L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir et d'appliquer de nouvelles méthodes de supervision capables d'appréhender les problèmes de sécurité affectant les données au sein des réseaux P2P structurés (DHT). Ceux-ci sont de deux types. D'une part les réseaux P2P sont utilisés pour diffuser des contenus illégaux dont l'activité est difficile à superviser. D'autre part, l'indexation des contenus légitimes peut être corrompue (attaque Sybil). Nous proposons tout d'abord une méthode de supervision des contenus basée sur l'insertion de sondes et le contrôle du mécanisme d'indexation du réseau. Celle-ci permet d'attirer l'ensemble des requêtes des pairs pour un contenu donné, puis de vérifier leur intention en générant des appâts très attractifs. Nous décrivons ainsi les faiblesses du réseau permettant la mise en œuvre de notre méthode en dépit des protections existantes. Nous présentons les fonctionnalités de notre architecture et en évaluons l'efficacité sur le réseau P2P KAD avant de présenter un déploiement réel ayant pour but l'étude des contenus pédophiles. Nous considérons ensuite la sécurité des données indexées dans une DHT. Nous supervisons le réseau KAD et montrons que celui-ci est victime d'une pollution particulièrement néfaste affectant 2/3 des fichiers mais aussi de nombreuses attaques ciblées affectant la sécurité des contenus stockés. Nous proposons un moyen de détecter efficacement cette dernière attaque en analysant la distribution des identifiants des pairs autour d'une référence ainsi qu'une contre-mesure permettant de protéger les pairs à un coût négligeable. Nous terminons par l'évaluation de la protection au sein de réseaux P2P réels.

The thesis aims to study the development of late 19th and early 20th century domestic architecture in B&uuml / y&uuml / kada and Kadik&ouml / y as new resort districts of Istanbul. The urban development of Istanbul and B&uuml / y&uuml / kada is introduced as a basis to discuss the architectural context and domestic life. The discussion centers on the emergence of concept of &lsquo / resort houses&rsquo / as a new dwelling type in Istanbul in the late Ottoman period. Selected case studies are described and compared to illustrate how such houses were conceptualized, built and utilized.

This study, which aims to portray the circumstances of Ottoman women&rsquo / s movement during the first years of Second Constitutional Era from the eyes of the writers of Kadinlar D&uuml / nyasi Periodical, makes an analysis of the meanings ascribed to the efforts for the restoration of women&rsquo / s position in social life and the roles claimed for women during Ottoman modernization period. This research intends to confirm the fact that the basis for the mentality of defenders voicing women&rsquo / s rights was the progressive outlook which chose the &ldquo / women question&rdquo / as the focus on the way of securing not only social progress but also social integration, solidarity, national consciousness and progressiveness. Thus, the ideas expressed in the articles all written by women writers of Kadinlar D&uuml / nyasi are evaluated with the question in mind that whether the boundaries of Ottoman women&rsquo / s movement and the social role granted for them in the modernization process were wholly determined by the women themselves or theorized predominantly by the policymakers of the state who were all men. Deducing from the self-evaluation of women in Kadinlar D&uuml / nyasi of 1913, this thesis consequently underlines the fact that the struggle for women rights, which were carried out on behalf of patriotic and nationalist claims in accordance with the socio-political conditions of the time, could not overcome their invariable position of being &ldquo / historical objects&rdquo / despite of the fact that women held a considerable progress in their status during the Second Constitutional Era which laid the parameters of the &ldquo / women question&rdquo / during the early Republican Era.

Pasak prancūzų etnologo Daniel Fabre, istorinis paminklas yra viena akivaizdžiausių manifestacijų, kuria Vakarų Europa per pastaruosius šimtmečius teigė savo istoriškumą . Šiandien ši idėja tampa teorinės polemikos objektu. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas – ištirti ir įvertinti naujausius teorinius debatus, skirtus istorinio paminklo idėjos genezei, raidai, bei krizei, visuotinai įsigalėjus heterogeninei sąvokai „paveldas“, taip pat pasiginti į aktualizavimo galimybes ir naujas alternatyvas. Istorinio paminklo genezė tiriama iš dviejų perspektyvių. Pirmoji - tradicinė progresyvioji perspektyva, istorinį paminklą traktuojanti kaip moderniųjų laikų idėją ir didelį dėmesį skirianti juridiniam momentui. Ryškiausi dabartiniai atstovai –André Chastel, Françoise Choay, Dominique Poulot. Antroji – novatoriška antropologinė perspektyva, kvestionuojanti istorinio paminklo kaip moderniųjų laikų. idėjos sampratą Analizuojami šių autorių tekstai – Daniel Fabre, Jean-Michel Leniaud, Olivier Poisson. Kritiškai įvertinus šias dvi perspektyvas, pasigilinama į daugiaperspektyvinio modelio galimybes. Istorinio paminklo paradigminė krizė analizuojama trijose dimensijose – ideologiniame, monumentalumo ir istorinės vertės. Įvertinamas šios krizės mąstai lyginant su perdėm heterogeniška tampančia ir už gnoseologijos ribų išslystančia paveldo samprata, pasigilinama į istorinio paminklo aktualizavimo galimybes bei alternatyvas. Kaip pagrindinė alternatyva analizuojama Pierre Nora „atminties vietų“... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / According to the French ethnologist, Daniel Fabre, a historic monument is one of the most obvious manifestations that landed itself to maintaining historicism throughout Western Europe in recent centuries. Today this idea becomes object of theoretical debates. The main purpose of this work is to study and evaluate the modern theoretical debate, when heterogenic concept ,,heritage” is universally accepted and set in, about genesis of historic monument idea, development and the crisis. Also, it is necessarily to go deep into opportunity of actualization and new alternatives. There are two perspectives of inquiring the genesis of historic monument. The works on the traditional progressive perspective tend to present a classic image of historic monument, i.e. a his¬toric monument is exhibited as an idea of modernity, with big attention to juridical aspects. One of the most substantial contemporary scientists representing the classic conception is André Chastel, Françoise Choay, Dominique Poulot. As an alternative to this monoperspective theory emerges an innovative interpretation of the modernism of historic mo¬nument developed by contemporary French ethnologists and anthropologists - Daniel Fabre, Jean-Michel Leniaud, Olivier Poisson. This work presents and analyses dif¬ferent visions of the development of his¬toric monument. It aims at attempting to reflect the presented positions and to evaluate the possibilities and challenges of a presumable multi-perspective model. The... [to full text]