京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20671号 / 医博第4281号 / 新制||医||1024(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 万代 昌紀, 教授 小川 修, 教授 溝脇 尚志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) is a component of endothelial cell (EC) tight junctions that has been implicated in a number of endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis and trafficking of leukocytes through the endothelium during inflammation. Work within our lab has identified that loss of JAM-C at EC junctions results in increased reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM) of neutrophils back into the circulation, a response that has been associated with the dissemination of inflammation to distant organs. Whilst the mechanism by which JAM-C is lost or redistributed away from EC junctions has begun to be elucidated, little is known about how loss of endothelial JAM-C impacts the functions of ECs. As such, this thesis aimed to investigate the effect of JAM-C deficiency on EC functions to unravel possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of mediating neutrophil rTEM. To address the effect of JAM-C deficiency on EC functions, an in vitro RNA interference (RNAi) approach was used to efficiently knock-down (KD) JAM-C in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Importantly, KD of JAM-C did not affect expression of other key EC junctional markers such as JAM-A and VE-Cadherin and cell proliferation and apoptosis were similarly unaffected. Gene expression profiling using microarrays revealed that JAM-C depleted HUVECs exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype under basal conditions that was characterised by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as ICAM1 and IL8. Following IL-1β-induced inflammation, no difference in expression of pro-inflammatory genes was detected between control and JAM-C KD HUVECs. However, protein levels of secreted chemokines such as IL-8 were reduced in JAM-C KD HUVECs following stimulation with IL-1β. This was corroborated by in vivo studies demonstrating reduced levels of secreted chemokines in the plasma of mice where JAM-C was conditionally deleted from ECs. A novel finding of this work is the demonstration that JAM-C KD HUVECs exhibit increased autophagy under basal conditions. This might provide a potential mechanism for the reduced chemokine secretion that is observed in this system, whereby chemokines are preferentially trafficked for autophagosome-mediated degradation. Taken together, these findings indicate a multi-functional role for JAM-C in regulating EC homeostasis under basal conditions. JAM-C KD ECs respond aberrantly to inflammatory stimuli by secreting reduced chemokine levels, a consequence that could provide novel insights into the mechanisms of neutrophil rTEM under conditions of endothelial JAM-C loss.

Eight children, age between 4.5 and 19 years were treated with moricizine for supraventricular tachycardia during the last 3 years. The tachycardia was documented by surface electrocardiogram (EGG), and/or by ambulatory ECG in all the children and the mechanism of tachycardia was determined by previously published surface ECG and electrophysiologic criteria in all but one child. Of the eight children, three had atrial ectopic tachycardia, three had automatic junctional ectopic tachycardia, one had atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia and one had atrial reentry. All the children except one had failed trial of two or more antiarrhythmic drugs prior to moricizine therapy. The duration of moricizine therapy ranged from 4 days to 25 months. In three of the eight children (patients 3, 5 and 7), who presented with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, automatic junctional ectopic tachycardia and atrial ectopic tachycardia, respectively, moricizine therapy was effective in restoring sinus rhythm and controlling the clinical tachycardia. Only one child (patient 1) developed proarrhythmia, an episode of fast, narrow-QRS supraventricular tachycardia lasting for 30 s, on the third day of therapy. This was subsequently confirmed by electrophysiologic study to be AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. The other side effects noted were non-cardiac, not dose-dependant and did not require discontinuation of therapy. Based on our small series and those of others, moricizine, a newer class I anti-arrhythmic agent, has a limited but useful role in the management of recalcitrant type of supraventricular tachycardia, such as ectopic atrial and junctional tachycardia in children.

