Background: Several field-based team sports contain repeated, maximal effort sprints with varying rest lengths in between. This puts high demands on athletes’ metabolic and neuromuscular systems. Testing the anaerobic capacity of athletes is essential to improve and evaluate the progression. One test being utilised for assessing anaerobic capacity is the 300-yard shuttle run test. The test is field-based with stopwatches as the sole equipment. However, the test has not been properly tested for reliability.   Aim: The aim of this bachelor thesis was therefore to investigate the reliability of the 300-yard shuttle run test. Methods: The study was performed with a test-retest method and included a familiarisation meeting, test session and retest session.  Test subjects performed the 300-yard shuttle run test at two different occasions with seven or fourteen days in between. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilised to quantify the reliability. An ICC>0.8 was considered acceptable. Results: 17 American football players participated in the study (median age 20, min. =18, max. =38 y; median weight 83, min. =67, max. =133 kg; median height 184, min. =169, max. =194 cm). The ICC for the test-retest was 0.97 (95% CI  0.91-0.99). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study 300-yard shuttle test is proposed as a test providing reliable results.

Syfte och frågeställningar Studien genomfördes med syftet att specificera vilken intensitet och duration vid uppvärmning som är optimal för att få ut största möjliga effekt vid anaerob prestation i form av maximalt vertikalhopp och fem sekunders maximal cykelsprint. Studien byggde på tre frågeställningar: På vilket sätt påverkar uppvärmningen prestationen vid ett maximalt vertikalhopp? På vilket sätt påverkar uppvärmningen prestationen vid ett maximalt fem sekunders sprinttest? Vilken uppvärmning är optimal för maximal muskulär explosivitet? Metod Designen var en kvantitativ experimentell studie som innefattade fyra fysiskt aktiva kvinnor med genomsnittsålder på 24 år. Testerna bestod av nio tillfällen där en slumpad uppvärmning på ergometercykel genomfördes varje gång. Därefter genomfördes tre vertikalhopp, så kallade counter movement jump, på en kraftplatta och tre fem-sekunders sprint (5sCST) på Monarks Peak Bike. Hopphöjd, mean power, peak power och kroppstemperatur mättes vid varje testtillfälle. Resultat Resultaten visade att maximal muskulär explosivitet vid vertikalhopp uppnåddes efter uppvärmning i fem minuter på 150w vilket motsvarade en belastning på 53 till 76 procent av VO2max för testpersonerna. För maximal muskulär explosivitet vid 5sCST påvisades inga signifikanta resultat. Resultatenvisade inte heller några skillnader i kroppstemperatur efter de olika uppvärmningsintensiteterna. Slutsats För de fyra kvinnorna var det optimalt att värma upp i fem minuter med en belastning på 53 till 76 procent av VO2max för maximal hopphöjd vid counter movement jump. Det var endast hopphöjden som påverkades av uppvärmningen och inte någon av de andra parametrarna; mean power, peak power eller kroppstemperatur. Individuella variationer påvisades men vidare studier behövs, med ett större antal försökspersoner och med slumpmässig urvalsgrupp, för att kunna generalisera resultaten.

