The area near the Sullivan Mine, Kimberley B.C., is underlain by rocks of the Purcell series which consist of two sedimentary formations of late Pre-Cambrian age, the Aldridge and the Creston. Both are composed of argillite, siltstone, and quartzite. The Sullivan ore body is a replacement deposit in certain favourable horizons in the Aldridge formation. The only known igneous rocks near the mine are the Purcell intrusives of late Pre-Cambrian age. These intrusives occur as large sheets, or sills, at a small angle to the bedding of the Purcell series.They are chemically about the same as gabbro. The object of this research was to determine the changes induced in the sedimentary rocks of the Aldridge formation near the Sullivan Mine by the intrusion of the Purcell sills; to compare the alterations found with the alterations known to be present in the wall rocks of the Sullivan ore body; and from this comparison, determine whether there is any justification for relating the mineralization of the Sullivan ore body to the intrusion of the Purcell sills. In order to obtain the information required the writer made a petrographic examination of thirty-six thin sections of specimens of the core of the Sullivan Diamond Drill Hole 249 located just east of the mine. The hole was drilled vertically through a sixty foot sill, and on into the underlying sediments of the Aldridge formation. The results obtained from this examination indicate that the sediments adjacent to the sill have been subjected to low grade thermal metamorphism, which has resulted in the development of a pronounced biotite spotted contact zone. Late magmatic emanations, either from the partially consolidated sill, or from the parent magma chamber caused metasomatism in the sedimentary rocks of the contact zone, and the effects of the metasomatic action are super imposed upon the effects of the thermal metamorphism. Tourmaline, albite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, sphene and rutile are the main minerals produced by the hydrothermal action. A comparison of the alterations found in these sedimentary rocks examined, with the alteration present in the Sullivan ore body and its wall rocks, reveals a distinct similarity. This similarity, plus the fact that the drill hole is within one half mile of the mine suggests a common origin for the magmatic solutions. Therefore, the solutions which produced the Sullivan Mine ore body may have been genetically related to the Purcell intrusives. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

In June and July of 1980 a 12 station microseismic detection network was established over a 40 km² area about the Sullivan Mine, Kimberley, B.C. for the purpose of using hypocentre locations of mining induced earthquakes to delineate the position of fault planes in 3-dimensions. During the experiment 1551 microseismic events were recorded by 2 or more digital seismographs, but only 366 events were large enough to be recorded by 4 or more stations. A regional velocity of 5.30 kms⁻¹ was determined from calibration explosions and a 3-dimensional least squares type location program was used. Based on explosions of known location within the mine a location accuracy of 180 m in epicentral position and 500 m in focal depth was attained. Recorded microseismic activity occurred entirely within the mine bounds, centered on the active working areas. An extremely close relationship between level of microseismic activity and mining cycles was observed. The seismic array at the Sullivan Mine was found to be unsuitable for use as a geologic mapping tool, partly because of the lack of resolution. However several interesting features of the induced microseismicity have become apparent: (i) Influence of mining activity at the Sullivan is extremely localized, with microearthquake activity confined to the working areas. (ii) The correlation between mine activity and recorded microseismic activity was extremely high; the majority of microearthquakes, in particular the smaller events, occurred in the first ten minutes after large mine blasts. These appear to be cavity relaxation events. (iii) There appears to be an association between the epicentral locations and the edges of cave areas. The only activity which may be associated with faults occurs when they are quite proximal to the cave edges; that is where tensional stresses in the hanging wall are localized along these pre-existing planes of weakness. (iv) It is believed that regional stress conditions are unsuitable to allow fault reactivation below the mine. Geologic evidence suggests' that the regional stress in the vicinity of the Sullivan is either neutral or extensional, in which case fault reactivation below the mine will be suppressed by the load removal caused by mining. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The mineralogy and petrology of two kimberlites, a peripheral monticellite kimberlite, and its core of phlogopite kimberlite, from the West Auxiliary Pipe at Dutoitspan Mine are described. The mineralogy of the two kimberlites differs mainly in the presence of phlogopite macrocrysts, greater abundance of angular crustal inclusions, more heavy minerals and higher diamond grade in the phlogopite type. Microprobe analyses of olivine, phlogopite, monticellite, oxide minerals and garnet are presented. Silicate compositions are comparable in both kimberlites and zoning of olivine grains is typically towards a rim of Fo₈₉₋₉₀ʻ irrespective of whether cores are more Fe-rich or more Mg-rich. This is caused by re-equilibration after fluidised emplacement in the earth's crust of macrocryst-bearing kimberlite magma. Olivine aggregates were derived from sheared mantle lherzolite and single-crystal macrocrysts were formed at higher mantle levels from a kimberlitic crystal-mush magma. This was emplaced in the crust by rapid gas streaming. The post-fluidisation phenocrysts of olivine and phlogopite which formed then are in general more Fe-rich than macrocrysts. Re-equilibration of ilmenite results in the formation of complex perovskite and titanomagnetite mantles. Phlogopite macrocrysts are preserved in the monticellite contact rock where rapid quenching prevented their resorption and allowed separation of an immiscible carbonate melt, giving the abundant groundmass calcite. Atoll-textured spinels are found in the contact rock. Major and minor trace-element analyses of whole rock samples are presented and discussed, bringing into account the problem of contamination by crustal inclusions. Whole rock chemistry supports derivation of the kimberlites as partial melts of mantle material in the presence of a lithophile-element-enriched fluid. The monticellite contact rock is highly enriched in REE, Nb, and Sr due to rapid freezing of this perovskite-enriched phase. The monticellite type is more enriched in lithophile elements than the phlogopite type, which supports derivation of the monticellite type by a small degree of partial melting, further melting reducing the relative concentrations of lithophile elements to give the phlogopite kimberlite chemistry.