Fatores nutricionais e metabólicos são capazes de comprometer o desenvolvimento pleno dos tecidos dentários, especialmente quando impingidos em períodos críticos. Estudos revelam que condições derivadas da subnutrição precoce e também tardia, interferem na atividade da insulina e do sistema IGF, demonstrando possível envolvimento com algumas patologias e apontando, em sua maioria, caráter permanente em alto grau, se não imediato, prospectivo e comprometedor da performance morfológica e funcional dos tecidos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve o propósito de avaliar os efeitos da subnutrição proteica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal sobre o desenvolvimento da polpa dentária e do epitélio juncional do periodonto de ratos wistar, visando encontrar possível correspondência entre as alterações metabólicas e morfofuncionais decorrentes da subnutrição proteica, previamente relacionadas em estudos relativos à ação desses hormônios. Para tanto, formou-se grupos de animais heterogênicos (n=3) que, de acordo com a ração oferecida, normoproteica ou hipoproteica, e as respectivas idades, foram divididos nos seguintes grupos experimentais: nutridos (N) e subnutridos (S) com 60 dias de vida (fase na qual o período púbere termina) e renutridos (R), recuperados a partir de 22 até alcançarem 60 dias de vida. Após a eutanásia, os espécimes foram submetidos às técnicas de microscopia de luz (coradas com Azo-Carmim, Hematoxilina-Eosina e Picro-Sirius, esta última para a avaliação do componente colágeno) e imunohistoquímica para a identificação da expressão do IGF-I, insulina e respectivos receptores. A polpa dentária apresentou-se debilitada sob subnutrição o que foi verificado através da desorganização da camada odontoblástica e da estagnação dos componentes colágenos nos animais subnutridos. A renutrição não foi capaz de promover a recuperação de nenhum dos dois parâmetros. O estudo morfométrico permitiu verificar que a porcentagem média do número de expressões ao IGF-I foi maior nos animais do grupo N e que houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre estes e os animais dos grupos S e R. Da mesma forma, a maior expressão de seus receptores (IGF-IR) foi encontrada nos animais do grupo N com indicação de diferença estatística apenas entre este e o grupo de animais subnutridos. A maior porcentagem média das expressões de insulina ocorreu nos animais nutridos (N), mas estatisticamente não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos. Já em relação ao receptor de insulina (IR), foram constatadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre o grupo N em relação aos grupos S e R. No epitélio juncional, a subnutrição determinou modificações no padrão das células e camadas epiteliais nos animais subnutridos, além de uma maior quantidade de colágeno do tipo III no tecido conjuntivo que o sustenta, caracterizando um atraso no desenvolvimento desses tecidos. A renutrição não foi capaz de recuperar satisfatoriamente os seus componentes estruturais. Sobre as expressões imunohistoquímicas a todos os anticorpos utilizados (para IGF-I, IGF-IR, I e IR), a análise estatística demonstrou não haver diferenças significativas entre os valores encontrados nos diferentes grupos N, S e R no epitélio juncional. / Nutritional and metabolic factors can cause serious injury of the development of dental tissue, especially when occurred in critical periods. Several studies reveal that conditions derived from early and later under nutrition interfere in insulin and IGF system activities; in these studies has been demonstrated the possible involvement of some pathologies most of them pointing to permanent in high degree (if not immediate) prospective and \"possible dangerous\" morphological and functional performance of tissues. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the pre and post-natal protein under nutrition, and, post-natal refeeding on the development of the dental pulp and periodontal junctional ephitelium of wistar rats, in order to find possible correlation between the metabolic and morph-functional changes arising from protein under nutrition, previously associated with studies related to the effects of these hormones. For this purpose, heterogenic animal groups were formed (n=3) divided in accordance of their diets (protein or hypo protein) and their ages into the following experimental groups: nourished (N) under nourished (S) aged 60 days (final of pubescent l periods) and renourish (R), recovered from the 22nd to 60th day old. After euthanasia, the specimens were analyzed by light microscopy (stained with Azo-carmine, Hematoxylin-Eosin and Picro Sirius, the later for collagen component analysis) and immunohistochemistry examination for identification of IGF-I expression, Insulin and respective receptors. The dental pulp turned out to be impaired in the context of undernutrition. This phenomenom was seen through disorganization of the odontoblastic layer and the stagnation of collagen components in undernourished animals. The refeeding procedure was unable to promote the recovery from any of the two parameters. With the immunohistochemistry on the dental pulp, it was found that the number of IGF-I expression was higher in group N and that there were significant differences involving these animals and those from groups S and R. Similarly, the highest expression of their receptors (IGF-IR) was found in group N, demonstrating statistical difference between this one and the group of undernourished animals. The highest average percentage of the expressions of insulin occurred in nourished animals (N), but no statistically significant difference was detected among the groups. In regard to the insulin receptor (IR), statistically significant differences were found when the group N was compared to groups S and R. In the junctional ephitelium, the undernutrition determined changes in the pattern of epithelial cells in undernourished animals and the prevalence of type III collagen fibers in the connective tissue that supports it, featuring a delay in the development of these tissues. The refeeding was not able to satisfactorily recover their structural components. About immunohistochemical expressions of all antibodies used for IGF-I, IGF-IR, I e IR in the junctional ephitelium, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences among the values found in the groups N, S and R.

