The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) has been cited often in the scientific literature; however, there is still a lack of agreement as to the ideal body position used during this test, and how body position impacts the relationship between IMTP performance and dynamic performance. Thus, one aim of this dissertation was to compare two different IMTP positions and correlate the kinetic outputs from each position to vertical jump (VJ) performance. Another purpose of this dissertation was analyze which method of data normalization for IMTP force variables best correlates to squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. In the first study, subjects presented higher force outputs for an upright position (hip angles 145°, knee 125°) when compared to a bent position (hip angles 125°, knee 125°). However, there were no statistical differences among correlations from the two positions when correlating to VJ performance. Thus, we suggest that the upright position should be the one used for research and monitoring due to higher force values presented. The second part of this study was to compare correlations from non-normalized and normalized data from the IMTP to SJ and CMJ. Besides non-normalized data, five common methods of normalization were used – subtracting the body mass force, dividing the forces per body mass, allometric scale, scaling by height (Ford’s scale) and scaling by Sinclair coefficient value. In general, higher value correlations were presented with the non-normalized methods for both jumps – SJ and CMJ. Therefore, when using IMTP data to correlate with VJ performance, there is no need to normalize the data.

Orientador: Jorge Jim / Banca: Fernando Ribeiro Gomes / Banca: Rosângela Aparecida Marques Martinez / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre o desempenho do salto, a morfologia e o habitat ocupado por Scinax hiemalis e S. similis (Amphibia. Anura) da região de Botucatu. Os exemplares testados foram coligidos no Recanto Ecológico Sacae-Watanabe e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado. Os testes foram realizados no laboratório e no campo, sempre após as 18:00h. Os exemplares foram testados na sala do Departamento de Zoologia, em uma pista retangular construída com base nos trabalhos de Zug (1972 e 1978). A pista é constituída de uma superfície de 1,0m de largura por 2,75m de comprimento, delimitada por duas paredes de 1,0m de altura, com a extremidade final fechada. O chão da pista foi coberto com papel de embrulho para marcação da distância do salto de cada indivíduo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não há relação significativa entre as medidas dos membros posteriores e a distância do salto. Verificou-se também que não há relação entre o comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) e a distância do salto. Houve diferença no comportamento apresentado pelos animais das duas espécies, com S. similis demonstrando ser mais ativa e saltando quando se sentia ameaçada, enquanto S. hiemalis saltava quando tocada pela língua do predador. No campo os exemplares de S. hiemalis saltaram pouco e os saltos foram geralmente curtos, provavelmente devido ao ambiente que habitam (mata) e ao padrão de coloração críptica apresentado por esses anuros. No laboratório os saltos foram mais longos, provavelmente por não existirem galhos ou folhas próximas onde o animal pudesse se refugiar. O desempenho no salto (distância máxima/CRC) foi maior no laboratório, onde as distâncias dos saltos foram maiores / Abstract: The present work had as objective to study the relation between jump performance, morphology and the habitat of Scinax hiemalis and S. similis (Amphibia. Anura) in Botucatu area. Tested examples were collected at Recanto Ecológico Sacae-Watanabe and Fazenda Experimental Lageado. The tests were performed in the laboratory and in the field, always after 6:00 pm. The animals had been tested in the Department of Zoology, in a rectangular track constructed on the basis of the works of Zug (1972 and 1978). The track is constituted of a surface of 1,0m of width by 2,75m of length, delimited for two walls of 1,0m of height, with the closed final extremity. The surface of the track was covered with paper of bundle for marking the distance of the jump of each individual. The results obtained show that there is no significant relevance between the hindlimb lenght and jump distance. There was also verified that there is no relation between the snout-vent length (SVL) and the jumped distance. There was difference in the presented behavior of the animals of both species. S. similis had demonstrated to be more active by jumping when it feels threatened, meanwhile S. hiemalis jumped when it was touched by the predator's tongue. In the field animals do not jump that much and their jumps are short, probably because the environment where they live (forest) and the cryptic colour pattern of these anura. In laboratory the jumps were longer, because there were no twigs or leaves nearby where the animal could find shelter. The jumping performance (maximum distance/ SVL) was bigger in the laboratory, where the jumped distances were bigger / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 shimizu_rd_me_botib.pdf: 312157 bytes, checksum: cf4b17bb7f3cebdbe8bdbd2ded38f81c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre o desempenho do salto, a morfologia e o habitat ocupado por Scinax hiemalis e S. similis (Amphibia. Anura) da região de Botucatu. Os exemplares testados foram coligidos no Recanto Ecológico Sacae-Watanabe e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado. Os testes foram realizados no laboratório e no campo, sempre após as 18:00h. Os exemplares foram testados na sala do Departamento de Zoologia, em uma pista retangular construída com base nos trabalhos de Zug (1972 e 1978). A pista é constituída de uma superfície de 1,0m de largura por 2,75m de comprimento, delimitada por duas paredes de 1,0m de altura, com a extremidade final fechada. O chão da pista foi coberto com papel de embrulho para marcação da distância do salto de cada indivíduo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não há relação significativa entre as medidas dos membros posteriores e a distância do salto. Verificou-se também que não há relação entre o comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) e a distância do salto. Houve diferença no comportamento apresentado pelos animais das duas espécies, com S. similis demonstrando ser mais ativa e saltando quando se sentia ameaçada, enquanto S. hiemalis saltava quando tocada pela língua do predador. No campo os exemplares de S. hiemalis saltaram pouco e os saltos foram geralmente curtos, provavelmente devido ao ambiente que habitam (mata) e ao padrão de coloração críptica apresentado por esses anuros. No laboratório os saltos foram mais longos, provavelmente por não existirem galhos ou folhas próximas onde o animal pudesse se refugiar. O desempenho no salto (distância máxima/CRC) foi maior no laboratório, onde as distâncias dos saltos foram maiores / The present work had as objective to study the relation between jump performance, morphology and the habitat of Scinax hiemalis and S. similis (Amphibia. Anura) in Botucatu area. Tested examples were collected at Recanto Ecológico Sacae-Watanabe and Fazenda Experimental Lageado. The tests were performed in the laboratory and in the field, always after 6:00 pm. The animals had been tested in the Department of Zoology, in a rectangular track constructed on the basis of the works of Zug (1972 and 1978). The track is constituted of a surface of 1,0m of width by 2,75m of length, delimited for two walls of 1,0m of height, with the closed final extremity. The surface of the track was covered with paper of bundle for marking the distance of the jump of each individual. The results obtained show that there is no significant relevance between the hindlimb lenght and jump distance. There was also verified that there is no relation between the snout-vent length (SVL) and the jumped distance. There was difference in the presented behavior of the animals of both species. S. similis had demonstrated to be more active by jumping when it feels threatened, meanwhile S. hiemalis jumped when it was touched by the predator’s tongue. In the field animals do not jump that much and their jumps are short, probably because the environment where they live (forest) and the cryptic colour pattern of these anura. In laboratory the jumps were longer, because there were no twigs or leaves nearby where the animal could find shelter. The jumping performance (maximum distance/ SVL) was bigger in the laboratory, where the jumped distances were bigger