Submitted by GABRIEL MOTTA PINHEIRO BRISOLA null (gabriel-brisola@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-18T17:48:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ÚLTIMA VERSÃO.pdf: 3813641 bytes, checksum: c61ebbd4c02dd51b7b1ae87320fcf1d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-24T15:09:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brisola_gmp_me_rcla.pdf: 3813641 bytes, checksum: c61ebbd4c02dd51b7b1ae87320fcf1d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T15:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brisola_gmp_me_rcla.pdf: 3813641 bytes, checksum: c61ebbd4c02dd51b7b1ae87320fcf1d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi verificar o potencial ergogênico da suplementação por 4 semanas de β-alanina sobre a potência anaeróbia, habilidade de esforços repetidos e desempenho no polo aquático. 22 jogadores de elite do sexo masculino (média±dp: idade = 18±4 anos, peso = 78,5±9,5 kg e altura = 1,79±0,06 m) participaram do estudo, que foi conduzido de modo randomizado, duplo cego e placebo controlado. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (β-alanina e placebo) de 11 atletas cada e foram submetidos a testes específicos (teste de habilidade de esforços repetidos (RSA) e teste máximo de 30s de salto sob o gol (30CJ)) e semi-específicos (teste de 30s máximo em nado atado (30ATADO), teste máximo de 3 minutos (All Out 3min), teste incremental máximo (GXTATADO) e performance de 200m em nado crawl (P200m)) para a modalidade e um jogo simulado para possibilitar o rastreamento das atividades realizadas por meio de filmagem. As avaliações ocorreram pré e após o período de suplementação (4 semanas). Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos de interação entre os grupos para nenhuma variável do presente estudo. No entanto, alguns ligeiros indícios de melhora com a suplementação de β-alanina foram encontrados como: (1) melhora significativa entre os momentos (pré × pós) no número total de sprints durante o jogo simulado de polo aquático; (2) efeito provavelmente benéfico (análise de inferência baseada na magnitude) para o tempo médio, pior tempo e tempo total na primeira série do teste de RSA (RSA1); (3) melhora significativa entre os momentos na força média e integral de força durante o teste 30ATADO e na P200m; (4) melhora significativa entre os momentos na força pico no teste GXTATADO. Portanto, conclui-se que a suplementação por 4 semanas de β-alanina pode promover apenas melhorar ligeiramente alguns parâmetros relacionados a habilidade de nado no polo aquático como número total de sprints em jogo simulado, tempo médio, pior tempo e tempo total no teste de RSA, força média e integral de força no 30ATADO, P200m e força crítica no GXTATADO. / The overall aim of this study was to investigate the ergogenic effect of 4 weeks β-alanine supplementation on the anaerobic power, ability to performed repeated efforts and performance of water polo. 22 male elite players (mean±SD age = 18±4 years, weight = 78.5±9.5 kg and height = 1.79±0.06 m) participated in the study, which was conducted in order randomized, double blind and placebo controlled. Participants were divided into two groups (β-alanine and placebo) of 11 athletes each and were subjected to specific tests (repeated sprint ability test (RSA) and maximum 30s jump under the goal test (30CJ)) and semi-specific (30s maximal test in tethered swimming (30TS), maximal 3 min effort (AllOut-3min), tethered swimming graded exercise test (GXTTS) and 200m in front crawl (P200m)) for the modality and a simulated game to enable tracking of the activities carried out by video record. Assessments occurred before and after the supplementation period (4 weeks). There were no significant interaction effects between the groups for any variable of this study. However, some slight improvement indications with β-alanine supplementation were found to: (1) significant improvement between moments (pre × post) the total number of sprints during the simulated game water polo; (2) probably beneficial effect (magnitude-based inference analysis) for the mean time, worst time and total time in the first series of the RSA test (RSA1); (3) significant improvement between moments for mean force and integral of force during the 30TS and P200m; (4) significant improvement between moments for peak power at GXTTS. Therefore, it is concluded that supplementation for 4 weeks of β-alanine can promote only slightly improve some parameters related to swimming ability in water polo as total number of sprints in simulated game, mean time, worst time and total time on test RSA, mean and integral of force in 30TS, P200m and critical force in GXTTS. / FAPESP: 2014/02186-7

