Bakgrund Löpning har blivit en allt mer populär motionsform. Skillnader mellan vilka löpförhållanden man springer i finns dock. Löpning utomhus på plant underlag genererar större energiutgifter jämfört med löpning på löpband i samma hastigheter. Det krävs en justering på löpband för att kompensera för den minskade energiåtgången. Syfte Syftet med undersökningen är att kunna ange en lutningsprocent eller en viss hastighetsökning vid löpning på löpbandet för att kompensera för de minskade energiutgifterna jämfört med plattmarkslöpning utomhus. Metod En experimentell studie på 20 vana löpare som deltog i 11 olika löptester i olika förhållanden, utomhus och på löpband. De testades i olika hastigheter och i olika lutningar för att kunna jämföra pulsfrekvens från testerna. Löpbandstesterna jämfördes sedan med löpningen utomhus för att få fram det förhållandet som bäst överensstämmer med plattmarkslöpning. Resultat Resultatet visar att mellan 0.5 % och 1.0 % lutning på bandet bäst kompenserar energiutgifterna jämfört med plattmarkslöpning. 0.5 % lutning är mer överensstämmande för kvinnor, medan 1.0 % passar bäst för män. Samtidigt genom en hastighetsökning på 1 km/h (från 12km/h till 13km/h) kompenseras den minskade energiåtgång vid löpbandslöpningen bäst. Diskussion Resultatet stärker det faktum att löpning på löpband måste kompenseras för att innebära samma energiutgifter som vid löpning utomhus. Att höja hastigheten ger tack vare det linjära sambandet mellan pulsfrekvens och syrekonsumtion en bättre jämförelse mellan de olika förhållandena, vilket även ses vid en ökad lutning. Dock involveras andra muskelgrupper där muskelaktivitet, fotnedsättning, stegfrekvens och rörelsemönster skiljer sig. Det skiljer sig både mellan löpstilarna men också mellan könen vilket innebär att för den tävlingsinriktade löparen är kompensation för energiutgifterna inte det väsentliga och skillnaden mellan stilarna kan leda till att kroppen inte tränas efter rätt ändamål. Justeringar på löpbandet vare sig det handlar om lutning eller hastighetsökning ger en kompensation för de förlorade energiutgifterna vid löpbandslöpning. / Background Running has become an increasingly popular form of exercise. Differences between the running styles you run in exist. Running outdoors on a flat surface generates greater energy expenditure compared to running on a treadmill at the same speed. It requires an adjustment on the treadmill to compensate for the reduced energy consumption. In this experimental study I try to identify a slope percentage or a certain speed boost when running on the treadmill to compensate up for the reduction in energy expenditure compared to flat ground outdoor running Method An experimental study of 20 experienced runners took part in 11 different running tests in various conditions, outdoors and on the treadmill. They were tested at different speeds and in different inclinations in order to compare the pulse rate from the tests. Treadmill tests were then compared with the outdoor run. Results The results show that between 0.5 % and 1.0 % incline on the treadmill best compensates energy expenditure compared with flat ground running. 0.5 % grade is more consistent for women, while 1.0 % best fit for men. Simultaneously, an increase in speed of 1 km/h (from 12km/h to 13km/h) compensates the reduced energy consumption during treadmill running the best. Discussion The results reinforce the fact that running on a treadmill to be compensated for that mean the same energy expenditure during running outdoors. Raising speed gives thanks to the linear relationship between pulse rate and oxygen consumption a better comparison between the different conditions, as seen by an increased slope. However, the involvement of other muscle groups where muscle activity, foot reduction, cadence and movement patterns differ both between the running styles and equality which means that for the competitive runner is compensation for energy expenditure not the essence and the difference between the styles can lead to the body not being trained for the right purpose. But it provides adjustments on the treadmill whether it be on the slope or speed increase to compensate for the lost energy expenditure at treadmill running.

<p>This thesis has focused on the construction of homosexual parenthood in Swedish law and preparatory work. The purpose was to describe the norms about legal parenthood and examine if and how homosexual parenthood was included in the normative parenthood. The study was jurisprudential and based on methods such as sociology with a juridical focus and critical discourse analysis of the juridical texts. The theoretical framework was the critical discourse analysis as well as a queer perspective, both influenced by social constructionism and a poststructional theory. The conclusion of the study is that parenthood is described from what is presumably best for the child, which is two parents of different sexes and biological origin. Homosexual parenthood is described as “good” as heterosexual parenthood, which is described as the norm. Homosexual parenthood is also described as different with flaws in comparison to the norm and for those flaws the homosexuals have to compensate. With a standpoint in queertheory this shows both how homosexual parents are assimilated and excluded from the norm of parenthood.</p>

This thesis has focused on the construction of homosexual parenthood in Swedish law and preparatory work. The purpose was to describe the norms about legal parenthood and examine if and how homosexual parenthood was included in the normative parenthood. The study was jurisprudential and based on methods such as sociology with a juridical focus and critical discourse analysis of the juridical texts. The theoretical framework was the critical discourse analysis as well as a queer perspective, both influenced by social constructionism and a poststructional theory. The conclusion of the study is that parenthood is described from what is presumably best for the child, which is two parents of different sexes and biological origin. Homosexual parenthood is described as “good” as heterosexual parenthood, which is described as the norm. Homosexual parenthood is also described as different with flaws in comparison to the norm and for those flaws the homosexuals have to compensate. With a standpoint in queertheory this shows both how homosexual parents are assimilated and excluded from the norm of parenthood.