Purpose: To examine the effect of three muscle potentiation protocols on changes in muscle architecture and the subsequent effect on jump power performance. Methods: Maximal (1RM) squat strength (Mean SD=178.3 ± 36.6kg), vertical jump power, and muscle architecture were obtained in 12 resistance trained men (25.2±3.6y; 90.67±12.7kg). Participants randomly completed three squatting protocols at 75% (3 x 10 reps), 90% (3 x 3 reps) or 100% (1 x 1) of their 1RM, or no workout (CON), with each protocol being separated by one week. During each testing session ultrasound and vertical jump testing were assessed at baseline (BL), 8min post (8P) and 20min post (20P) workout. Ultrasound measures of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles included; cross sectional area (CSA) and pennation angle (PNG). Following each ultrasound, peak (PVJP) and mean (MVJP) vertical jump power (using hands for maximum jump height) were measured using an accelerometer. Results: Magnitude based inferences analysis indicated that in comparison to CON, 75% resulted in a likely greater change in RF-CSA and VL-CSA (BL-8P and BL–20P), 90% resulted in a likely greater RF-CSA and VL-CSA (BL–20P), and 100% resulted in a very likely or likely decrease in VL-PNG at BL-8P and BL–20P, respectively). Meanwhile, changes in PVJP and MVJP for the 75% trial was likely decreased at BL-8P and BL–20P; and for the 90% trial MVJP was likely decreased at BL-8P and BL–20P. Analysis of the magnitude of the relationships indicated a likely negative relationship between VL-PNG and MVJP (r = -0.35; p < 0.018) at BL-8P, while at BL–20P, a negative relationship was observed between PVJP and RF-CSA (r = - 0.37; p < 0.014). iii Conclusion: Acute increases in muscle size and acute decreases in pennation angle did not result in any potentiation in vertical jump power measures. Although the inverse relationships observed between muscle architecture variables and power suggests a potential effect, the change in position (i.e. movement from standing to supine for ultrasound measures) may negate, as a result of potential fluid shifts or muscle relaxation, the potentiating effects of the exercise. It is also possible that the fatiguing nature of the squat protocols in trained but not competitive participants may have also contributed to the results.

