Extant research suggests that some of the potential harms to social bonds during the incarceration experience may be mitigated by visitation. In particular, previous studies have found visitation from family and friends to be significantly related to decreased recidivism rates among adult prisoners. Little is known about the impact of visitation on recidivism among juvenile populations, which this study sought to address. Utilizing data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a series of negative binomial regressions were carried out to observe the potential relationship between maternal and paternal caregiver visitation and post-release self-reported offending among serious juvenile offenders. No significant relationship was found between caregiver visitation and recidivism, contrary to expected results. This held true for both maternal and paternal caregiver visitation as well as both dichotomous and visit count measures. Further research is needed to determine why visitation studies among adult populations do not appear to generalize to juveniles. Visitation quality and nature of the relationship with caregivers should be observed in future studies.

Since the founding of the juvenile justice system, minimal attention or research effort has been contributed to the understanding of factors affecting the rates of juvenile arrests, detainment, and return to community. Over time, studies have seen juvenile recidivism rise and fall. Counties and states do not keep solid empirical data on recidivism because minors are constantly reentering juvenile detention centers. States and counties only keep compacted empirical data on arrest of minors. It makes it hard for counties and states to differentiate who has been arrested multiply times. The following study investigates the juvenile justice and questions the rehabilitative function and ability of the system. Various methods of rehabilitation have been used and have been deemed null or effective. If certain practices have been deemed ineffective, are they still in practice, and why? Also, if other practices have been deemed effective in rehabilitation, at what rates are they being used and why? Studies that have focused on the contributing factors of youth at risk of recidivating or becoming offenders have birthed interventions that could potentially decrease juvenile recidivism significantly. This study will look into those interventions and analyze the results. Multisystemic therapy, as well as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been deemed valid therapy methods that have impacts on juvenile recidivism. We will delve into the science of juvenile detention and society’s efforts on decreasing rates of incarceration as well as recidivism.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between a juvenile's serious or violent offenses and the time to recidivism among the determinate-sentenced offenders. Concentrating on this group of juvenile offenders is beneficial because they are considered to be the most serious group of offenders among juveniles. Since these serious offenders will become a part of their community again, it is important to understand or determine if there is a discernable pattern to inform intervention and target rehabilitation practices. Crime severity makes a considerable impact on the commitment and punishment for a juvenile and an important question rests on how offense severity influences recidivism-related outcomes.

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Studies have shown that U.S. juvenile recidivism rates range from 50% to 80%, and many risk factors have been associated with adolescent delinquency and recidivism. The purpose of this cross-sectional correlational study was to evaluate the Future Generation mentoring program's effectiveness by examining the relationships between race and gender (independent variables) and youth progress (dependent variable). The Future Generation mentoring program is a pseudonym for the actual program to help protect confidentiality and anonymity of the organization. Juvenile progress was measured by how well a youth met their goals. Youth progress was classified as successful, progressing, or unsuccessful in relation to a juvenile's status. Juveniles who were successful either completed the program or completed at least 75% of their program goals. Juveniles who were progressing made progress towards their goals, but did not complete at least 75% of their goals. Juveniles who received an unsuccessful status did not show adequate progress, those youth did not uphold their responsibility to stay out of trouble. The theoretical framework was rational choice theory. Secondary data were collected from a sample of 49 juveniles enrolled in the Future Generation program. Results of chi-square analyses showed that race was significantly associated with youth progress in the Future Generation mentoring program. No significant association was found between gender and youth progress. Findings may be used to strengthen adolescent deterrence programs and educate stakeholders regarding trends in juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates.

Although recent years have seen a dramatic increase in research on the relationship between space and crime, few studies have examined the impact of space on the juvenile justice outcomes of treatment non-completion and recidivism. Fewer yet have investigated how such effects might differ on those outcomes when disaggregated by the reason for non-completion and recidivism offense type. This study seeks to address those theoretical gaps by determining the effects of distance to treatment for juvenile offenders on type of treatment non-completion and recidivism. By estimating the effects of not only linear and temporal distance, but also social distance, this analysis represents a valuable inquiry into the influence of space on juvenile offenders. Data on juvenile offenders adjudicated in Philadelphia's Family Court to attend community-based treatment from 1996 through 2002 provide this study with 6,208 individual units of analysis. Data describing the neighborhoods in which the juveniles live and the programs that they attend are also included in this analysis. The use of hierarchical linear models allows for the simultaneous estimation of multiple levels of control variables when modeling the effects of distance to treatment. Separate models are constructed to estimate the direct effects of distance to treatment on treatment non-completion and then the subsequent, indirect effects of distance to treatment on juvenile recidivism. Results from two-level models that control for both neighborhood and program context indicate that distance to treatment does influence the likelihood of both treatment non-completion and recidivism. In general, distance to treatment was found to increase the likelihood of both treatment non-completion and recidivism as distance to treatment increases. Interaction effects that represent the joint effects of distance and race indicate that the impact of distance is generally greater for non-Whites, as they are more likely than Whites to fail to complete treatment as distance increases. Results from cross-classified models reveal limitations of the data related to statistical power and noise. Findings from this analysis contribute to several bodies of literature, including criminology and geography, and strongly support the consideration of distance to treatment by policymakers within the juvenile justice system. / Criminal Justice

Although studies examining juvenile recidivism have focused primarily on violent recidivism, the factors that predict recidivism likely differ by offense type. To examine general, property, and violent recidivism, this study combined individual-level data (i.e., offender and case characteristics) from the Mississippi Youth Court Information Data System (MYCIDS) for the years 2009-2011 and contextual-level data (i.e., county characteristics) from the 2010 U.S. Census and the 2010 Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). Results showed that offender characteristics predicted only general and property recidivism, but case characteristics mattered for all three types (i.e., general, violent, and property recidivism). Contextual characteristics (i.e., the percentage of the population that is male aged 15 to 24) also mattered, but only for property recidivism. These findings have implications for policies and programs related to the treatment of juvenile offenders.

MA (Youth in Development) / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies / This research was conducted in the Thohoyandou Correctional Centre within the Female/Juvenile place found in the Thulamela Municipality in the Vhembe District. It is approximately 200km to the north of Limpopo Provincial capital of Polokwane. It focuses on finding out factors that influence offenders to re-offend again, investigate recidivism among youth offenders and identify some of the problems relating to recidivism. The research consisted of juvenile offenders incarcerated in the Thohoyandou Correctional Centre within the juvenile area. Both groups of sentenced male and female juveniles participated in the study. The research used non-probability sampling. Purposive sampling was used to gather information within the Thohoyandou Correctional Centre. The research used interviews and focus group interviews as methods of collecting data. The interviews were conducted using English and Tshivenda then the responses were translated from Tshivenda to English. The researcher interviewed young offenders who have offended and re-offended. The researcher used grounded theory as a method to analyse data. This method helped the researcher to generate theory from the data collected

Current research indicates an association between intense adolescent work (twenty hours or more per week) and delinquent behavior. It has been widely speculated that this relationship is spurious, occurring only as a result of other factors which are common to both offending and intense employment. The current study attempts to fill a gap in the literature by utilizing the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine the evolution of the relationship between work and self-reported offending in a longitudinal sample of juvenile offenders. Work intensity and consistency, social capital, and expectations for success were analyzed as potential predictors of recidivism or desistance as juvenile offenders mature into adulthood. Variations in the significance of these variables throughout the first seven waves of data collection were examined from the life course perspective. Results provide support for the theory of age graded social control and suggest that high risk youth self-select into intensive work roles as adolescents. No statistically significant differences in lifetime offending were found between respondents across varying levels of work intensity.