M.Sc. (Geology) / This treatise presents the first comprehensive investigation in petrography and geochemistry of a mantle-derived eclogite xenolith suite from the Balmoral kimberlite. Eclogites form a minor component of the Earth’s mantle however they play a vital role in our understanding of geodynamic processes, i.e. the subduction of oceanic crust (Jacob, 2004) and the crystallization of diamond within the sub-cratonic lithosphere. A large portion of eclogites from the Balmoral kimberlite pipe is comprised of bimineralic (garnet and clinopyroxene) rocks with the rest being corundum-bearing. Mica with average modal abundances ≤10 vol% is observed as an accessory phase in bimineralic xenoliths. Modal abundances of corundum in corundum-bearing samples range between 1 and 6 vol%. Textures are ambiguous in Balmoral eclogites and thus chemical criteria of McCandless and Gurney (1989) places all Balmoral eclogites into Group II. As typically observed in garnets from eclogites (Hills and Haggerty, 1989; Jacob, 2004), garnets from Balmoral eclogites are chromium- and manganese-poor. They have a general trend from pyrope-rich towards grossular-rich compositions, with some almandine. Garnets from the bimineralic eclogites have disparate suites of low- and high-MgO samples. High-MgO bimineralic garnets are pyropic in composition with averages at Pyr63Gros22Alm15, whereas garnets from the low-MgO suite are widespread from relatively less pyropic towards grossular-rich compositions with average compositions of Pyr49Gros40Alm11. Garnets from the corundum-bearing eclogites are homogeneous and characterised by the highest grossular component (averaging at Gros47Pyr28Alm25). The clinopyroxenes for Balmoral eclogites are omphacitic in composition. Jadeite content is highly variable (ranging between 8 and 58 wt%) in these clinopyroxenes. The clinopyroxenes in bimineralic eclogites are characterised by a wide variation from diopside-rich towards jadeite-rich compositions. Clinopyroxenes in corundum-bearing eclogites have the highest jadeite levels.

The research study described in this report was conducted in 2007 at a Kindergarten to Year 12 College, situated in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia. Using case study methods, this research aimed to examine the scaffolding techniques used by two Reading Recovery teachers as they supported the language and literacy learning of two Indigenous Reading Recovery students. And further, to examine the impact of this scaffolding on each student’s language and literacy learning. / Multiple data sets were collected and examined with results discussed throughout this study. Transcripts and direct quotes were used to support the reporting of emergent themes and patterns with the convergence of the data used to support the internal validity of this small scale study. / This paper takes the position that generalisations, assumptions and stereotypical negative images of Indigenous students as disengaged and noncompliant students can be curtailed when teachers acknowledge that Indigenous students are active language learners with rich cultural and linguistic ‘funds of knowledge’ (Moll & Greenberg, 1990). These funds can support students’ new learning of literate discourse which is defined and used throughout this study as: the language used in schools to read, write and talk about texts used for educational purposes. Significantly, difficulties Indigenous students experience with literate discourse have been identified as contributing to the educational underachievement of this group of Australian students (Gray, 2007; Rose, Gray & Cowey, 1998, 1999). / The findings from this small scale study indicate that within the context of Reading Recovery teaching, teacher-student interaction and contingent teacher scaffolding, centred on text reading and writing experiences can support Indigenous students to code-switch between home languages and dialects, Standard Australian English and literate discourse.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fachbereich historisch-philologische Wissenschaften--Göttingen--Georg-August-Universität, 1992. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 393-408. Index.

