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This paper is a study of the major influence of the German philosophy, Krausism, in the writings of Benito Perez Galdds. The study is an analysis of the effects of this ideology on Spain and her people, as illustrated in the works of the most representative writer of the nineteenth century in that country. Also included is a discussion of historical incidents of the period which is necessary to place the acceptance of both this philosophy and the works of Perez Galdos in its proper perspective.

According to WHO, leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries, and has been placed ninth in a global analysis of infectious diseases. Treatment of leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonials but toxicity and developing resistance have been reported. Traditional medicine and scientific studies have shown that the extract of Galipea longiflora Krause (Evanta) exhibits antileishmanial activity. We hypothesized that the healing observed when using this plant might not only be due to the direct action on the parasite, but possibly to a parallel effect on the host immune response. We found that an alkaloid extract of Evanta (AEE) inhibited the growth of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes while viability of eukaryotic cells was practically not affected. We also found that AEE interfered with polyclonal activation or Leishmania-specific re-stimulation of lymphocytes, as revealed by a reduction of in vitro cellular proliferation and IFN-g production. More important, AEE treatment of mice hosting L. braziliensis showed that AEE is able to control both inflammation and parasite load. Additionally, the healing process was improved when AEE and meglumine antimoniate were administered simultaneously. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in T-cell stimulation and polarization of naïve T cells. Therefore, we investigated if AEE could alter the activation of DCs and if allostimulatory DCs properties were altered if activated in the presence of AEE. DCs activated in the presence of AEE reduced the production of IL-12p40 and IL-23. When we analyzed the allostimulatory capacity of AEE-treated DCs, we found that allogeneic CD4+ T-cells secreted lower levels of IFN-γ. In conclusion, this thesis provides valuable insight into the effects of Evanta derived extract. The dual effect found for AEE, on Leishmania parasite and on the immune response, suggests that AEE may be useful in controlling the parasite burden and preventing over-production of inflammatory mediators and subsequently avoiding tissue damage. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Accepted. Paper 3: Submitted.</p>

The diploma thesis deals with political satire in the Show Jana Krause at the time of selected elections in the Czech Republic in the years 2010-2019. Altogether six sub-periods in which the chosen elections were held were examined, which means that the general sample of episodes of the Show Jana Krause is formed from six smaller samples. The aim of the work was to find out what form political satire had in the show in the monitored period, how often it appeared in it and which political actors were most often its target. The research method was a quantitative content analysis with the help of which the work seeks answers to the following four research questions. RQ1: How much space was devoted to political satire in the Show Jana Krause? RQ2: What elements of political satire does the Show Jana Krause use? RQ3: What politicians, or which political subjects were most often satirically portrayed on the show? RQ4: What topics did political satire on the Show Jana Krause focus on the most? The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter theoretically defines key concepts and outlines the history of political satire. The second chapter deals in more detail with the genre of television political satire and its development, especially with a focus on the Czech environment. The intention of the...

The theoretical section of the thesis Comparison of the misanthropic Show Jana Krause and the philanthropic Mark Eben's show Na plovárně aims to characterize the talk show genre both abroad and in the Czech Republic. It briefly outlines the development of the genre and its arrival in the Czech television stations. It also gives a definition of a presenter, describes the ways of communication, construction of the interviews with the guests, their selection, introduces Jan Kraus and Marek Eben and characterises both talk shows - Na Plovárně and Show Jana Krause. The practical section deals with an analysis of production in which interviews with representatives of both production teams are analysed. A qualitative analysis aims to answer the question: "How do the philanthropic and misanthropic concepts of the talk show differ, from the perspective of content and production intentions?" The conclusion contains a summary of the collected data.