We consider a system of two identical Morris-Lecar neurons coupled via electrical coupling. We focus our study on the effects that the coupling strength, γ , and the coupling time delay, τ , cause on the dynamics of the system. For small γ we use the phase model reduction technique to analyze the system behavior. We determine the stable states of the system with respect to γ and τ using the appropriate phase models, and we estimate the regions of validity of the phase models in the γ , τ plane using both analytical and numerical analysis. Next we examine asymptotic of the arbitrary conductance-based neuronal model for γ → +∞ and γ → −∞. The theory of nearly linear systems developed in [30] is extended in the special case of matrices with non-positive eigenvalues. The asymptotic analysis for γ > 0 shows that with appropriate choice of γ the voltages of the neurons can be made arbitrarily close in finite time and will remain that close for all subsequent time, while the asymptotic analysis for γ < 0 suggests the method of estimation of the boundary between “weak” and “strong” coupling.

We consider a system of two identical Morris-Lecar neurons coupled via electrical coupling. We focus our study on the effects that the coupling strength, γ , and the coupling time delay, τ , cause on the dynamics of the system. For small γ we use the phase model reduction technique to analyze the system behavior. We determine the stable states of the system with respect to γ and τ using the appropriate phase models, and we estimate the regions of validity of the phase models in the γ , τ plane using both analytical and numerical analysis. Next we examine asymptotic of the arbitrary conductance-based neuronal model for γ → +∞ and γ → −∞. The theory of nearly linear systems developed in [30] is extended in the special case of matrices with non-positive eigenvalues. The asymptotic analysis for γ > 0 shows that with appropriate choice of γ the voltages of the neurons can be made arbitrarily close in finite time and will remain that close for all subsequent time, while the asymptotic analysis for γ < 0 suggests the method of estimation of the boundary between “weak” and “strong” coupling.

Cigarette smoke's influence on cancer has primarily been a subject of epidemilogic and tumorigenic studies. There have been no proper investigations with interests focused on how cigarette smoke affects the cellular mechanics of metastasis. Gathering an understanding of how smoke influences metastatic invasion could be vital in regulating or possibly eliminatings cancer's ability to initiate new tumor growth sites. This project focuses on cigarette smoke's influence on cellular mechanics of endothelial cells, and the invasive potential of cancer against a fully active endothelium. It is already known that cigarette smoke has a carcinogenic effect, but it is hypothesized that the cigarette smoke causes the endothelium to exhibit pro-invasive characteristics. Cancer cells are often ignorant to extra-cellular stimuli. It is suspected that there will be a less pronounced degradation of cellular mechanics of cancerous cells than endothelial cells when exposed to similar concentrations of cigarette smoke.