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Lisboa.pdf: 108555 bytes, checksum: 268f29754815a897568b89b45b145761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aimed to determine the effects of Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on 50 meters swim performance, in the technical variables and in blood lactate. Ten federated swimmers (20 ± 3 years, 1.82 ± 0.05 m, 77 ± 5 kg and 24.79 ± 1.04 seconds in the 50 meters freestyle) participated in a repeated measures design. The protocol consisted of three visits, anthropometric assessment were performed in the first visit, the second and third (random order) to three subsequent 50 meters performances in an Olympic pool. The first was performed at one hour (D1), the second at two hours (D2) and third at eight hours (D8) after application of IPC or control condition (CTRL). In addition to performance measurement, was measured the blood lactate accumulation (&#916; [Lac]), furthermore, the technical parameters relating to the stroke length (SL), stroke frequency (SR) and stroke index (SI) were measured over three passages during the race. IPC had a 0.85% mean effect in performance improvement. Although the effect was not significant in D1 (0.37 %, p = 0.25), there was a clear effect of treatment in D2 and D8 (1.02 % and 1.18 %; p < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, the improvement in performance was accompanied by an increasing in &#916;[Lac] in D2 (IPC: 9.04 vs CTRL: 7.77 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and in D8 (IPC: 9.55 vs CTRL: 8.52 mmol/L; p = 0.05), as well as the analysis of technical index during each passage identified a greater SR in D2 and D8. Based on our results, we suggest that a minimum of two hours should be given for there a positive effect of IPC on performance, and this effect remains at least eight hours. In addition, it is likely that increased glycolytic contribution, reflected by higher &#916;[Lac], may have led a greater SR and a consequent improvement in performance in D2 and D8 after IPC application. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) sobre o desempenho de 50 metros, nas variáveis técnicas e no lactato sanguíneo. Dez nadadores federados (20 ± 3 anos, 1,82 ± 0,05 m, 77 ± 5 kg e 24,79 ± 1,04 segundos nos 50 metros livres) participaram de um delineamento de medidas repetidas. O protocolo foi composto por três visitas, sendo a primeira uma avaliação antropométrica, a segunda e a terceira (em ordem randômica) a três subsequentes desempenhos de 50 metros em piscina olímpica, sendo o primeiro à uma hora (D1), o segundo a duas (D2) horas e o terceiro a oito horas (D8) após aplicação do PCI ou condição controle (CTRL). Além da medida de desempenho, foi mensurada a diferença (&#916;[Lac]) do lactato pico pós exercício do pré exercício de cada desempenho. Além disso, os índices técnicos referentes ao comprimento de braçada (CB), frequência de braçada (FB) e índice de braçada (IB) foram mensurados durante três trechos na fase de nado. PCI apresentou um efeito médio de 0,85 % de melhora no desempenho. Embora o efeito não tenha sido significativo em D1 (0,37 %; p = 0,25), em D2 e D8 houve um claro efeito do tratamento (1,02 % e 1,18 %; p < 0,01, respectivamente). Ainda, os dados de melhora no desempenho foram acompanhados por um maior &#916;[Lac] em D2 (PCI: 9,04 vs CTRL: 7,77 mmol/L; p < 0,01) e em D8 (PCI: 9,55 vs CTRL: 8,52 mmol/L; p = 0,05), como também, a análise por trechos dos índices técnicos permitiu identificar um maior comportamento da FB em D2 e em D8. Com base nestes resultados, pode-se sugerir que um intervalo mínimo de duas horas seja dado para que haja um efeito do PCI no desempenho, sendo que esse efeito perdura por pelo menos 8 horas. Além disso, é provável que uma maior contribuição glicolítica, refletida pelo maior &#916;[Lac], possa ter levado a uma maior FB e consequente melhora no desempenho em D2 e D8 após aplicação do PCI.

The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the influence of a six-week HIIT (High intensity interval training) on body composition and both aerobic and anaerobic performance. A group of 9 men aged 28-51 years was gathered and who followed an exact six-week training programme according to the chosen hypothesis. The results of our study show that the chosen six-week programme led to statistically significant (p < 0,05) changes in body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2 ), in FEV (l), and ANC/kg (J/kg). Changes in the other parameters were statistically not significant. Taking into account the size of group (n=9) we conclude that mainly effects on the individual level were attained.

