Written for the Dept. of Kinesiology and Physical Education. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/06/29). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 92-93.

The research described was aimed at developing passive vision techniques to perform kinematic calibration for a multi-link manipulator, in near real time. Working with a single image of the arm of a Caterpillar excavator, edges are extracted first, then the constrained nature of the problem allows filtering of edge elements to select only those potentially arising from the arm. A model based matching process is performed on this refined data to determine the desired joint angles quickly and efficiently. Methods of exploiting the parallel nature of these techniques are also described. / Science, Faculty of / Computer Science, Department of / Graduate

Over the last few decades Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has become a well established technology that is used throughout the manufacturing sector. In this time, changes in generator technology as well as tool design have brought about a many fold increase in EDM machining rates, particularly in Wire EDM. Yet in Ram-EDM issues with flushing of the inter-electrode gap hinders such improvements to material removal rates. In order to improve the removal rates in Ram-EDM new flushing methodologies are necessary. With this in mind an investigation into novel tooling kinematics, aimed at enhancing inter-electrode gap flushing is presented. Theses novel kinematics are inspired by the Reuleaux Triangle and its ability to machine near sharp comers. This concept is expanded upon in 1)rder to generate tool kinematics, which can machine regular as well as irregular polygons with sharp comers using rotating tools. The curvilinear tooling geometries described in this work are moved along complex orbits which necessitate a 4-axis CNC EDM machining center. Furthermore the slow axis travel speeds on current EDM machining centers presents an obstacle to properly implementing a rapid orbit meant to generating flushing. This problem is obviated in new ED-milling machines, but in the absence of such a machine alternative testing methods were investigated to prove the concept. It is shown that the Reuleaux Triangle inspired tooling machines at constant speed independent of depth, unlike traditional Ram-EDM tools that slow down as greater depths are reached. Thus tr e novel tooling geometries are capable of many fold improvements of machining rates. Ur fortunately these improved removal rates are achieved at the expense of localized tool wear. The novel tooling kinematics result in uneven tool wear patterns that cannot be modded using currently available techniques, thus a new simulation technique is presented. This technique reduces the 3D wear experienced by tools to allow a 2D simulation thereof. A number of examples area shown in order to validate this simulation technique. Due to uneven wear and poor machining rates at low pulse energies, the novel tooling kinematics are deemed unsuitable for finishing operations, but they excel in roughing regimes. It is therefore suggested that the novel tooling be used for the bulk material removal and a conventional Ram-EDM form tool be used to finish the cavity. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Physics and Astronomy

Computer programs have been developed for the kinematic and dynamic analyses of cascades of planar four-bar mechanisms. Since the analytic approach has high efficiency and accuracy in computation, a chain of four-bar linkages is developed horizontally and vertically by using the relative coordinates and the absolute coordinates, from which the explicit equations and the simultaneous equations are respectively derived in the kinematic analysis. In this analysis, the actions of transmission of linkages, from left to right, from right to left and from lower to upper, are performed by the image method and transformation procedures. Based on the kinematic analysis, the dynamic analysis is also developed by using both sets of coordinate systems. The generalized equation of motion, the general form of Lagrange's equations, Lagrange multipliers and the theorem of power balance are used to construct various formulations of the governing equations of motion for some particular problems. The problem of a linkage with a moving frame (the ground link) is the most interesting focus in this analysis.

Geometric analyses of three mylonite zones, including two metamorphic-core-complex SC-mylonite zones, show that the mylonitic foliation surfaces (S-surfaces) are consistently discordant to the margins of the shear zones. Finite-strain analyses show that the foliation surfaces in each zone are consistently oriented parallel to the XY-plane of the finite strain ellipsoid. The shear bands within the mylonites (C-surfaces, C'-surfaces, extensional crenulations, and shear-band cleavages) are uniformly oriented subparallel to the margins of the shear zones. The finite lengths and discontinuous natures of the shear bands require that the displacement along them be accommodated by the S-surfaces at the tips of the shear bands. Thus the S-surface elongations and orientations represent the total bulk rock strain, rather than some minimum measure of inter-C-surface strain. General stress and strain considerations indicate that the shear bands are planes of maximum shear stress, and that they are not only simple-shear slip planes. This interpretation implies that in simple-shear deformation, a single, irrotational set of shear bands will develop parallel to the shear-zone boundaries. In deformations involving significant components of coaxial strain, however, shear bands may develop in other orientations or in conjugate sets and rotate with progressive deformation.

It is well known that second order effects may in many cases be important for the nonlinear hydrodynamic problems arising in ocean engineering. Despite considerable efforts having been made in the past in calculating second order unsteady forces, similar studies are rare for the actual second order velocity potential itself, which is important for the understanding of wave kinematics. A mathematical model has been developed for the calculation of the second order sum frequency diffraction potential for fixed bodies in waves. It is believed that a first step towards the solution of the second order problem is the accurate evaluation of the first order quantities. By the use of Green's second identity, the first order problem can be cast into the form of a Fredholm integral equation and then solved by the Boundary Element Method. Some new developments based on this technique have been undertaken in this work, and as a result, there is a major improvement in the accuracy of the first order analysis. For the second order problem, the solution procedures are similar to those used for the first order problem except that special techniques have been developed to calculate efficiently the additional free surface integral which decays slowly to infinity in a highly oscillatory manner. In addition, an effective method has also been implemented to calculate the second derivative term in the free surface integral. From the numerical results presented, a number of interesting findings are illustrated. A closed form expression for a vertical circular cylinder has also been developed which not only furnishes a valuable check on the general numerical model but also provides some physical explanation for the second order phenomena. Moreover, it has been used to investigate some theoretical problems which (in the past) have caused confusion and error in the second order analysis. They are mainly associated with the troublesome nonhomogeneity presented in the free surface boundary condition.

No description available.