to premature failure with subsequent production losses. In response to this problem, this research project examines the interaction between solid contaminant particles and the lubricant film micro-geometry in lubricated surface contacts. In particular, it seeks to identify lubricant anti-wear additives, which are effective in reducing wear under abrasive conditions and thus making machine elements more dirt tolerant.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to experimentally elucidate the connection between the friction of the specimen with the textured surface and the optical observation of the sliding contact surface. The thesis focuses on the configuration of the journal bearing. This configuration is achieved by replacing the block with a circular sapphire section on a block-on-ring tribometer. For exploring of the lubricant film formation, the method of optical interferometry and fluorescence is implemented on the block-on-ring tribometer. These adjustments allow examination of the effect of the textured surface on the friction coefficient and the thickness of the lubricant film. In a mixed mode, the textures cause a significant increase in friction values and reduce the thickness of the lubricant film. The negative influence of dimples increases with the increasing radial load size. In the hydrodynamic mode, the textures have a lower negative effect on the resulting values than in the mixed mode. The changes are dependent on the size of the radial load and the viscosity of the lubricant. In the hydrodynamic mode, cavitation was not observed, and the effect of the textured surface does not correspond to theoretical prerequisites, which is reflected by lower lubricant thickness and higher friction.

Orientador: Katia Lucchesi Cavalca Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T16:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_EvertonNogueira_M.pdf: 5132802 bytes, checksum: 225e85d3342a471d6630511c11ffdf77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Resumo: As máquinas rotativas cujos eixos são suportados ou direcionados por mancais hidrodinâmicos possuem certos comportamentos dinâmicos característicos. Quando o rotor está em movimento o atrito viscoso do filme de óleo e o movimento relativo entre as partes internas do eixo e do mancal produzem uma distribuição de pressões. A pressão atuando sobre a superfície do rotor provoca uma força hidrodinâmica não-linear, dependente de sua posição no mancal, da velocidade de rotação e das condições do fluido. O conhecimento dessas forças é de fundamental importância na análise do movimento vibratório para os equipamentos. O trabalho consiste na apresentação da dedução de modelos matemáticos não-lineares que possam representar a força hidrodinâmica exercida pelo óleo dos mancais sobre uma máquina rotativa vertical de rotor flexível. As forças não lineares são avaliadas por um método analítico baseado na posição orbital do eixo do rotor. Essas forças, assim como o desbalanceamento excêntrico, são as fontes de excitação do sistema, e estão incluídas na equação de seu movimento. Uma característica particular do método é a rapidez da solução para as forças não-lineares. Para complementar o trabalho, o comportamento dinâmico característico do sistema à esta excitação é analisado pelas amplitudes das órbitas mostradas graficamente para algumas condições de operação / Abstract: Rotating machinery possessing rotors which are supported or guided by journal bearings has certain characteristic dynamical behavior. When a rotor is running, the viscous friction in the oil film and the relative movement among the internal part generates a pressure distribution inside. This pressure acting upon the rotor surface yields a non-linear hydrodynamic force which depends on its position and the fluid condition in the journal bearings. The acknowledgment of these forces is of fundamental importance in the analysis of the vibratory motion for the equipments. This work consists in the presentation of non-linear mathematical models that are able to represent the hydrodynamic force exerted by the oil in the bearings of a rotating machine, assembled on a vertical and flexible shaft. The non-linear forces are evaluated using an analytical method based in the orbital position of the rotor axis. These forces, as well as those from eccentric unbalance, are the excitation sources for the system and are included in its equation of motion. A particular characteristic of this method is the speed obtained to calculate the non-linear forces. In order to complete the work, the characteristic dynamical behavior of the system to this excitation is analyzed by means of the orbits graphically plotted for some running conditions / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica