In the dynamic era, knowledge management is an important means that enterprises show one's talent and maintain the advantage of the competition. If enterprises can manage knowledge well, it can grasp and win the first chance of strength. And in order to maximize the knowledge management effectively, enterprises need to utilize the performance index to weigh the effect, and then improve it. In enterprises, the goal of organizational learning is creating knowledge and using knowledge to solve problems. So organizational learning closely linked with knowledge management. This study attempts to investigate the impact on KM performance based on the organizational learning perspective. As enterprises want to improve the performance index of knowledge management, they only need to find out key factors to the performance index, and then improve it. Furthermore, different KM strategies can help to find out influences on KM performance. When the KM performances of enterprises are not satisfactory, enterprises need to inspect the KM strategy to adopt suitably and adjust the KM strategy accordingly. This study also investigates how organizational learning enabler impacts organizational learning. This study used questionnaire investigation to prove the research model is fit or not, and used ANOVA and regression analysis to test all hypotheses. The result of the study shows that organizational learning has influence on knowledge management performance. Organization position and task complexity will enable organizational learning, and through different KM strategies, the impacts of KM performance based on organizational learning are different.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-204). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-204). Also available on the Internet.

Organisational learning is seen by many to be a key determinant of organisational performance. This is demonstrated by the growth of the 'learning company' concept (Pedler et al. 1991), and by the suggestion that the ability to learn faster than one's competitors is the only sustainable competitive advantage (DeGeus 1988). Consequently, organisations need to integrate and maximise the knowledge and learning of their individuals, and central to the learning process in firms is an effective means of transferring knowledge and learning between individuals and their organisation as a whole. Mental models (individual and shared) have been postulated as a mechanism through which this occurs (Senge 1990a; Kim 1993; Hayes and Allinson 1998). An individual mental model can be characterised as a simplification or representation of understanding of an idea, notion, process or system which provides the cognitive framework in which that individual's knowledge in respect of that issue is stored, whilst shared (group or organisational) mental models can be characterised as the common elements that exist between individual mental models. Both of these have been theoretically linked with individual and organisational learning. Literature in respect of individual and organisational learning, mental models and a third issue cognitive style is reviewed. Cognitive style represents the way individuals obtain, store and operationalise knowledge, and is included here as it is recognised as potentially affecting how learning and mental models interact (Hayes and Allinson 1998). A research model is posited which integrates key theory in respect of these three concepts, and research undertaken in two phases is presented. Phase One focused upon the representation of individual and shared mental models through semi-structured causal interviews with senior mangers in participant organisations, whilst Phase Two involved organisation wide surveys of these models, aspects of learning and cognitive style. Results obtained suggest that the complexities of an organisation, its environment, learning and mental models all mitigate against the identification of a simple relationship between these constructs. However some of the sources of these complexities are identified and suggested, and it is posited that the progression of work addressing organisational learning would best be served through a case study approach addressing the sources of complexity and effectiveness of learning in relation to specific mental models and within organisations.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of self-controlled video feedback on the learning of the basketball set shot. Female participants were assigned to self-control (SC) (n = 14) and yoked (YK) (n = 14) groups. SC participants were allowed to request video feedback in the form of knowledge of performance (KP) following any trial while YK participants received video KP according to the schedule created by their SC counterpart. Participants in both groups were also allowed to view a poster of written instructional cues at any time. An acquisition phase consisted of 25 set shots (five blocks) from a youth free throw line (3.66 m). Each trial was 30 s in duration. An additional 30 s break was given between blocks. Retention and transfer phases each consisted of ten trials (two blocks) and occurred 24 hours following acquisition. Retention was administered from the youth free throw line and transfer from a traditional free throw line (4.57 m). Participants were scored on both movement form and shooting accuracy during acquisition, retention, and transfer. Results indicated that the SC group had significantly higher form scores than the YK group during Blocks 3 and 5 of acquisition and during the transfer phase. In addition, the SC group looked at the instructional cues more frequently than the YK group. Both groups increased shooting accuracy during acquisition (p < .05), but did not differ from one another during any of the experimental phases. A number of results differed from previous research findings. The responses of participants on a post-training questionnaire indicated no preference for requesting or receiving feedback following so-called good trials as reported by Chiviacowsky & Wulf (2002, 2005). In addition, there were no differences in accuracy or form between feedback (i.e., good) and no feedback (i.e., poor) trials. Overall, the results indicated that self-controlled video KP facilitated learning of correct shooting technique.

In the knowledge economy age, the capability of a business to gain advantage depends not only on tangible assets but also on intangible assets, such as the knowledge owned by the organization. Given the importance of knowledge, knowledge management has become a very important task for business to remain competitive. Many literatures in knowledge management have emphasized the key role of knowledge creation activities and their impact on organizational performance. In particular, they have focused on the effect of creativity. In the study, we extend previous framework to add organizational learning to enhance the existing model. An empirical study was conducted to examine the extended model. Major findings include the following: (1) Socialization, combination and internalization have positive impacts on both organizational creativity and organizational learning, but externalization does not. (2) Both organizational creativity and organizational learning have positive impacts on organizational performance. (3) The explicitness of knowledge has a moderating effect on the effect of socialization and organizational learning and on the effect of externalization and organizational learning. (4) The degree of organizational knowledge has a moderating effect on the effect of internalization and organizational creativity.

Research in knowledge management has gained much attention in recent years. In the past, the process view that focuses on the creation, organization, sharing, and application of explicit and tacit knowledge has dominated knowledge management research. In this study, we propose an alternative view that examines the dynamic relationships of knowledge from an ecological perspective. The DICE model developed from relevant ecological concepts is proposed. The model consists of four major dimensions in measuring the status of organizational knowledge management: knowledge distribution, interaction, competition and evolution. These four elements interact with each other and evolve over time to form a knowledge ecology in an organization. The DICE model is supported by a qualitative case study in this research. Evidence collected through interviews in a large semi-conductor packaging company indicate the existence of these dimensions. A quantitative survey was then conducted to examine the relationships between these knowledge ecology constructs and organizational performance. The results show that different knowledge ecology do affect knowledge management performance. Therefore, the DICE model can be used to measure the knowledge ecology of an organization and managers can use the model to assess their knowledge ecology and make improvement in order to enhance organizational performance.

The proverb ¡§Knowledge is power¡¨ points out the importance of knowledge. Most organizations understand the importance of knowledge and treat knowledge as a vital resource. Research in knowledge management has gained much attention in recent years. This study investigates how knowledge distribution affects knowledge interaction types, and how knowledge interaction affects the performance of knowledge management in an organization. A measure of interaction quality is also defined to include process and outcome quality. A survey research was conducted to examine our research framework. The results show that: 1. knowledge intensity affect the type of knowledge interaction and outcome quality. 2. Different types of knowledge interaction results in different interaction quality. 3. Outcome quality of knowledge interaction types affects KM performance. 4. KM performance affects organizational performance.

