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The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding how the social and cultural constructions of UI influences aging Korean American women's help-seeking behavior (HSB). Specific aims are to test the psychometric properties of newly translated Korean versions of instruments and test a conceptual framework derived from a systemic perspective.This study uses a cross-sectional correlation descriptive design to understand relationships among predisposing (culture, health beliefs, and social structure), enabling (family and community resources), and need factors (perceived need) within the framework of socio-structural and cultural context. A sample of 149 Korean American women with UI was recruited from local religious organizations in Arizona. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics and multiple regression to test the conceptual framework.The results of research question one showed that reliabilities of the four newly translated measures and a validity of the Social Support Scale were appropriate to measure HSB among Korean target population. Results of research question two indicated that 35.8% of explained variance in HSB was explained by the conceptual framework. Significant predictors of HSB were severity of UI, Incontinence-quality of life (QOL) and social support. The results of research question four showed that there are moderator effects of enabling factors (health care support and social support) on perceived need (severity of UI and Incontinence-QOL) to facilitate seeking help.It is noteworthy that the notion of UI among Korean American women was influenced by social and cultural construction. Particularly, collectivism of social construction and ageism, and fatalism of cultural construction of UI has permeated to Korean women's beliefs about incontinence.

The purpose of this thesis is to make a critical interpretation of the nature and implications of anti-Confucianism in East Asian political thought by examining the works of two representative anti-Confucianists, Fukuzawa Yukichi and Yi Kwang-su. In terms of its historical significance, Anti-Confucianism can be said to be equivalent to enlightenment thought in eighteenth century, Europe. Yet notwithstanding its importance, there have been few detailed studies of Anti-Confucian thinkers. This study is an examination of the work of two of the most important anti- Confucianist thinkers - Fukuzawa Yukichi in Japan and Yi Kwang-su in Korea. These writers both sought to attack Confucianism in the light of Western political ideas. In doing so, they employed two cardinal Western political concepts: liberal individualism and nationalism. Their theories contributed to a two phased assault on Confucian values: in the first phase, liberal individualism was used to undermine the Confucian emphasis on the family. But while this first wave of opposition weakened Confucianism, it did not destroy it. The second wave of opposition- however, based on nationalism succeeded in redirecting Confucian collectivism into an illiberal nationalistic form. In the writings of both Fukuzawa and Yi this study traces the path of each of these assaults. In both theorists' work, liberal individualism gave way to nationalistic sentiments, thereby exemplifying and contributing to the currents running through their respective societies, Japan and Korea. The thesis has five chapters. The first two chapters are an introduction to the nature of Confucianism. In chapters three and chapter four, which respectively deal with Fukuzawwa,'s and Yi's anti-Confucianism, discussion centres around the following themes: their conceptions of liberal individualism and nationalism; how they reinterpreted Confucianism in the light of their conception of liberal individualism and nationalism, and how they attempted to reconcile the two different demands of liberal individualism and nationalism in their anti-Confucianism. The conclusion of the thesis is that Fukuzaw a's and Yi's anti-Confucianism failed, in that their association of liberal individualism with nationalism led to a jettisoning of the liberal individualism in their later life. This resulted in an insufficient challenge to the Confucian legacy and a constraint on the growth of liberal individualism in the two countries.

This study explores socio-pragmatic aspects of refusals in Korean. Past researches asserted that 1) Korean speakers seldom use direct refusal formulas (e.g., Byon 2003; Lyuh 1994; Sohn 1986) and 2) Korean speakers frequently employ statement of regret/apology when refusing (e.g., Byon 2003; Kwon 2004; Lyuh 1994). Upon analysing 133 refusals drawn from Korean drama data, four generalisations are formulated, two of which are in direct conflict with the findings of past studies. The four generalisations have been further substantiated through survey process of 118 native Korean speakers in Seoul, Korea. Through the use of drama data and reinforcement via surveys, this study proposed that 1) direct refusals (e.g., direct no, negatives willingness/ability) are a common attribute of Korean refusals (showing 23.8% of total semantic formulas in the drama data), to a much greater extent than previously thought. 2) Statement of regret/apology is not a common strategy employed by native Korean speakers (1.9% of total semantic formulas in the drama data) unless a large power and/or distance variable is involved. 3) Positive opinion/feeling (e.g., "I would love to but. .. ") is also not frequently employed by native Korean speakers. 4) Frequent uses of criticism of the request/requester etc. (15.3%) identified in the data were mostly in argumentative contexts and through the results of the survey, we argue that some offrecord strategies are equally strong or stronger than bald-on-record strategies. This study introduces the use of drama as a valuable source of near-natural speech data. To date, the use of drama data in analysing speech acts have been very limited. By analysing drama data, new aspects of Korean refusals have been uncovered. In particular, this study has been found that many of the refusals involve more the augmentation of face threat than its minimisation, unless there is a large power difference and/or a distance to maintain. This is seemingly in contrast to what is assumed in the politeness theory formulated by Brown and Levinson (1987).

Thesis (MA(Science of Religion and Missiology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-131) Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-83).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [224]-231).

Thesis (D. Miss.)--Western Seminary, Portland, Or., 1998. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-202).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-265).

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-83).