There are localised proteins (so-called urate transporters) in the renal proximal tubules and in the intestine, which excrete and reabsorb uric acid. Polymorphisms in the genes coding these proteins can result in the disruption of the transport function and development of hyperuricemia and gout. However the serum level of uric acid is also determined by other factors which include the intake of exogenous purines in food, synthesis of endogenous purines and degradation of nucleic acids, but also certain conditions. In 250 patients with primary hyperuricemia and gout we used Sanger sequencing to analyse the exons and adjacent intron regions in ten genes coding urate transporters: ABCG2, ABCC4, SLC2A9, SLC22A12, SLC22A11, SLC22A13, SLC17A1, SLC17A3, SLC22A6 and SLC22A8. We examined a possible connection between the identified genetic variants and primary hyperuricemia and gout based on a comparison of allele frequencies with the European population, according to topological models, according to programs predicting the functional impacts of variants and searches in specialised literature. We also took into account the conclusions of functional studies analysing the impact of nonsynonymous variants in the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 genes. We also focused on the effect of the concomitant occurrence of several...

In the diploma thesis, overviews of the existing literature focused on the gelcasting method and based on the findings were prepared aqueous slurries of zirconium oxide for gelcasting method. These suspensions were examined for the influence of the content ceramics powder, type and content of dispersants and volume of initiator on viscosity of aqueous suspensions and process of polymerization. Optimum ceramic suspension had 45 vol.% of ceramic powder which was stabilized by 0,5 weight % of dispersant Dolapix CE 64. Polymerization running at room temperature was initiated by 0,175 weight % of ammonium persufate without accelerator. Microstructure of prepared ceramic blanks and sintered bodies was compared with body prepared by isostatic pressing. For the machining tests were prepared blanks in disc-shaped.

This diploma thesis deals with layers of tungsten oxide, which are prepared from a nanoparticle suspension and a binder. The coating composition consisted in the first case of ground tungsten oxide nanoparticles alone, then of acetylated peroxotungstic acid alone and finally of a mixture of ground tungsten oxide mixed with acetylated peroxotungstic acid. The compositions thus formed were applied to conductive FTO glass and thus act as photoanodes. A stainless steel needle is used as a counter electrode for volt-ampere measurements. The work focuses on the study of physicochemical properties of prepared photoanodes and their optimalization in order to obtain the highest possible values of generated photocurrents. The electrical properties of all cells were determined using voltammetric characteristics.

This thesis is focused on folic acid and its preventive effects on human health. Folic acid has many important functions in the human body and is especially important during pregnancy. It is essential for the proper development of the fetus and its adequate intake is the prevention of serious congenital malformations, such as neural tube defects, premature birth, abortion and other pathologies. The increased need for this vitamin is not easy to supplement with a regular diet. It is therefore recommended to take it in the form of food supplements (400-600 µg/day) during pregnancy and at least one month before the planned conception. For these reasons, it is necessary to focus on supporting the primary prevention of folic acid use, preferably in all fertile women. Folic acid also plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis and the main manifestation of its deficiency is megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is further associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and cancer diseases and influencing the development of cognitive functions. The practical part of this thesis was focused on monitoring the saturation of pregnant women with this vitamin. The work contains a laboratory analysis of the content of the metabolite folic acid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the urine of pregnant women in order to...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis Author: Petr Šlechta Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Jan Zitko, Ph.D. Consultant: MSc. Ghada Basem Bouz, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Derivatives combining the fragment of pyrazinamide and 4-aminosalicylic acid as antimycobacterial compounds According to WHO, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious organism worldwide and the number of cases with drug resistant TB is still increasing, creating the need for new antituberculotics. Therefore, we report design, synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of hybrid compounds combining different pyrazinamide derivates and p- aminosalicylic acid as potential antituberculotic agents. The compounds were prepared by mixing different pyrazinecarboxylic acids, after activation by 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, with p- aminosalicylic acid in dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent. Obtained compounds were in vitro tested for their antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis H37Ra and four other mycobacterial strains. Prepared compounds were also in vitro screened for antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic (HepG2) activity. Most compounds showed antimycobacterial activity in range of...