Fatores nutricionais e metabólicos são capazes de comprometer o desenvolvimento pleno dos tecidos dentários, especialmente quando impingidos em períodos críticos. Estudos revelam que condições derivadas da subnutrição precoce e também tardia, interferem na atividade da insulina e do sistema IGF, demonstrando possível envolvimento com algumas patologias e apontando, em sua maioria, caráter permanente em alto grau, se não imediato, prospectivo e comprometedor da performance morfológica e funcional dos tecidos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve o propósito de avaliar os efeitos da subnutrição proteica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal sobre o desenvolvimento da polpa dentária e do epitélio juncional do periodonto de ratos wistar, visando encontrar possível correspondência entre as alterações metabólicas e morfofuncionais decorrentes da subnutrição proteica, previamente relacionadas em estudos relativos à ação desses hormônios. Para tanto, formou-se grupos de animais heterogênicos (n=3) que, de acordo com a ração oferecida, normoproteica ou hipoproteica, e as respectivas idades, foram divididos nos seguintes grupos experimentais: nutridos (N) e subnutridos (S) com 60 dias de vida (fase na qual o período púbere termina) e renutridos (R), recuperados a partir de 22 até alcançarem 60 dias de vida. Após a eutanásia, os espécimes foram submetidos às técnicas de microscopia de luz (coradas com Azo-Carmim, Hematoxilina-Eosina e Picro-Sirius, esta última para a avaliação do componente colágeno) e imunohistoquímica para a identificação da expressão do IGF-I, insulina e respectivos receptores. A polpa dentária apresentou-se debilitada sob subnutrição o que foi verificado através da desorganização da camada odontoblástica e da estagnação dos componentes colágenos nos animais subnutridos. A renutrição não foi capaz de promover a recuperação de nenhum dos dois parâmetros. O estudo morfométrico permitiu verificar que a porcentagem média do número de expressões ao IGF-I foi maior nos animais do grupo N e que houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre estes e os animais dos grupos S e R. Da mesma forma, a maior expressão de seus receptores (IGF-IR) foi encontrada nos animais do grupo N com indicação de diferença estatística apenas entre este e o grupo de animais subnutridos. A maior porcentagem média das expressões de insulina ocorreu nos animais nutridos (N), mas estatisticamente não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos. Já em relação ao receptor de insulina (IR), foram constatadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre o grupo N em relação aos grupos S e R. No epitélio juncional, a subnutrição determinou modificações no padrão das células e camadas epiteliais nos animais subnutridos, além de uma maior quantidade de colágeno do tipo III no tecido conjuntivo que o sustenta, caracterizando um atraso no desenvolvimento desses tecidos. A renutrição não foi capaz de recuperar satisfatoriamente os seus componentes estruturais. Sobre as expressões imunohistoquímicas a todos os anticorpos utilizados (para IGF-I, IGF-IR, I e IR), a análise estatística demonstrou não haver diferenças significativas entre os valores encontrados nos diferentes grupos N, S e R no epitélio juncional. / Nutritional and metabolic factors can cause serious injury of the development of dental tissue, especially when occurred in critical periods. Several studies reveal that conditions derived from early and later under nutrition interfere in insulin and IGF system activities; in these studies has been demonstrated the possible involvement of some pathologies most of them pointing to permanent in high degree (if not immediate) prospective and \"possible dangerous\" morphological and functional performance of tissues. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the pre and post-natal protein under nutrition, and, post-natal refeeding on the development of the dental pulp and periodontal junctional ephitelium of wistar rats, in order to find possible correlation between the metabolic and morph-functional changes arising from protein under nutrition, previously associated with studies related to the effects of these hormones. For this purpose, heterogenic animal groups were formed (n=3) divided in accordance of their diets (protein or hypo protein) and their ages into the following experimental groups: nourished (N) under nourished (S) aged 60 days (final of pubescent l periods) and renourish (R), recovered from the 22nd to 60th day old. After euthanasia, the specimens were analyzed by light microscopy (stained with Azo-carmine, Hematoxylin-Eosin and Picro Sirius, the later for collagen component analysis) and immunohistochemistry examination for identification of IGF-I