No description available.

Abstract available in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.

No description available.

Complex training is commonly utilized in an attempt to facilitate peak power production and Rate of Force Development (RFD) via Post Activation Potentiation (PAP). This research compared the effects of six weeks of; resistance (RT), plyometric (PT), and complex training (CT) upon the relationship between peak ground reaction forces (pGRF), jump performance, and strength. Thirty-four recreationally trained college aged males (21.44 ± 3.32 years) were trained using 1 of 3 methods; resistance (RT; n = 13; 180.14 ± 4.75 cm; 83.85 ± 20.54 kg), plyometric (PT; n = 11; 181.41 ± 7.97 cm; 81.25 ± 10.43 kg), or complex training (CT; n = 10; 185.17 ± 5.56 cm; 87.54 ± 9.04 kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. Participants were tested pre (W1) and post (W9) training to assess vertical jump height (CMVJ; cm), broad jump distance (BDJ; cm), pGRF (N), and multiple 1RM (kg) strength measures. Correlation matrices calculated on % change scores for performance measures from W1 to W9 between conditions, revealed significant positive and negative correlations (r range = -.730 through .996; p < .01* and p < .05**). The greatest total of significant correlation coefficients (r) for % change was seen for the RT group. Differences in training adaptations between groups at both the muscular and neuromuscular level may account for the differences seen.

Syfte och frågeställningar Studien genomfördes med syftet att specificera vilken intensitet och duration vid uppvärmning som är optimal för att få ut största möjliga effekt vid anaerob prestation i form av maximalt vertikalhopp och fem sekunders maximal cykelsprint. Studien byggde på tre frågeställningar: På vilket sätt påverkar uppvärmningen prestationen vid ett maximalt vertikalhopp? På vilket sätt påverkar uppvärmningen prestationen vid ett maximalt fem sekunders sprinttest? Vilken uppvärmning är optimal för maximal muskulär explosivitet? Metod Designen var en kvantitativ experimentell studie som innefattade fyra fysiskt aktiva kvinnor med genomsnittsålder på 24 år. Testerna bestod av nio tillfällen där en slumpad uppvärmning på ergometercykel genomfördes varje gång. Därefter genomfördes tre vertikalhopp, så kallade counter movement jump, på en kraftplatta och tre fem-sekunders sprint (5sCST) på Monarks Peak Bike. Hopphöjd, mean power, peak power och kroppstemperatur mättes vid varje testtillfälle. Resultat Resultaten visade att maximal muskulär explosivitet vid vertikalhopp uppnåddes efter uppvärmning i fem minuter på 150w vilket motsvarade en belastning på 53 till 76 procent av VO2max för testpersonerna. För maximal muskulär explosivitet vid 5sCST påvisades inga signifikanta resultat. Resultatenvisade inte heller några skillnader i kroppstemperatur efter de olika uppvärmningsintensiteterna. Slutsats För de fyra kvinnorna var det optimalt att värma upp i fem minuter med en belastning på 53 till 76 procent av VO2max för maximal hopphöjd vid counter movement jump. Det var endast hopphöjden som påverkades av uppvärmningen och inte någon av de andra parametrarna; mean power, peak power eller kroppstemperatur. Individuella variationer påvisades men vidare studier behövs, med ett större antal försökspersoner och med slumpmässig urvalsgrupp, för att kunna generalisera resultaten.

Introduction: Running economy (RE) is known to be a strong indicator for performance on long distance running. RE is improved by plyometric training through an increase in stiffness in the musculotendinous system. Stretch shorten cycle (SSC) is a function in the muscle where a contraction is preceded by a stretch or an eccentric action. Orienteering is an endurance sport where RE is important for performance. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine whether or not there is a correlation between jumping performance and performance on long distance running in young elite orienteers 16-19 years old. Methods: 34 young elite orienteers did drop jumps (DJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) on an ErgoJump Bosco System contact mat. In conjunction with the jumps time on a 5 or 7 km (for girls and boys respectively) running test was collected. Pearson's correlation test was then used to determine the correlation between jumping height and running velocity. Results: The jumping height of the CMJ was on average 30,46 cm and 28,24 cm for the DJ. The running velocity was on average 14,19 km/h. Pearson's correlation test for the correlation between DJ and running velocity was 0,463 and for the correlation between CMJ and running velocity it was 0,461. In both cases the significance was 0,006. Conclusions: There is a significant, moderate to strong correlation between jump height in DJ and CMJ and performance on long distance running on a running test in young elite orienteers.