Pesquisadores na área de Aprendizagem Motora têm se dedicado a analisar os fatores que podem afetar a aquisição de uma habilidade motora, com ênfase especial para o efeito do feedback, que tem sido reconhecido juntamente com a prática, como fatores cruciais para a evolução do desempenho. É sabido que o Conhecimento de Performance (CP) tem a função de guiar a atenção do aprendiz para aspectos críticos do padrão de movimento. Considerando que em idades avançadas, a atenção e a memória sofrem modificações negativas, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da frequência de CP (100%, 66% e 33%) em indivíduos idosos durante a aquisição do lance livre do basquetebol. Sessenta indivíduos ativos (homens e mulheres) com idades entre 60 a 69 anos de idade, divididos em três grupos experimentais, receberam 100%, 66% e 33% de frequência CP, durante três sessões de prática totalizando 90 tentativas. A tarefa foi o arremesso do lance livro do basquetebol. Aos voluntários foi solicitado que realizassem testes de retenção e transferência 24 horas após a última sessão de prática. Durante a fase de aquisição, os voluntários receberam CP sobre o padrão de movimento referente à tentativa anterior. Esta informação foi obtida através de um checklist que contemplava 14 itens organizados hierarquicamente e auxiliavam na avaliação da qualidade do arremesso. A ANOVA indicou que todos os grupos melhoraram o desempenho da habilidade, particularmente nos testes de retenção e de transferência. Além disso, o grupo que recebeu 66% de freqüência de CP apresentou um desempenho superior em comparação aos demais tanto no padrão de movimento quanto no resultado do arremesso (p0,05). Concluiu-se que idosos necessitam de uma frequência ótima de fornecimento de CP quando aprendem uma habilidade motora / Motor Learning Researchers have been devoted to analyzing the factors that may affect the acquisition of motor skills, with particular emphasis on the effect of feedback, which has been recognized with the practice, as crucial factors for the evolution of performance. It is known that the Knowledge of Performance (KP) has the function of guiding the learner\'s attention to critical aspects of the movement pattern. Whereas in the elderly, attention and memory can become a problem, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of frequency of KP (100%, 66% and 33%) in elderly subjects during the acquisition of the basketball free throw. Sixty active individuals (men and women) aged 60-69 years of age, divided into three experimental groups received 100%, 66% and 33% KP frequency during three practice sessions totaling 90 attempts. The task was the basketball free throw. Volunteers were asked to conduct tests of retention and transfer 24 hours after the last practice session. During the acquisition phase, the volunteers received KP on the movement pattern on the previous attempt, this information was obtained from a qualitative hierarchical checklist of the free throw (14 items). Sessions were recorded in order to confirm whether volunteers were able to score throughout sessions. ANOVA indicated that all individuals showed an improved performance in the retention and transfer tests. But the 66% KP group was superior in both qualitative (movement pattern) and quantitative (score) measurements throughout the trials (p 0.05). In conclusion elderly people seem to need an optimal KP frequency supply during the learning process

O uso do feedback extrínseco ao longo do processo de aquisição de uma habilidade motora tem sido objeto de estudo e, mais recentemente, tem se investigado se o aprendiz é capaz de gerenciar o fornecimento dessas informações. Contudo, a literatura sobre os efeitos do conhecimento de performance (CP) com populações idosas é incipiente e os resultados não são esclarecedores. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi investigar o efeito de um regime de fornecimento de CP autocontrolado na aprendizagem motora de idosos. Foram planejados dois experimentos. O objetivo do Experimento 1 foi investigar o efeito do fornecimento de diferentes tipos de CP (CP descritivo/vídeo-replay e CP prescritivo/verbal) na aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora em idosos. A tarefa utilizada foi a tacada curta do golfe. Participaram deste experimento 36 idosos com média de idade de 65 anos, distribuídos em três grupos experimentais: Presc; Vídeo+Presc; e Vídeo. Os idosos praticaram 120 tacadas a 2,20m do alvo em duas sessões de prática e foram realizados testes de retenção e transferência. A ANOVA encontrou diferenças significantes entre os grupos no desempenho (escore), na amplitude do backswing e forwardswing. O post hoc de Bonferroni mostrou que os grupos Presc e Video+Presc foram superiores ao grupo Vídeo (p<=0,05). Portanto, o CP prescritivo foi responsável pela mudança no padrão de