Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Health advocacy is a social phenomenon in which individuals and collectives attempt to raise awareness and change opinions and policies about health-related causes. Mental health advocacy is health advocacy to advance treatment, rights, and recognition of people living with a mental health condition. The Internet is reshaping how mental health advocacy is performed on a global scale, by facilitating and broadening the reach of advocacy activities, but also giving more room for opposing mental health advocacy. Another factor contributing to mental health advocacy lies in the cultural underpinnings of mental health in different societies; East Asian countries like South Korea have higher stigma attached to mental health compared to Western countries like the US. This study examines interactions about schizophrenia, a specific mental health diagnosis, on public social media (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) in two different languages, English and Korean, to determine how mental health advocacy and its opposition are expressed on social media. After delineation of a set of keywords for retrieval of content about schizophrenia, three months’ worth of social media posts were collected; a subset of these posts was then analyzed qualitatively using constant comparing with a proposed model describing online mental heath advocacy based on existing literature. Various expressions of light mental health advocacy, such as sharing facts about schizophrenia, and strong advocacy, showcasing offline engagement, were found in English posts; many of these expressions were however absent from the analyzed Korean posts that heavily featured jokes, insults, and criticisms. These findings were used to train machine learning classifiers to detect advocacy and counter-advocacy. The classifiers confirmed the predominance of counter-advocacy in Korean posts compared to important advocacy prevalence in English posts. These findings informed culturally sensitive recommendations for social media uses by mental health advocates and implications for international social media studies in human-computer interaction.

My watercolor paintings on paper is a surrogate portrait of a migrant, both estranged by and familiar with the hybrid cultural predicament symbolized by IKEA and my own distant “ethnic” culture. My intention is to explore my individual identity as a female Korean artist in relation to the complex (visual) histories of different worlds.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for evaluating intelligence of Korean children of age ranges from 9 to 12 in group-test method. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / From the very start of its missionary activity, Protestantism by historical accident coincided with the opening of the Korean nation and subsequent culture contact with the West and social change. Thus, it is nuclear to this dissertation to analyze causally the involvement of Protestantism in the inceptive process of the formation of modern Korea and to study the dynamics and nature of their contact through tracing specifically the influence of Protestantism. Attention is focused on finding out how heterogeneous elements, Protestantism which came to Korea in the same package with Western capitalism, technology, and other phases of Western civilization came to face things Korean. The nature and process of the contact and the extent and direction of mutual accommodation during the inceptive stage of the formation of modern Korea are examined [TRUNCATED]. / 2031-01-01

The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) is a parent-report measure assessing children’s participation and environmental factors across home, school and community. Although the PEM-CY has demonstrated reliability and validity in North America, no studies have yet reported the psychometric properties of a Korean PEM-CY (KPEM-CY). In order to use the PEM-CY in the Korean cultural context, this research developed the KPEM-CY and tested its reliability and validity in the Korean population. Through a unique cross-cultural adaptation guideline, the KPEM-CY was developed. A total of 76% of the participation items and 29% of the environment items were revised to improve their fit with the Korean culture. To examine internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and known group validity of the KPEM-CY, 196 parents of children (80 children with disabilities) aged 5 to 13 years were recruited in the city of Daejeon, South Korea. Internal consistency was found to be moderate to excellent for the summary scores. Test-retest reliability was excellent for participation frequency and extent of involvement across the three settings and moderate to excellent for the home setting. Significant differences were identified in the specific dimensions of children’s participation and environmental factors according to factors of a child and their parents (i.e., disability, child’s age, and type of school). This thesis provides evidence that the KPEM-CY is a reliable and valid measure for Korean children aged 5 to 13 years. The results of this thesis provide an understanding about Korean children’s participation patterns and the impact of environmental factors on their participation. This new knoweldge can assist occupational therapists to set intervention goals and to conduct future studies to improve the participation of Korean children with disabilities. The KPEM-CY also has the potential to be used in population-level studies to compare children’s participation patterns across regions, countries and cultures. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The Korean version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (KPEM-CY) was examined for use with Korean children aged 5 to 13 years through two processes. Firstly, the original PEM-CY was cross-culturally translated to Korean based on the different perspectives of various experts working with children with disabilities. Second, the KPEM-CY was tested to determine whether it is a reliable and valid tool to assess the participation of Korean children with disabilities and the environmental supports or barriers to their participation. Through this process, the participation patterns of Korean children with and without disabilities and environmental factors affecting their participation were identified. These results may help occupational therapists plan intervention goals and could provide the basis for future studies of the participation of Korean children with disabilities. The KPEM-CY could also be used in population-level studies to compare children’s participation patterns across regions, countries, and cultures.

