AN ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE This diploma thesis regards poems of Bohuslav Reynek and Pierre Jean Jouve with a prism of fire and blood motives. The analysis is focused on their early works, i.e. on Bohuslav Reynek's Thirsts and Pierre Jean Jouve's Les Noces. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical ones. The theoretical part gives the view into problematics of blood and fire motives. It is encouraged with several theories, such as literary (Bachelard), psychoanalytic (Jung) and theological (Spidlik). The second chapter of theoretical part sums up already existing perception of the analysed texts, with the main focal point on the motives. This aim fulfils either Med's and Putna's interpretations of Reynek or Pic's and Kelly's interpretations of Jouve. The main part of the diploma thesis is then seen in the analysis of motives itself. The author of the diploma thesis searches for different representations of these motives, e.g. flaming tongues of fire (the symbol of the Holy Spirit), a pierced heart of Jesus Christ and Virgin Mary equally as their mixing, such as flaming heart, bloody sun etc. In the results of this diploma thesis there is summarised the analysis of these topoi - fire and blood and their different realisations in each work of the poets. Their attitude...

For the successful food intake by organisms that feed on blood is essentials presence of antihaemostatic molecules such as vasodilators, anticoagulant molecules and apyrases., Although members of family Diplozoidae (Heteronchoinea) are blood-feeding parasites on the gills of the fish, these molecules, that could disrupt host hemostasis, have not yet been identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to find molecules with potential anticoagulant activity in homogenates of whole worm bodies and excretory/secretory products of the members of family Diplozoidae. Furthermore perform bioinformatics analysis of sequences obtained from transcriptom project of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Heteronchoinea: Diplozoidae) and selected proteins (protein domain) then expressed in a recombinant form. We tested inhibitory activity in excretory-secretory products and homogenates of members family Diplozoidae towards coagulation factors IIa and Xa and their specific fluorogenic with 4 negative and 1 positive results. From the results of two transcriptome analysis we discovered three protein families of potential anticoagulants - annexins, serpins and Kunitz-domain proteins. For further analyses we focused on the Kunitz protein family. These proteins contain one or more structurally related active domains which are able to...

The prevalence of allergy is increasing and it is becoming a serious problem not on- ly in medicine, but also in social and economic terms. The most effective way to minimize the development of allergic diseases is preventive measures. In recent years, many studies have attempted to confirm or rebut the hypothesis that early administration of probiotic bacteria to newborns and pregnant women before birth could have preventive effects on the development of allergy. In the Czech Republic, the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EC O83), being registered with the State Health Institute for Drug Control under the name Colinfant Newborn, has long been used to prevent allergies and paediatri- cians have long been known and used it against various diarrhoea. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of EC O83 on CBMC (cord blood mononuclear cells) and to compare the ability of CBMC of healthy mothers (children with a relatively low risk of developing allergic disease) and allergic mothers (children at high risk of developing allergies) to form cytokines in response to EC O83 stimulation. Phytohemagglutinin was used as a positive control, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 was used as a reference probiotic strain, which is much more known abroad than EC O83. Cytokine production was detected by...

(EN) Reduced microbial stimulation of an immature neonatal immune system can lead to a poor balance adjustment of immune responses, thus contributing to the development of allergic diseases, whose incidence continues to rise. One of the promising precautionary measures seems to be an early preventive administration of probiotic bacteria to pregnant or nursing mothers, or to newborns. Previous works have described a beneficial effect of Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (E. coli O83) in the prevention of allergic diseases. In order to contribute to the clarification of E. coli O83 effects on the neonatal immune system, its immune- modulating properties were tested in vitro on umbilical cord blood cells. The ability of E. coli O83 to support the maturation of in vitro-derived dendritic cells from cord blood precursors (moDCs) of the children of healthy (children with a relatively low risk of allergy) and allergic (children at a relatively high risk of developing allergies) mothers was tracked by flow cytometry, qPCR and ELISA. Probiotic bacteria-stimulated moDCs were subsequently cultured with autologous naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and immune response polarization was also characterised by flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA. It was evident from the results that E. coli O83 promoted moDCs maturation. The presence of...

Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá přípravou a charakterizací vzorků z kompozitního kostního cementu na bázi fosforečnanu vápenatého (CPC). V teoretické části jsou popsány vlastnosti a struktura fosforečnanů vápenatých, včetně jejich interakce s tělním prostředím. Experimentální část nejdříve popisuje stanovení optimální techniky přípravy vzorků pomocí experimentů prováděných v ultračisté vodě. Optimální technika pro vytvrzování zahrnuje použití formy z paměťové pěny, ukončení vytvrzovacích reakcí pomocí absolutního chladného etanolu a sušení vzorků ve vakuové sušárně. Následně je v práci popsána příprava vzorků a proces vytvrzování CPC jak v přirozeném (prasečí krev), tak v prostředí simulovaných tělních tekutin (fyziologický roztok, Hankův a Ringerův roztok). Byla provedena morfologická studie pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM) pro vzorky vytvrzené 1 den, 1 týden, 2 týdny a 1 měsíc kvůli očekávané významné změně v jejich krystalické struktuře, která byla taktéž zkoumána pomocí rentgenové difrakce (XRD), stanovující přeměnu -fosforečnanu vápenatého na kalcium deficitní hydroxyapatit (CDHA). Porozita vzorků byla zkoumána rentgenovou mikrotomografií (-CT) a vzorky vytvrzené v krvi vykazovaly mírně vyšší porozitu. Mechanické vlastnosti CPC vzorků byly zkoumány pomocí mechanických kompresních testů. Výsledky testů ukázaly stabilní pevnost cementových vzorků vytvrzených ve fyziologickém roztoku už po jednom dni vytvrzování, zatímco vzorky vytvrzené v krvi vykazovaly nárůst pevností dokonce i po jednom měsíci vytvrzování. Naopak pevnost vzorků vytvrzených jak v Hankově, tak v Ringerově roztoku rychle klesla po 2 týdnech vytvrzování pravděpodobně důsledkem mírně kyselého pH vytvrzovacích roztoků, které urychluje rozpad CPC vzorků. Výsledky práce ukazují významný vliv vytvrzovacích prostředí na vlastnosti CPC kostních cementů. Vzorky vytvrzené v krvi oproti vzorkům vytvrzených v umělé tělní plazmě vykázaly lepší vlastnosti, protože krev imituje in vivo podmínky.

Hemocoagulation, blood coagulation, is an important indicator of hemostatic balance in the human body. There are many ways how to investigate blood clotting. In practice, next to the tests investigating time of coagulation cascade from view of internal way (APTT – activated partial tromboplastin time) and external way (PT – prothrombin time) is often used determining of fibrinogen concentration by Clauss method. Derived fibrinogen method determined fibrinogen concentration, too, by subtracting form the clotting curve in PT test. The reaction for Clauss method is not necessary here. Derived fibrinogen is not used much in practice. This is the reason, why the thesis related to this project will try to find relationship between concentration of fibrinogen and standard tests APTT and PT. Clinical data will be used for this.

The diploma thesis is aimed at the constructional design of diaphragm pumps with a linear motor. This pump is supposed to be used in medicine for pumping the blood or as an artificial heart. The basic facts, which are focused on the function of the heart and artificial heart, are mentioned in the first parts of the thesis. The next parts describe the diaphragm pumps and the constructional ways of their diaphragm fixation. Furthermore, the basic calculations, describing the function of the pump, are derived there. The basic parameters of the pump are also calculated. The thesis also contains the description of the body pump construction, whose working room is optimized by CFD calculation before the pump is manufactured. The final part of the thesis is concentrated on the measurement evaluation of produced pump model.

In the beginning we outline some important properties of blood and de- scribe it from the biological point of view. In the next section we show how we derived our model based on the mixture theory. For the final model we suggest a mathematical method based on the finite element method and subject it to tests for flow in a simple domain. In the middle part we prove the existence of solution for a model with simplified constitutive relation for the stress tensor, which still includes an anisotropic model for the platelet diffusion. In the last section we show numerical results. We start with sim- ple testing computations in simple domains, followed by computations in a two-dimensional simulation of an aneurysm, and narrowed blood vessel re- spectively. In the end we also show some illustrative computations in three dimensions. 1

Allergy is one of the most common diseases. Identification of early prognostic markers pointing to an increased risk of allergy development is therefore of increasing importance. Cord blood represents an easily attainable clinical material for searching for prognostic markers signalizing future allergy development. Proportions of Th1 cytokines, Th2 cytokines and regulatory cytokines were tested in cord blood of children of allergic mothers (children in relatively high risk of allergy development) in comparison with cord blood of children of healthy mothers (low risk children). Also the activities of lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory cells (Tregs) were compared in children of healthy and allergic mothers. The generally increased activity of both in vitro stimulated and non-stimulated mononuclear cord blood leukocytes was proved in children of allergic mothers in comparison with low risk children. The increased activity of DC of high risk children was detectable only after polyclonal stimulation. Significantly less pronounced functional properties of cord blood Tregs were found in children of allergic mothers when compared with children of healthy mothers. The increased reactivity of lymphocytes and DC together with the decreased activity of Tregs can support an easier...

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with altered gene expression. This work compares miRNA gene expression profiles among various biological sources - whole peripheral venous blood (whole PB), plasma and plasma exosomes. For all tested groups combined, the expression levels of miRNA were maximal in whole PB and lowered in plasma and plasma exosomes, and the expression levels of miRNA were higher in plasma than in plasma exosomes, except miR-126-3p, which had a higher level detected in plasma exosomes compared to plasma. This work also compares expression levels of cardiovascular miRNA between women with anamnesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and physiological gravidity 3-11 years postpartum in whole PB, plasma and plasma exosomes. In whole PB, 12 of 29 tested miRNAs were up-regulated in women with prior exposure to GDM. MiR-181a-5p was up-regulated in plasma exosomes and miR-499a-5p in plasma in women with prior exposure to GDM. The changes in whole peripheral venous blood seem to reflect the complex systemic response to the changes that occurred during the onset of GDM. Women with aberrant epigenetic profiles may...