expression, Insulin and respective receptors. The dental pulp turned out to be impaired in the context of undernutrition. This phenomenom was seen through disorganization of the odontoblastic layer and the stagnation of collagen components in undernourished animals. The refeeding procedure was unable to promote the recovery from any of the two parameters. With the immunohistochemistry on the dental pulp, it was found that the number of IGF-I expression was higher in group N and that there were significant differences involving these animals and those from groups S and R. Similarly, the highest expression of their receptors (IGF-IR) was found in group N, demonstrating statistical difference between this one and the group of undernourished animals. The highest average percentage of the expressions of insulin occurred in nourished animals (N), but no statistically significant difference was detected among the groups. In regard to the insulin receptor (IR), statistically significant differences were found when the group N was compared to groups S and R. In the junctional ephitelium, the undernutrition determined changes in the pattern of epithelial cells in undernourished animals and the prevalence of type III collagen fibers in the connective tissue that supports it, featuring a delay in the development of these tissues. The refeeding was not able to satisfactorily recover their structural components. About immunohistochemical expressions of all antibodies used for IGF-I, IGF-IR, I e IR in the junctional ephitelium, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences among the values found in the groups N, S and R.

The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of membrane and soluble proteins that influence recognition, binding, and adhesion. Among members of this family are cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which form cell-cell contact points that play key roles in development, cell polarization, and cellular fate. Cadherins (CADs) are calcium-dependent proteins of the adherens junction (AJ), and polarize epithelium and endothelium. The tight junction (TJ) is a multiprotein junctional complex whose function is to control the permeability of the paracellular pathway. At the membrane level, TJs are composed of three types of proteins: claudins (CLDNs), occludin (OCLN) and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). JAMs are members of the IgSF while CLDN and OCLN are 4-α-helix membrane proteins. Although JAMs are part of the TJ and reside in the same ultrastructure, they are similar to CADs in their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure. Crystallographic studies of CADs in the presence of calcium yielded trans interactions that resulted in cell-cell contacts. In the absence of calcium, CADs form cis interactions that do not form cell-cell interactions. The crystal structure of JAM-A, has a quaternary organization of a cis dimer. In spite of the many similarities, a link between CADs and JAMs remains unclear. Beyond this point, the association between JAMs, CLDNs, and OCLN in the TJ is vaguely understood. The JAM family (JAM-A, -B, -C and 4) and their tissue-specific distribution indicate that they are key to understanding the TJ’s function and the interplay with the AJ. JAM-A has been used as a prototype for the other three members of the family, but based on current evidence we hypothesized that these proteins may display unique properties to support TJ’s function in a given tissue. Are JAMs affected by calcium just as CADs? Do CLDNs and OCLN make direct contact with JAMs? Do JAMs coordinate the interplay between TJ and AJ? We designed a strategy based on recombinant proteins and biophysical methods to answer these questions. First, we fused the extracellular domain of each JAM to maltose-binding protein (MBP). Our results indicate that JAM proteins have similar secondary structures, but unique tertiary structures. Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments showed that JAM proteins favored heterotypic compared to homotypic interactions. Second, we addressed the effects of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+) on JAM-A. The exposure of JAM-A to the resulted in changes in its secondary, tertiary structure, and homotypic binding affinity. Finally, we addressed whether cations had an effect on the other TJ components and if there is an interplay with E-CAD. We determined that in the assembly of a simple TJ and AJ, JAM-A and E-CAD are calcium-dependent, while CLDN1 and OCLN are calcium independent. We conclude that TJ components such as CLDN1 and OCLN may work as anchors to maintain cell-cell interactions while JAM-A and E-CAD would be regulated by cations in order to accommodate other homeostatic functions.

No description available.