Diagnostic and sampling practices documented in studies of participants with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean journals were investigated. A reliable coding system was used under the supervision of a Korean psychology professor to analyze the diagnostic and sampling documentation practices in articles from high impact Korean journals. Interrater agreement was 88%. Articles in the Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology and the Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatry Association were reviewed and compared with one another and with archival data (Hartley, 2003) from leading American journals. Statistical comparisons were made between Korean psychology and psychiatry journals, Korean and American psychology journals, and Korean and American psychiatry journals. Results showed that important diagnostic practices and criteria are either not being employed or not being documented in Korean journals as well as in American journals. Discussion focuses on recommendations for the international research community.

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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The difficulties attending our understanding of the experience of shame are widely recognized. This work is concerned with the interplay between the experience of shame and religious pathology in Korean culture, especially regarding theological anthropology. Religious pathology implies the sick or distorted faith when people’s belief system or contents, particularly inappropriate God-images and negative self-identity, becomes negatively influenced due to painful experiences of shame. It was hypothesis that the phenomenon of shame in Korean culture needs to be understood in terms of multidimensional perspectives including psychological, sociological, socio-cultural and a theological perspective as well. It was argued that parishioners’ biased understanding of, and response to the experience of shame, is associated with inappropriate God-images and negative selfidentity which hamper spiritual maturity and spiritual growth. The empirical research reported in chapter 5 shows that the parishioners’ experience of shame is associated with disharmony between values and expectations in a specific community. This phenomenon has a huge impact on position (habitus; attitude; aptitude) within cultural contexts. The study proposes the use of a pneumatological model of understanding of God, based on Louw’s four-stage counselling model, in order to respond constructively to an existential problem such as shame within the Korean Presbyterian Church. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ingewikkeldhede verbonde aan ons verstaan van die belewing van skaamte word wyd erken. Hierdie werk is gemoeid met die wisselwerking tussen die belewing van skaamte en godsdienspatologie binne die Koreaanse kultuur, veral met betrekking tot fn teologiese antropologie. Godsdienspatologie impliseer die siek of verwronge geloof wanneer mense se oortuigingsisteem of -inhoude, in die besonder onvanpaste Godsbeelde en negatiewe selfidentiteit, destruktief beinvloed word as gevolg van 'n pynlike en lydingsvolle belewing van skaamte. Daar is gehipotetiseer dat die verskynsel van skande in die Koreaanse kultuur verstaan moet word in terme van multidimensionele benaderings, te wete sielkundige, sosiologiese, sosio-kulturele en teologiese perspektiewe. Daar is geargumenteer dat lidmate se eensydige verstaan van en reaksie op die belewing van skande geassosieer is met onvanpaste Godsbeelde en negatiewe selfidentiteit wat geestelike volwassenheid en spirituele groei belemmer. Die empiriese navorsing waaroor in hoofstuk 5 verslag gedoen is, toon aan dat die lidmate se belewing van skaamte verband hou met diskrepansie tussen waardes en verwagtinge in 'n spesifieke gemeenskap. In die verband speel die kultureel-religeuse agtergrond van Korea 'n deurslaggewende rol. Hierdie verskynsel het fn fundamentele impak op mense se posisie (habitus; hauding; wees-funtsie) binne kulturele kontekste. Die studie stel die gebruik van 'n pneumatologiese model, gebaseer op die vierfase beradingsmodel van Louw, vir die verstaan van God voor om konstruktief te reageer op die eksistensiele probleem van skaamte binne die Koreaans-Presbiteraanse Kerk.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Few studies have examined the relationships among personal factors, acculturative stress, coping resources, and depression of Korean immigrant elders residing in areas without any Korean ethnic enclave. Based on the stress and coping model and the sociocultural model of stress, coping, and adaptation, this cross-sectional study examined the relationships among acculturative stress, coping, and depression in 111 non-institutionalized Korean immigrant elders aged 60 and older residing in areas without any Korean ethnic enclaves in three neighboring states of Southwestern Ohio, North Central Region of Kentucky, and Southern Indiana. A majority of convenience and snowball sample participated in self-administered mailed surveys, and a remaining few used phone surveys and personal interviews. Multiple regression analyses indicate that social support is the strongest predictor of depression, followed by somatization and acculturative stress. Principal component analysis indicates that the participants appraised limited English proficiency as the most stressful aspect of acculturative stress. Path analyses further reveal that acculturative stress had the largest total effect on depression and partially mediated the effect of the level of acculturation on depression. The results also show that social support had the large direct effect on depression and partially mediated the effect of acculturative stress on depression. Unexpectedly, religiosity was not a predictor of depression and did not have any effect on depression. Interestingly, somatization had the positive direct effect on depression. This study suggests that the level of acculturation, socioeconomic status and social support may influence acculturative stress and depression negatively; however, acculturative stress is the most significant risk factor for depression among the participants, decreasing coping efficacy of social support and increasing somatic symptoms. Implications for future research and practice are examined on social support from family and friends and on acculturative stress. It seems that culturally relevant programs and services are important vehicles through which to enhance personal resources and social support and reduce lingual and cultural barriers among Korean immigrant elders residing in areas without any Korean ethnic enclave.