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll zur Forschung zur Einwirkung deutscher Baukultur duntersucht den Beitrag der deutschen Einwanderung der Architetkturgeschichte Porto Alegres beitragen indem sie die Eigentümlichkeit, die das Stadtbild durch das Miteinander luso-brasilianischer und deutscher Kultur erhalten hat. Sie stellt Wohnungsbauten von vier Archietkten deutschen Ursprung vors, die Anfang des 20ten Jahrhunderts nach Rio Grande do Sul gekommen waren. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger und Gerhard Krause waren vier von circa einhundert deutschen Architekten und Bauunternehmern die zur Zeit der Velha Rebublica in Rio Grande do Sul wirkten. Da alle vier in Deutschland studierten und arbeiten bevor sie nach Brasilien kamen, ist ihr brasilianisches Werk von Einflüssen deutscher Architektur geprägt, deren Vorstellung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist . Basierend auf allgemeinen Informationen über die damals aktuellen Ströhmungen in Deutschland, über die Lehranstalten und die Städte die sie kannten – im Falle von Rieth auch über in Deutschland gebaute Werke – versucht die vorliegende Arbeit einen neuen Blick auf das rio-grandensische Werk dieser Deutschen zu lenken, die auf bemerkenswerte Weise zur allmählichen Aufgabe der historistischen Architektur und zur Suche nach formal und räumlich neuen Lösungsansätzen beigetragen haben. / O presente trabalho retoma o tema da contribuição da imigração alemã à arquitetura no Rio Grande do Sul, tema já estudado nas últimas décadas, sobretudo por Günter Weimer, buscando agora avançar na análise de elementos e características arquitetônicas que foram trazidas da Alemanha e influenciaram a produção local. Para isto, a pesquisa examina em particular os casos de quatro arquitetos imigrantes alemães, seus contextos de origem e formação na Alemanha e sua produção arquitetônica habitacional aqui no estado nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger e Gerhard Krause foram quatro de aproximadamente uma centena de arquitetos e construtores alemães, ou germânicos, que atuaram no estado durante a Republica Velha. Como todos eles estudaram e trabalharam na Alemanha antes de sua vinda para o Brasil, sua obra aqui é marcada pela influência alemã, objeto desta pesquisa. Com o estudo, portanto, de seus contextos de origem, sobre os movimentos de cultura na Alemanha da época, sobre as instituições de ensino, as cidades que conheciam e a produção arquitetônica que lhes pode ter servido de referência – no caso de Rieth, também através da apresentação de obras construídas na Alemanha –, o presente trabalho pretende estimular um novo olhar sobre a obra rio-grandense destes alemães, com análises de projetos de casas e prédios habitacionais, que contribuíram para o paulatino abandono da arquitetura eclética, rumo a novas soluções formais e espaciais. / The present work reexamines the contribution of German immigration to the architecture of Rio Grande do Sul, a subject which has already been studied in the past few decades chiefly by Günter Weimer, now aiming at expanding the analyses of the architectural elements and characteristics which were brought from Germany and influenced the local production. This research thus examines in particular the cases of four German architects who came to Brazil in the early 20th century, their contexts of origin and architectural training in Germany, and their projects of houses in Rio Grande do Sul during the first decades of the that century. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger and Gerhard Krause were four of about a hundred architects and builders of German origin that worked at the time of the República Velha (1889-1930) in Rio Grande do Sul, southernmost state of Brazil. Since all four of them had studied and worked in Germany before coming to Brazil, their Brazilian work is marked by German influences, the object of this study. Thus, with the study of their contexts of origin, about the German cultural movements of the time, about architectural institutions and training, the towns they knew and the architectural production which may have influenced their own – and, in the case of Rieth, looking also at the works he built in Germany –, this paper tries, analysing projects of houses, to shed a new light on the Brazilian work of these Germans, who contributed to the progressive abandonment of the architecture of Eclecticism, thus searching for a new formal and spatial approach to architecture.