Bibliography: pages 168-176. / The discovery of diamonds in the Kimberley area was to have far reaching consequences, not only for the region but the entire sub-continent. In addition to the hundreds of individual diggers, mainly white, who converged on this arid corner of southern Africa, there appeared also, in a remarkably short time, a complete infrastructure of urban facilities to serve their needs. Perhaps the most unique component of the otherwise colonial population was the massive influx of migrant Africans in response to the insatiable labour demands of the diamond mines. We examine the interplay of racial attitudes and conflicts and the ambiguous position of the black elites in the diverse groups of 'colonial' or 'civilised' Africans, 'Cape Coloureds', Muslims and Indians who came to Kimberley to seek their fortune. It is our contention that it was this ambiguity which was to provide a spur to black political activity. We closely consult contemporary accounts, official documentation and local newspapers, all of which faithfully record the ebb and flow of the state of racial relations. Never a typical microcosm of colonial urban society because of the extraneous factor of economic competition for limited employment and resources, social relationships in Kimberley gradually changed until the essential confrontation was not between colonials and the rest, but rather more specifically between blacks and whites. While the early history of Kimberley was marked by the virulent racism of white· diggers resisting black competition, the ensuing years were to witness a more tranquil period of racial co-existence. This tranquillity proved to be only the calm before the storm. We show how a series of crises strained relations between blacks and whites to breaking point. The failed rebellion by indigenous blacks, the smallpox epidemic during which the Muslim community incurred the wrath of white public opinion by failing to adopt western preventative measures, a revolt - the Black Flag Revolt- by militant white diggers and the effects of the new recruitment policies of the mining companies in the 1880s, which opened jobs to cheap black workers, all resulted in an increasing polarisation of race relations in Kimberley. We argue that where before official documents and newspapers had shown a class discrimination directed against migrant African labourers, this changed over time to become a negative portrayal of blacks in general. The effect of the emergence of this negative stereotype was to separate whites and blacks in many facets of life in the mining centre.

No description available.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Objective: The majority of information available on chiropractic patients originates from private practices in developed countries. However, recently reports describing chiropractic patients in South Africa have emerged, reporting on private practices and teaching clinics. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients presenting to a public chiropractic facility at the Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC) in South Africa; and compare to the local and international private practices and teaching clinics. Methods: The period prevalence was three months in which information was extrapolated from patient files of the patients that presented to the KHC Chiropractic Clinic (KHCCC). Information that was collected included demographic data, common presenting complaints, patient history and common management protocols. Results: Data for 157 patients were recorded. The mean age of patients was 47.5 years, majority of the patients were female (70%), comprised of coloured and black patients (85%), where the greater part had a primary education level. Less than half the patients were employed in manual type of occupation, whilst almost one quarter of the patients were pensioners. By far, the greatest reason that patients visited chiropractors within the public health care sector at the KHCCC in South Africa was for chronic musculoskeletal complaints (68%). Majority presented with spinal complaints of the lower back (n=144), the most common diagnosis made was sacroiliac syndrome (48%). X-rays were the most common special investigation requested by KHCCC. The most common co-morbidities reported were hypertension, followed by diabetes and allergies. More than half the sample had undergone previous surgery. Thirty seven percent of patients received treatment for fewer than six visits. Contraindications to chiropractic treatment were indicated in only three patients. The treatment protocols that were predominantly used at the KHCCC were joint manipulation, followed by dry needling, kinesiotape and soft tissue therapy. Two thirds of all patients that were referred to the KHCCC were referred from within the medical profession. With regards to the chiropractic patients globally, similarities respect to patients in the public sector in South Africa to all sectors both locally and internationally, include factors such as majority female patients, top five anatomical locations of complaint, common usage of x-rays as a special investigation, similarities with co-morbidities including cardiovascular and endocrine, the repeated number of visits for the same complaint and manipulation remained treatment of choice. Conclusion: Although this was purely a demographic and descriptive study in nature, it gave a better understanding of patients that presented to a public hospital in a developing country like South Africa. With this demographic and descriptive information obtained in this study, it confirmed that although there is a unique population utilising chiropractic services within the public sector of South Africa, meaningful similarities have been found between patients in the different sectors in South Africa and internationally.