movimento, bem como, na diminuição dos erros. O objetivo do Experimento 2 foi investigar o efeito do fornecimento de CP autocontrolado no processo de aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora em indivíduos idosos. Participaram desse estudo 40 indivíduos com idade entre 60 e 80 anos, divididos em dois grupos: Auto e Yoked. A tarefa utilizada foi a mesma do Experimento 1 e o delineamento experimental contou com testes de retenção (R5 e R24) e transferência (T1 e T2). O desempenho foi avaliado pela pontuação obtida na tacada (escore) e foi realizada a análise cinemática. A ANOVA não detectou diferenças significantes entre os grupos Auto e Yoked nas medidas realizadas (p<=0,05). Além disso, a análise da variabilidade intraindividual mostrou que o grupo Auto variou mais comparado ao grupo Yoked nas medidas de tempo e amplitude do backswing, tempo de preparação e tempo de movimento. Portanto, não houve efeito do regime de CP autocontrolado na aquisição da tacada curta do golfe. A partir do reagrupamento realizado com base na frequência de recebimento de CP, os idosos foram organizados em dois grupos G9 e G55, que receberam CP em 9% e 55% das tentativas, respectivamente. Com a formação dos novos grupos, foram refeitas todas as análises. A análise inferencial encontrou diferenças significantes em praticamente todas as medidas (p<=0,05), mostrando que o G55 apresentou um comportamento qualitativamente superior quando comparado ao G9. Em suma, os resultados corroboram com as pesquisas que investigaram idosos sob uma condição autocontrolada, confirmando que idosos não foram influenciados ao serem inseridos num regime autocontrolado de fornecimento de CP. Além disso, a frequência de fornecimento de CP elevada, ou 55%, parece ser um fator que incrementa o desempenho de idosos / The use of extrinsic feedback throughout the process of acquisition of a motor skill has been a topic of study and, more recently, has investigated if the learner is able to manage the provision of this information. However, the literature on the effects of knowledge of performance (CP) with elderly populations is incipient and the results are not clear. In this sense, the general objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a system for providing self-controlled CP of motor learning in the elderly. Two experiments were planned. The goal of the Experiment 1 was to investigate the effect of the providing of different types of CP (descriptive/video-replay CP and prescriptive/verbal CP) in learning a motor skill in the elderly. The task used was the golf putting. Thirty six elderlies, average age of 65 years, participated in this experiment and were divided into three experimental groups: Presc; Video+Presc; and Video. The elderly practiced 120 strokes to 2.20 m from the target in two practice sessions and tests of retention and transfer were conducted. ANOVA found significant differences between the groups on performance (score), the amplitude of the backswing and forwardswing. Post hoc Bonferroni test showed that Presc and Video+Presc were superior to Video (p <= 0.05). Therefore, CP prescriptive was responsible for the change in the pattern of movement, as well as in the reduction of errors. The goal of the Experiment 2 was to investigate the effect of providing selfcontrolled CP in the acquisition of a motor skill in elderly individuals. Forty 40 individuals aged between 60 and 80 years, participated of this study and were divided into two groups: Auto and Yoked. The task used was the same as that of Experiment 1 and there was retention (R5 and R24) and transfer (T1 and T2) tests. The performance was evaluated by the score obtained in the shot and kinematic analysis was performed. ANOVA did not detect significant differences between groups in the all measures undertaken (p <= 0.05). Furthermore, the analysis showed that intraindividual variability of the Auto group varied more than Yoked in the time and amplitude of the backswing, preparation time and movement time. Therefore, there was no effect of the self-regulated CP in the acquisition of short putt golf. Participants reorganization was carried out based on the frequency of the CP given, and elderly were divided into two groups G9 and G55, who received CP in 9% and 55% in the attempts, respectively. All the analyses were redone. The inferential analysis found significant differences in virtually all measures (p <= 0.05), showing that the G55 presented a qualitatively superior behavior when compared to the G9. In short, the results corroborate with the research that investigated elderly under a selfregulated condition, confirming that the elderly were not influenced by being inserted in a self-controlled system of CP delivery. In addition, the high frequency of providing CP, or 55%, seems to be a factor that increases the performance of the elderly