The purpose of this project was to investigate a cylindrical cavity resonator and use microwaves to heat up a material in the cavity. This was done by measuring the Q-factor and the resonance frequency of the cavity, both with and without material inside. The chosen material was graphite, and more accurate measurements were done with that specific material. A program called QZero was used to export the Q-factor and the resonance frequency from the measurement data received from a VNA and the program also gave error estimations. Then electromagnetic simulations were done using Comsol. Both an empty cavity and a cavity where graphite has been inserted were simulated and the results were compared to the actual measurements. To measure temperatures inside the cavity, a pyrometer was to be used. The cavity resonator has small circular holes through the side, and a frame was designed and produced using a 3D-printer in order to lock the pyrometer in place in front of one of the holes. A power supply was also installed to the pyrometer. In order to send microwaves into the cavity, a signal generator was used. It was connected to an amplifier and the amplification as well as the efficiency was noted. The pyrometer could only measure temperatures above 490 $\degree$C. This was not achieved, so a handheld electrical thermometer was used. The temperature of the graphite was measured and then compared to how hot the graphite would be without heat loss. For the empty cavity, a Q-factor of 3200 for the resonance frequency of around 2.4 GHz was measured, which matched the simulated measurements in Comsol. When graphite was inserted to the cavity, the Q-factor lowered to 300 in the real experiment. A discrepancy was found between the actual measurements, and the Comsol simulations in which the graphite only lowered the Q-factor to 2570. The reason for this is believed to be either with an error to how the material was chosen in Comsol, since there were many types of graphite to select with many settings to change. Another reason could be an error with the setup itself due to the sheer complexity of the program. / Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka en cylindrisk kavitet samt att använda mikrovågor för att värma upp ett material i kaviteten. Detta gjordes genom att mäta kavitetens Q-faktor och resonansfrekvens med och utan material. Sedan valdes grafit ut som det materialet som skulle testas och mer noggranna mätningar gjordes på just det materialet, och programmet QZero användes för att få ut mer noggrann data samt gav en felmarginal på Q-faktorn. Efter det gjordes simuleringar i programmet Comsol av kaviteten med och utan grafit och jämfördes med de faktiska värdena. För att mäta temperatur av materialet i kaviteten designades en hållare som en pyrometer skulle fästas vid och riktas mot materialet i kaviteten. Även en strömförsörjning till pyrometern installerades. För att skicka in mikrovågor i kaviteten användes en signalgenerator som var kopplad till en förstärkare. Förstärkningen mättes och förstärkarens effekt noterades. I slutändan nåddes inte de temperaturer som krävdes för pyrometern, så en elektrisk termometer användes för att mäta temperaturen på grafiten och detta jämfördes sedan mot den energin som absorberades av grafiten, då energin tillförd till grafiten och grafitens specifika värmekapacitet var känt. Prestandan av experimentuppställningen undersöktes också. For den tomma kaviteten mättes en Q-faktor på 3200 och resonansfrekvensen var 2.4 GHz. Detta stämde bra överens med simuleringarna i Comsol. När grafit fördes in i kaviteten sänktes Q-faktorn till 300. En avvikelse upptäcktes mellan de faktiska mätningarna och simuleringarna. I simuleringen sänktes Q-faktorn bara till 2570, en andledning till detta tros vara antingen vara hur materialet valdes, då det fanns olika typer av grafit med olika inställningar att välja mellan i Comsol. En annan felkälla kan vara något fel med uppställningen på grund af hur avancerat Comsol var. I värmeexperimentet hade förstärkaren en låg verkningsgrad vilket ledde till överhettning om för stor effekt användes. Experimentet begränsades därför till att använda upp till två watt. Vid exponerig under 30 sekunder värmdes grafiten upp till 100-150$\degree$C, vilket var avsevärt lägre än den teoretiska uppvärmingen till 1700$\degree$ beräknad från energin tillförd till grafiten. Antagandet är att temperaturen hamnade i ett jämnviktsläge kring 100-200$\degree$C eller att resonansfrekvensen ändrades vilket ledde till en minskning av energi tillförd till grafiten.

<p>In this Master thesis, microwave connections between circuit boards are constructed. The primary frequency band is the X-band (8-12 GHz). The purpose of the connections is to enable a more simple and cheaper way of mounting the circuit boards inside a container. </p><p>The connections have been designed and evaluated, using different computer programs. A few prototypes have been built and measured. </p><p>The main goal of this Master thesis was to design a connection, that would be useful in practice. The connections should be easy to manufacture and have a good performance. They should also have a high tolerance for manufacturing errors. </p><p>The main part of this report contains descriptions of different designs. The designs are presented together with simulated and measured results. </p><p>The report contains designs based upon coplanar waveguides and a phase shifting technique. The result shows that designs that are using coplanar waveguides are good. The phase shifting technique has some limitations and need to be developed further.</p>

In this Master thesis, microwave connections between circuit boards are constructed. The primary frequency band is the X-band (8-12 GHz). The purpose of the connections is to enable a more simple and cheaper way of mounting the circuit boards inside a container. The connections have been designed and evaluated, using different computer programs. A few prototypes have been built and measured. The main goal of this Master thesis was to design a connection, that would be useful in practice. The connections should be easy to manufacture and have a good performance. They should also have a high tolerance for manufacturing errors. The main part of this report contains descriptions of different designs. The designs are presented together with simulated and measured results. The report contains designs based upon coplanar waveguides and a phase shifting technique. The result shows that designs that are using coplanar waveguides are good. The phase shifting technique has some limitations and need to be developed further.