The focus of the study is the representation in the Swedish Printed Media, of a group of Romanian beggars, living in Sweden. This research explores the relationship between the visibility of Romanian beggars in the Swedish media and its perceived effects on that group.The study has two dimensions; one which examines the dominant media discourse on Romanian beggars (from the viewpoint of the printed media), and the other, which examines a group of Romanian beggars’ sense-making of their media representation (the Romanian beggars’ angle). It is the first study to research media representation of Romanian beggars from the beggars’ view. The study has academic relevance because it helps understand better how the Romanian beggars in Sweden live and relate to all the media exposure they have. The findings of the study add to the scarce body of media&communication literature about the beggars from Sweden. The study used methods, such as the content analysis of media frames and visual ethnography, as well the analytical category of visibility, as proposed by Brighenti (2007), as its overarching theoretical framework. It also employed second level agenda setting and framing theoretical concepts to complement the Visibility Theory and to develop a customised theoretical model of media visibility for the issue of Romanian beggars. The study’s results reveal that the dominant media discourse uses a mainly negative tone of voice, which elicits an aggressive emotional response from the reader. Furthermore, other findings in the study also suggest that the participants in the study were mostly unaware of their media visibility. Those, who were aware of the power of media visibility, better perceived the potential effects of it, both positive and negative.

Studien undersöker användandet av mobiltelefonen som medieproduktionsverktyg i skapandet av journalistisk tv-produktion. Detta kallas vanligtvis för mojo, vilket är en förkortning av engelskans mobile journalism. Med ett socialsemiotiskt perspektiv undersöks vad mobiltelefonen erbjuder vad gäller möjligheter och begränsningar inom journalistisk medieproduktion och för att göra tvnyheter. Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa förståelse för när det passar bäst att använda mobiltelefonen som produktionsverktyg för att göra tv-nyheter. Mobiltelefonen utvecklades inte för att användas som ett medieproduktionsverktyg inom tv-produktion, men används ändå som just det. Studien tar ett teoretiskt avstamp i begreppet affordans, den möjliga användningen av ett objekt. Affordans syftar på det potentiella användandet av ett objekt eller en resurs, när användandet eller ändamålet hamnar utanför vad som var det förutbestämda syftet. Varje användare har dock olika behov och intressen och uppfattar därför ett objekt olika och kan därför upptäcka olika affordanser i samma objekt. Genom att använda metoden research through design, i mitt fall forskning genom att själv göra medieproduktion, och genom intervjuer med mojo-journalister som jobbar inom public service försöker studien besvara följande frågeställningar: • Vilka affordanser framträder när mobiltelefonen används som medieproduktionsverktyg? • Vilka affordanser hos mobiltelefonen kan användas i journalistiska syften? • I vilka sammanhang lämpar det sig bäst att använda mobiltelefonen som produktionsverktyg inom tv-nyheter - och varför? Resultaten i studien pekar på att det finns en rad affordanser som framträder när mobiltelefonen används för att göra tv-nyheter, bland annat att det är ett diskret verktyg, ett snabbt verktyg, att du alltid har den med dig, billigt, ett verktyg som gör det lätt att jobba själv med mera. En slutsats som dras är att det egentligen alltid passar att använda mobiltelefonen som produktionsverktyg inom tvnyheter - så länge man är medveten om dess för- och nackdelar.

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This master thesis explores the coverage of Swedish NATO membership by three newspapers: Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, and Svenska Dagbladet. The goal is to understand if the Swedish press shifted their reporting following the Social Democrats’ internal shift on NATO membership in April 2022. Through a quantitative content analysis of over 200 articles in 2014 and 2022, this study found that they mostly maintained a neutral stance. By looking through the lenses of political parallelism and testing its indicators, the findings show that the newspapers did not consistently align with their respective political affiliations. Only Svenska Dagbladet seemed to follow its political affiliation, while Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter had numerous neutral articles. The newspapers also provided a neutral space for debate with a diverse panel of authors who were not only journalists and occasionally allowed conflicting stances opposed to their respective political affiliations.

My degree project compares social enterprises and triple bottom line (TBL) businesses,exploring their ability to effectively address the challenges associated with sustainability andsocial impact. The hypothesis of this degree project posits that social enterprises, with theirexplicit focus on creating positive social and environmental outcomes, are better equipped toaddress these challenges compared to TBL businesses, which prioritize profit alongside socialand environmental performance.The study begins with an in-depth analysis of the key concepts of social enterprises andTBL businesses, including their definitions, historical development, and theoretical foundations.The literature review reveals that while both social enterprises and TBL businesses share similargoals of creating positive social and environmental impacts, they differ in their organizationalstructure, governance, and primary purpose.The research then examines the challenges faced by TBL businesses and socialenterprises in achieving their sustainability and social impact goals. These challenges includebalancing financial sustainability with social and environmental objectives, measuring andreporting social impact, and navigating complex stakeholder relationships.The empirical analysis draws on the knowledge and experience of experts in the fields offor-profit, non-profit, and social enterprise companies. These experts are presented withstatements that aim to investigate whether they see a major role for social enterprises inaddressing the social and environmental issues we face as a society and their views on thefuture of social enterprises as a whole.I argue that social enterprises are better positioned to address the challenges faced byTBL businesses. Studies show that social enterprises, with their mission-driven approach, arefound to be more effective in integrating social and environmental considerations into theirbusiness models, measuring and reporting social impact, and engaging stakeholders. Moreover,social enterprises demonstrate greater resilience in pursuing their sustainability goals, despitefinancial constraints. However, there are many challenges to overcome which need to beaddressed to ensure entrepreneurs opt into the social movement.This thesis contributes to the growing body of literature on social enterprises and TBLbusinesses by highlighting the unique strengths of social enterprises in addressing sustainabilityand social impact challenges. The findings provide practical implications for policymakers,practitioners, and stakeholders interested in fostering socially and environmentally responsiblebusiness practices. The study also suggests avenues for future research.

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