Disertační práce se zabývá experimentálním studiem viskosuplementů na bázi kyseliny hyaluronové, které se aplikují do synoviálních kloubů postižených osteoartrózou. Hlavní pozornost byla věnována objasnění vlivu koncentrace a molekulové hmotnosti kyseliny hyaluronové na tření v kontaktu kloubí chrupavky resp. změnám tření v kontaktu po smíchání osteoartritické synoviální kapaliny s exogenní kyselinou hyaluronovou. Důležitou součástí experimentů bylo rovněž studium reologických vlastností synoviální kapaliny a kyseliny hyaluronové. Výsledky ukázaly, že molekulová hmotnost kyseliny hyaluronové významně ovlivňuje viskozitu a viskoelastické vlastnosti roztoku. Výrazná závislost mezi reologickými vlastnostmi kyseliny hyaluronové a třením v kontaktu však nebyla pozorována. Přimíchání kyseliny hyaluronové do synoviální kapaliny způsobí výrazný pokles součinitele tření v kontaktu. Rozdíly mezi viskosuplementy obsahující kyselinu hyaluronovou s různou molekulovou hmotností ale nijak výrazné nejsou. Nicméně, výsledky poukazují na možné ovlivnění režimu mazání v důsledku vysoké molekulové hmotnosti kyseliny hyaluronové. Tyto původní výsledky rozšiřují pochopení mechanizmů, ke kterým dochází v kloubu bezprostředně do vstříknutí kyseliny hyaluronové a mohou být použity při dalším vývoji viskosuplementů či v klinické praxi.

This master´s thesis is focused on simultaneous determination of sweeteners and preservatives in energy drinks by liquid chromatography coupled with DAD and ELSD detection. The method was optimized for determination of aspartame, acesulfame K, saccharin, sucralose, steviol glycosides, benzoic acid and sorbic acid. Analyses were carried out on the Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 2.7 m, Agilent) using mixture of methanol, acetone and water with formic acid and trimethylamine as a gradient mobile phase at a flow rate 0,5 mL•min-1. Validation parameters were determined (limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability and recovery). The validated method was applied on real samples.

This diploma thesis deals with application of evolutionary engineering on PHA producing bacterial strains. Two bacterial strains, Cupriavidus necator H16 and Halomonas halophila, were chosen for the evolutionary experiments. Copper cations (Cu2+) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were chosen as the selective pressure for C. necator H16; acetic acid (AA) and levulinic acid (LA) for Halomonas halophila. The adapted strains were during long-time evolutionary experiments characterized by GC-FID and SEC-MALS. The growth of the adapted strains was studied by the mean of optical density measurement. The amount of viable cells was determined by spectral FC after their expositon to selected stress factors. Specific enzyme activities of enzymes involved in citrate and glyoxalate cycle, enzymes generating NADPH, LA metabolism enzyme and PHA biosynthesis enzymes were determined. The adapted strains were compared with the wild-type of strains. The successfull adaptation of C. necator H16 adapted to Cu2+ was detected. Biomass and PHA production of both wild and adapted H. halophila strains cultivated in lignocellulosis waste were determined. It was found out that H. halophila adapted to the LA is capable of producing more PHA than the wild strain of this bacteria.

In this diploma work is check possibility application indirect photometric detection for enantiomers separation lactic acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid with capillary electrophoresis. As chiral selector is used vankomycin. Verifyed his ability partial separation lactic acid on antipode with using picric acid as vizualition anion in background electrolyte. Used was coated capillary. Application indirect photometric detection succeed. Chiral separation beta-hydroxybutyric acid wasn't successful. Hip roll by selection fit vizualization anions for purposes indirect photometric detection. Are measured their electrophoretic and spectrophotometric characteristics, for inquest compatibility use in capillary electrophoresis in relation to indirect photometric detection. From timed datums were to be you - nap optimal vizualizatin anions for others experimentation. According to ascertained and measured feature reflect be optimal eosine soluble in alcohol and bromophenol blue.

This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of hybrid titania-silica layers. Titanium tetraisopropoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate with Levasil were used as the precursors for TiO2 and SiO2 synthesis, respectively. The layers were deposited on substrates by material printing. Furthermore, this work is focused on study of the photocatalytic activity of prepared titania/silica hybrid layers. Photocatalytic activity of prepared layers was studied by measuring the oxidation of 2,6-dichlorindofenolu, oxidative degradation of stearic acid and oxidation of terephthalic acid. The influence of hybrid layers number on the photocatalytic activity was investigated.