<p dir="ltr">This dissertation explores clear speech which is defined as a specific speaking style people adopt when fluent communication could be compromised for various reasons. Although acoustic properties and their perceptual benefits of clear speech produced by monolingual speakers of English are well documented, there has only been a small body of past research on clear speech produced by non-native speakers despite its importance in informing second language (L2) speech fluency (Lindblom, 1990). Aiming to address the gap, I examined English clear speech produced by native Korean speakers from three different perspectives: its acoustic properties, its perceptual benefits, and crosslinguistic influence in the production of clear speech. Together, the broad question addressed in this dissertation concerns a communicative ability of native Korean speakers in their L2.</p><p dir="ltr">The first experiment investigated how L1 Korean speakers (n = 30) produce clear speech in their L2, English, compared with native English speakers (n = 20) in a laboratory setting where they read a list of English words. I analyzed acoustic parameters of clear speech that could be considered language-universal (e.g., vowel lengthening), and those which could be employed in a more language-specific manner (e.g., enhancement of the phonological voicing contrast). The results indicated that Korean speakers produced clear speech acoustically distinct from casual speech in every property. Furthermore, the directions of acoustic modifications in Korean-accented English clear speech were on par with those of native clear speech. However, the degree of several clear speech modifications was smaller in Korean speakers’ production than in native production. The specific points of divergence between the two groups suggest the influence of Korean speakers’ L1 phonology on their English clear speech.</p><p dir="ltr">The second experiment investigated the perceptual benefits of Korean-accented English clear speech, for both native (n = 64) and non-native (L1 Korean) listeners (n = 64). Four groups of talker–listener combinations were recruited to examine the intelligibility benefit provided by clear speech: native talker–native listener, native talker–non-native listener, non-native talker–native listener, and non-native talker–non-native listener. Listeners were presented with semantically anomalous stimulus sentences (e.g., <i>the wrong room sold the rain</i>), which were mixed with speech-shaped noise at 0dB signal-to-noise ratio. The findings suggested that neither talkers’ L1 nor listeners’ L1 determined the degree of the intelligibility benefit. In other words, Korean-accented English clear speech was as beneficial as native clear speech, and Korean listeners were able to take advantage of clear speech to a similar extent as native English listeners.</p><p dir="ltr">The third experiment investigated the possibility of crosslinguistic influence in Korean-accented English clear speech. English and Korean clear speech was recorded, using six English minimal pairs (e.g., <i>tab </i>vs. <i>dab</i>) and six Korean minimal (or near-minimal) triplets (e.g., <i>t</i><i>h</i><i>ant</i><i>h</i><i>anhata </i>vs. <i>tantanhata </i>vs. <i>t*ant*anhata</i>), from three groups of speakers: late Korean-English bilinguals residing in USA (n = 30), Korean monolinguals (n = 30) living in Korea, and English monolinguals (n = 20). The primary goal was to determine how English and Korean laryngeal contrasts are enhanced in clear speech, and whether non-native speakers would transfer their L1 enhancement strategies to their L2 and vice versa. The results revealed that late bilinguals employed language-specific strategies in each of the two languages. In both languages, they enhanced the acoustic parameter that correlates most strongly with laryngeal contrasts in each of the two languages: VOT and onset f0 in Korean vs. VOT in English. Furthermore, they showed a greater VOT modification in Korean clear speech compared with Korean monolinguals, but a lesser VOT modification in English clear speech compared with English monolinguals, suggesting a possibility of the influence of L2 on L1 production and of L2 on L1 production, as VOT arguably plays a more prominent role in the English phonology.</p><p dir="ltr">Taken together, the overall findings from the three studies demonstrated that late Korean-English bilinguals were successful interlocutors who were able to both produce clear speech and accommodate listeners in their L2. Moreover, they implemented either English-specific or Korean-specific clear speech strategies according to the languages they produced, which indicates their flexibility in the use of appropriate cues across the two languages.</p>

On April 16, 2014, South Korea witnessed one of the worst tragedies in contemporary Korean history. A cruise boat named Sewol carrying 456 passengers—most of them teenage high school students on a field trip—sank into the sea, taking the lives of 304 persons. The nation saw aghast, on multiple media platforms, the abysmal failure of the authorities to rescue them. I analyze the movement that developed in its aftermath: how citizens started to claim their adulthood, united beyond exclusionary familism in sorrow over the failure to protect children who belonged to them all. I explain how they turned their personal grief into political solidarity and started to overcome the rugged individualism and self-reliance that had come to define citizenship in neoliberal Korea. Against the state’s injunction to forget and move on, citizens created memorials and refused to accept the dominant narrative that the authorities had done their best to rescue the children and meticulously started to examine televisual and other records of that day. By their very nature, as public and personal records, these artifacts of memory-keeping are across media and art forms. I do close readings of fiction and documentary films, explore the 24/7 nature of live broadcasts, and analyze artistic responses such as memorial sites, literature, paintings, and sculptures to find in all of them, a deeply felt crisis triggered by the death of children. I find in these collective efforts what I describe as “suspended mourning,” a resolve to suspend the emotional state of grief in search of answers to the reasons not just for the incident but the deep-seated propensity toward obedience ingrained in South Korean upbringing itself. I argue that the catastrophe finally severed the emotional bonds many had with President Park Geun-hye, the daughter of the military dictator Park Jung-hee, who is widely recognized as the father of Korean modernization. The “orphan of the nation,” as Park Geun-hye was referred to, lost the public leniency she had enjoyed until then. It eventually led to the Candlelight Revolution three years later, leading to her impeachment.

The choral music of Hyo-won Woo, the composer of Oh! KOREA, is being widely performed by universities and professional choruses in Korea, as well as throughout the world. The work exhibits Woo's remarkable compositional style, which displays traditional Korean musical influences. Hyo-Won Woo's Oh! KOREA consisting of four movements, is for chorus, two pianos, and both Eastern and Western percussion instruments. Woo's Oh! KOREA employs an excellent introduction to the Korean choral repertoire for Western audiences, rooted in traditional Korean folk tunes. As today's choral conductors, singers, and audience cannot fully appreciate the value of this traditional Korean work and will likely not understand its intended context, it is therefore necessary to provide an in-depth investigation of this work for any conductor considering a performance of this piece. This study includes influences of traditional Korean elements within Oh! KOREA and rehearsal and performance consideration for Western choir directors.