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll zur Forschung zur Einwirkung deutscher Baukultur duntersucht den Beitrag der deutschen Einwanderung der Architetkturgeschichte Porto Alegres beitragen indem sie die Eigentümlichkeit, die das Stadtbild durch das Miteinander luso-brasilianischer und deutscher Kultur erhalten hat. Sie stellt Wohnungsbauten von vier Archietkten deutschen Ursprung vors, die Anfang des 20ten Jahrhunderts nach Rio Grande do Sul gekommen waren. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger und Gerhard Krause waren vier von circa einhundert deutschen Architekten und Bauunternehmern die zur Zeit der Velha Rebublica in Rio Grande do Sul wirkten. Da alle vier in Deutschland studierten und arbeiten bevor sie nach Brasilien kamen, ist ihr brasilianisches Werk von Einflüssen deutscher Architektur geprägt, deren Vorstellung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist . Basierend auf allgemeinen Informationen über die damals aktuellen Ströhmungen in Deutschland, über die Lehranstalten und die Städte die sie kannten – im Falle von Rieth auch über in Deutschland gebaute Werke – versucht die vorliegende Arbeit einen neuen Blick auf das rio-grandensische Werk dieser Deutschen zu lenken, die auf bemerkenswerte Weise zur allmählichen Aufgabe der historistischen Architektur und zur Suche nach formal und räumlich neuen Lösungsansätzen beigetragen haben. / O presente trabalho retoma o tema da contribuição da imigração alemã à arquitetura no Rio Grande do Sul, tema já estudado nas últimas décadas, sobretudo por Günter Weimer, buscando agora avançar na análise de elementos e características arquitetônicas que foram trazidas da Alemanha e influenciaram a produção local. Para isto, a pesquisa examina em particular os casos de quatro arquitetos imigrantes alemães, seus contextos de origem e formação na Alemanha e sua produção arquitetônica habitacional aqui no estado nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger e Gerhard Krause foram quatro de aproximadamente uma centena de arquitetos e construtores alemães, ou germânicos, que atuaram no estado durante a Republica Velha. Como todos eles estudaram e trabalharam na Alemanha antes de sua vinda para o Brasil, sua obra aqui é marcada pela influência alemã, objeto desta pesquisa. Com o estudo, portanto, de seus contextos de origem, sobre os movimentos de cultura na Alemanha da época, sobre as instituições de ensino, as cidades que conheciam e a produção arquitetônica que lhes pode ter servido de referência – no caso de Rieth, também através da apresentação de obras construídas na Alemanha –, o presente trabalho pretende estimular um novo olhar sobre a obra rio-grandense destes alemães, com análises de projetos de casas e prédios habitacionais, que contribuíram para o paulatino abandono da arquitetura eclética, rumo a novas soluções formais e espaciais. / The present work reexamines the contribution of German immigration to the architecture of Rio Grande do Sul, a subject which has already been studied in the past few decades chiefly by Günter Weimer, now aiming at expanding the analyses of the architectural elements and characteristics which were brought from Germany and influenced the local production. This research thus examines in particular the cases of four German architects who came to Brazil in the early 20th century, their contexts of origin and architectural training in Germany, and their projects of houses in Rio Grande do Sul during the first decades of the that century. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger and Gerhard Krause were four of about a hundred architects and builders of German origin that worked at the time of the República Velha (1889-1930) in Rio Grande do Sul, southernmost state of Brazil. Since all four of them had studied and worked in Germany before coming to Brazil, their Brazilian work is marked by German influences, the object of this study. Thus, with the study of their contexts of origin, about the German cultural movements of the time, about architectural institutions and training, the towns they knew and the architectural production which may have influenced their own – and, in the case of Rieth, looking also at the works he built in Germany –, this paper tries, analysing projects of houses, to shed a new light on the Brazilian work of these Germans, who contributed to the progressive abandonment of the architecture of Eclecticism, thus searching for a new formal and spatial approach to architecture.