Title: Effect of Alkaline Water Consumption on Sports Performance Objectives: The aim of the work was to find out the differences in performance after three days of intake of alkaline water in comparison with intake of water with normal pH. Methods: The thesis is conceived as an experimental study. A total of 12 participants aged 19-28 participated in the study. Volunteers were students of the UK FTVS military field. The testing included repeated crate outputs (Step-test), reaction rate tests on visual and auditory stimuli. Before and after exercise, blood lactate value, specific urine weight, and body diagnostics were recorded using a bio-impedance device. The study lasted a total of 3 weeks. Testing was performed with weekly spacing in controlled drinking regime of common or alkaline drinking water, always 2 days before testing. The obtained data were then analyzed and processed. Results: The average power of the Step-test participants in the first part of the measurement for both tests after the use of plain water is 718,8 W, compared to the average power of the participants after the use of alkaline water, which is higher and reaches 848,8 W. The test was 15,7 % with placebo and -0,9 % with alkaline water. The average perception of fatigue after drinking alkaline water was lower than that of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Santos de Oliveira Cruz.pdf: 891626 bytes, checksum: 8f132132abe4c34477a9871250e9fdb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A group of recreationally trained cyclists (26 ± 5 years, 176 ± 5 cm, 78 ± 8 kg, n = 15) took part in this repeated measures design, which aimed to evaluate the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on physiological, metabolic and performance variables during the 1-min cycling time-trial. The subjects attended to the Human Performance Research Laboratory on six separate occasions within a two week period, with at least 48 h separating each test session. After an incremental test and a familiarization visit (sessions 1 and 2), subjects were randomly submitted in sessions 3 and 4 to a performance protocol preceded by either intermittent bilateral cuff inflation to 220 mm Hg (i.e., RIPC) or to 20 mm Hg (i.e., control). To increase data reliability, each intervention was replicated in visits 5 and 6, also in a random manner. In addition to cycling performance (mean power), the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) and blood lactate responses were analyzed during the 1-min time trial and throughout 45-min of passive recovery to estimate the absolute and relative energy contribution from the three energy systems, as well as the total energy provision during performance. There was a substantial enhancement in performance after RIPC (1.9%, 90%CL of ±0.8%, n = 14), which was accompanied by improvements in the anaerobic glycolytic metabolism, even though it was insufficient to account alone for the observed change in performance. Our calculations therefore suggest that about 65% of the improvement after RIPC could be associated to an unnoticed higher lactic ATP turnover in the active muscles, while a supposed ATP sparing effect would be responsible for the remaining 35%. / Um grupo de ciclistas recreacionais treinados (26 ± 5 anos, 176 ± 5 cm, 78 ± 8 kg, n = 15) participou deste delineamento de medidas repetidas, o qual teve como objetivo principal avaliar os efeitos do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto (RIPC) sobre variáveis fisiológicas, metabólicas e de desempenho durante o teste de 1-min contra-o-relógio (1-min CR) no ciclismo. Os sujeitos compareceram ao Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano da UDESC em seis ocasiões distintas dentro de um período de duas semanas, com intervalos mínimos de 48 h entre cada sessão. Após um teste incremental e uma visita de familiarização com o teste de 1-min CR (visitas 1 e 2), os ciclistas foram submetidos randomicamente a um protocolo precedido ou não por restrição intermitente de fluxo sanguíneo (visitas 3 e 4). Para aumentar a confiabilidade dos dados, cada intervenção (RIPC ou controle) foi replicada nas visitas 5 e 6, também de maneira aleatória. Além do desempenho (potência média gerada), foram analisadas as respostas do consumo de oxigênio a nível pulmonar (VO2) durante o desempenho e ao longo dos 45-min de recuperação, juntamente com o comportamento da concentração de lactato no sangue arterializado. A partir destas variáveis, foram estimadas a contribuição relativa e absoluta dos três sistemas energéticos e a quantidade total de energia fornecida pelo organismo durante o desempenho. Houve uma melhora substancial no desempenho após a aplicação do RIPC (1,9%, LC90% de ±0,8%, n = 14), acompanhada por prováveis aprimoramentos nas variáveis associadas ao metabolismo glicolítico. Nossos cálculos sugerem que aproximadamente 65% da melhora no rendimento pode ser atribuída à maior capacidade muscular de ressíntese lática de ATP, enquanto uma suposta economia de ATP seria responsável pelos 35% restantes.

Title Identifying of genetic predisposition affecting sports performance focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity Problem Inborn predispositions of every individual are mainly influenced by the inherited genetic information in their DNA with the addition of external environmental factors. Based on the high variability of the inborn predictions in the form of phenotypic differences in the anatomy or physiology of an individual, it can be deduced on the connection between genetics and a specific sport talent. According to current scientific knowledge, anaerobic performance of the skeletal muscle tissue seems to be more genetically influenced. Anatomic and functional properties of the skeletal muscle are mainly influenced by genes, which have effect on the muscle fibre structure, blood storage, metabolism, neurotransmission, and muscle regeneration, etc. Fencing is a complex sport discipline where predispositions to speed and dynamic force play a key role. The sport performance in fencing, regardless of the type of weapon, is directly dependent on the interactions between the reaction of the fencer to the surrounding stimuli (visual, tactile), accuracy, tactical and technical skills, level of anticipation and overall physical a psychological readiness of the fencer. This work is...

Title Identifying of genetic predisposition affecting sports performance focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity Problem Inborn predispositions of every individual are mainly influenced by the inherited genetic information in their DNA with the addition of external environmental factors. Based on the high variability of the inborn predictions in the form of phenotypic differences in the anatomy or physiology of an individual, it can be deduced on the connection between genetics and a specific sport talent. According to current scientific knowledge, anaerobic performance of the skeletal muscle tissue seems to be more genetically influenced. Anatomic and functional properties of the skeletal muscle are mainly influenced by genes, which have effect on the muscle fibre structure, blood storage, metabolism, neurotransmission, and muscle regeneration, etc. Fencing is a complex sport discipline where predispositions to speed and dynamic force play a key role. The sport performance in fencing, regardless of the type of weapon, is directly dependent on the interactions between the reaction of the fencer to the surrounding stimuli (visual, tactile), accuracy, tactical and technical skills, level of anticipation and overall physical a psychological readiness of the fencer. This work is...

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