Rörelse och framkomlighet har alltid spelat en stor roll för samhällsutvecklingen. Människans geografiska räckvidd har ökat mycket under de senaste 50 åren och detta tack vare bilen. Detta har fått vissa konsekvenser såsom glesare städer, miljöförstöring och ökat antal trafikolyckor för att nämna några. Planering av våra transportsystem har skett utan eftertanke och är byggda utan större hänsyn till miljön, vilket är ohållbart och det måste till en förändring i användandet av våra transportsystem. Trafikverket är en svensk statlig organisation som står för den långsiktiga planeringen av det samlande transportsystemet i Sverige. Trafikverket har länge haft en roll som “infrastrukturbyggare”, men vill nu utveckla sin identitet till “samhällsutvecklare”. Detta för att på bästa sätta skapa ett hållbart transportsystem som bidrar till ett hållbart resande.   Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka kompetenser som anses vara viktiga hos en samhällsutvecklare och om kompetenserna hos Trafikverkets Region Mitt skiljer sig jämfört med de förväntade kompetenserna hos en samhällsutvecklare. För att undersöka vilken kompetensnivå Trafikverket Region Mitt hade, skapades ett kunskapstest där fem olika kompetenser testades på alla utom ett verksamhetsområde hos Region Mitt. De kompetenser som testades var kommunikationsförmåga, förhandlingsteknik, pedagogik, samhällsförståelse samt analytisk förmåga. Kunskapsprovet baserades på intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Något som alla intervjuer hade gemensamt var att de intervjuade menade på att en samhällsutvecklares viktigaste egenskap var att ha en bred kompetens. Trafikverket har en viktig roll i samhällsutvecklingen och bör vara samhällsutvecklare. Resultatet visade att alla verksamhetsområdena hade lägst medelpoäng i delmomenten samhällsförståelse och pedagogik samt högst medelpoäng i delmomentet kommunikationsförmåga. Dock visade det sig svårt att bedöma resultat av kunskapstestet, då det var svårt att fastställa validiteten på frågorna. / Movement and mobility has always played a major role in the development of society. Man's geographical reach has increased a lot over the last 50 years thanks to the rising usage of cars. The car has played a central role in community development. This has had certain consequences, such as more sparse cities, environmental degradation and an increased number of traffic accidents to name a few. The planning of our transportation systems have taken place without enough reflection of impact and are built with insufficient regard to the environment, which is unsustainable and must change. Focus on sustainable development has been at a global level for a long time. Because of various social trends the focus has now moved to a more local level, which has led to that local actors have been given a greater responsibility to society development. Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration) is a Swedish governmental organization that stands for long-term planning of the collective transport system in Sweden. Trafikverket has long played the role of "infrastructure builders," but now wants to develop its identity to become "community developers." Which ought to be the best approach to create a sustainable transport system. The purpose of this study was to investigate which competencies are considered important in a community developer and what competencies of Trafikverket Region Mitt is different compared to the expected skills of a community developer. A knowledge test was created to examine the level of competence of Trafikverket Region Mitt. The skills tested were communication skills, negotiation skills, pedagogy, social understanding, and analytical skills. The knowledge test was based on interviews and literature studies. The interviewees believed that a community developers main characteristic was to have a broad expertise and that Trafikverket has an important role in social development and should be community developers. Something that the departments of Region Mitt had in common was that they had lowest score in the tests regarding social understanding and pedagogy, while the highest scores were collected on communication skills. However, the complexity of validating the questions proved it difficult to assess the result of the knowledge test.

Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is growing in significance because of our aging population. It is estimated that one in three New Zealand women over the age of 50 years will suffer from an osteoporotic-related fracture. The risk of osteoporosis among South Asian women living in New Zealand is unknown. However, this is an important and growing population group. The purpose of this study was to determine osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and dietary calcium intake in a sample of South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand. Relationships between these variables and the predictors of dietary calcium intake were examined. A sample of 102 South Asian women (mean age of 41.6 years) completed an online questionnaire to assess osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs using the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), respectively. A four day food diary was used to assess dietary calcium and energy intake. In general, these South Asian women were lacking in osteoporosis knowledge, they did not perceive themselves to be susceptible to osteoporosis and did not consider osteoporosis to be a serious disease. They perceived many benefits of consuming a high calcium diet for the prevention of osteoporosis and did not identify many barriers to dietary calcium intake. In addition, these South Asian women were highly health motivated. Perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake (R=-0.32; P<0.01) and health motivation (R=0.30; P<0.01) were significantly correlated to dietary calcium intake. Health motivation, perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake and the use of a dietary supplement were significant predictors of dietary calcium intake and together explained 27% of the variance. These findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention interventions may need to increase awareness, overcome perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake as well as maintain health motivation among these South Asian women to achieve sufficient dietary calcium intake.

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No description available.

This descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study explored the relationships among the variables self-care action, self-care knowledge, and affiliated individuation and quality of life for persons on chronic warfarin therapy. This study also explored the moderating effects of self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation on quality of life. This research was guided by a theoretical framework based on modeling and role-modeling theory (Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 1983). The sample consisted of 83 adults between the ages of 30 to 91 years. The majority of participants were Caucasian, educated, retired and almost evenly distributed between male and female. Each subject completed the following instruments: the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test, the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), the Basic Needs Satisfaction Inventory (BNSI), and the generic quality of life survey (SF36v2). Data was analyzed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results indicated significant correlations among most of the study variables. Self-care action significantly explained variances in all but two quality of life variables. Self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation had statistically significant moderating effects on the DASS negative impact and hassles/burdens subscales. Self-care knowledge also demonstrated a significant moderating effect on the SF36v2 physical function subscale. These findings support the concepts proposed by the study's theoretical framework. This research serves as validation of Acton's (1997) study findings for the concept of affiliated individuation and its value as a self-care resource in a specific clinical population. / text