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll zur Forschung zur Einwirkung deutscher Baukultur duntersucht den Beitrag der deutschen Einwanderung der Architetkturgeschichte Porto Alegres beitragen indem sie die Eigentümlichkeit, die das Stadtbild durch das Miteinander luso-brasilianischer und deutscher Kultur erhalten hat. Sie stellt Wohnungsbauten von vier Archietkten deutschen Ursprung vors, die Anfang des 20ten Jahrhunderts nach Rio Grande do Sul gekommen waren. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger und Gerhard Krause waren vier von circa einhundert deutschen Architekten und Bauunternehmern die zur Zeit der Velha Rebublica in Rio Grande do Sul wirkten. Da alle vier in Deutschland studierten und arbeiten bevor sie nach Brasilien kamen, ist ihr brasilianisches Werk von Einflüssen deutscher Architektur geprägt, deren Vorstellung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist . Basierend auf allgemeinen Informationen über die damals aktuellen Ströhmungen in Deutschland, über die Lehranstalten und die Städte die sie kannten – im Falle von Rieth auch über in Deutschland gebaute Werke – versucht die vorliegende Arbeit einen neuen Blick auf das rio-grandensische Werk dieser Deutschen zu lenken, die auf bemerkenswerte Weise zur allmählichen Aufgabe der historistischen Architektur und zur Suche nach formal und räumlich neuen Lösungsansätzen beigetragen haben. / O presente trabalho retoma o tema da contribuição da imigração alemã à arquitetura no Rio Grande do Sul, tema já estudado nas últimas décadas, sobretudo por Günter Weimer, buscando agora avançar na análise de elementos e características arquitetônicas que foram trazidas da Alemanha e influenciaram a produção local. Para isto, a pesquisa examina em particular os casos de quatro arquitetos imigrantes alemães, seus contextos de origem e formação na Alemanha e sua produção arquitetônica habitacional aqui no estado nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger e Gerhard Krause foram quatro de aproximadamente uma centena de arquitetos e construtores alemães, ou germânicos, que atuaram no estado durante a Republica Velha. Como todos eles estudaram e trabalharam na Alemanha antes de sua vinda para o Brasil, sua obra aqui é marcada pela influência alemã, objeto desta pesquisa. Com o estudo, portanto, de seus contextos de origem, sobre os movimentos de cultura na Alemanha da época, sobre as instituições de ensino, as cidades que conheciam e a produção arquitetônica que lhes pode ter servido de referência – no caso de Rieth, também através da apresentação de obras construídas na Alemanha –, o presente trabalho pretende estimular um novo olhar sobre a obra rio-grandense destes alemães, com análises de projetos de casas e prédios habitacionais, que contribuíram para o paulatino abandono da arquitetura eclética, rumo a novas soluções formais e espaciais. / The present work reexamines the contribution of German immigration to the architecture of Rio Grande do Sul, a subject which has already been studied in the past few decades chiefly by Günter Weimer, now aiming at expanding the analyses of the architectural elements and characteristics which were brought from Germany and influenced the local production. This research thus examines in particular the cases of four German architects who came to Brazil in the early 20th century, their contexts of origin and architectural training in Germany, and their projects of houses in Rio Grande do Sul during the first decades of the that century. Hermann Menchen, Julius Rieth, Franz Filsinger and Gerhard Krause were four of about a hundred architects and builders of German origin that worked at the time of the República Velha (1889-1930) in Rio Grande do Sul, southernmost state of Brazil. Since all four of them had studied and worked in Germany before coming to Brazil, their Brazilian work is marked by German influences, the object of this study. Thus, with the study of their contexts of origin, about the German cultural movements of the time, about architectural institutions and training, the towns they knew and the architectural production which may have influenced their own – and, in the case of Rieth, looking also at the works he built in Germany –, this paper tries, analysing projects of houses, to shed a new light on the Brazilian work of these Germans, who contributed to the progressive abandonment of the architecture of Eclecticism, thus searching for a new formal and spatial approach to architecture.

The cantata A World Without War (2009), by Armenian-born composer Edward Manukyan (b. 1981), was written, in part, to support increased awareness of human rights issues. Based on a quote from linguist and philosopher Noam Chomsky (b. 1928), the narrative of the cantata states: "We can, for example, be fairly confident that either there will be a world without war or there won't be a world." In addition to Chomsky's words, the cantata excerpts quotes of two additional literary giants advocating human rights, Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), and Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989). The purpose of this dissertation is to focus attention on human rights activism; using Manukyan's A World Without War, I highlight moral and ethical questions at the center of this work and explain how this cantata embraces the ideal of moral cosmopolitanism. I strongly believe in the importance of human rights for all citizens of the world, and the role music plays in advancing its cause through performance arts.

Lotzdorfer Fluren haben bedeutsame Bodendenkmale in Form von ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Funden freigegeben, die von der der „Fachgruppe Heimatforschung Radeberg im Kulturbund der DDR“ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ur- und Frühgeschichte) geborgen und konserviert worden sind. Der Beitrag beschreibt einige dieser Aktivitäten.