The presented study was aimed to measurement of extracellular acid phosphomonoesterase activity in Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) pure stands. All study plots were chosen with respect to silvicultural treatment. Norway spruce mature stand 108-year-old (108); 36-year-old Norway spruce stand thinned from above (C3); 36-year-old Norway spruce stand thinned from below for (D4). Research was situated in Ecosystem station Rajec-Nemcice, the Czech Republic. The nature forest region of Drahanska Vrchovina upland (Drahansky bioregion) is ground area for Ecosystem Station Rajec-Nemcice, soil type was recognized as modal oligotrophic Cambisol (KAmd'). Typical is fir-beech forest vegetation zone. There are two major goals. As for soil activity of extracellular acid phosphomonoesterase, it was expressed from the view point of basal activity of the enzyme studied jointly with the response following the adding of the salicyl acid. As for roots, only the basal activity was measured by p-nitropohenol concentration. Presented data indicate negative effect of the salicylic acid adding into the enzyme activity.

Naphthoqinones are one of groups of secondary metabolites widespread in nature. The most important higher plant families containing naphthoqinones are Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Droseraceae, Ebenaceae, Juglandaceae, Nepenthaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Naphthoquinones are also products of secondary metabolism of some fungi, lichens and algae. Many investigators have interested in these compounds because of their broadrange biological activities; antibacterial, fungicidal, antiparasitic and insecticidal. In this work, we studied the effects of juglon on hydroponically grown seedlings of L.). Flax plants were exposed to solutions with various concentrations of juglon and the growth and development of pea (Pissum sativum) plants were analyzed. The results showed that juglon significantly affect the morphology and physiology of the pea (Pissum sativum) plants. Moreover, the production of ethylene was increased due to stress conditions.

The aim of the thesis was to verify use of peracetic acid (PAA) in production conditions for ectoparasites control in carp pond farming. First test was about evaluation of organic load in pond water on speed PAA decay in two temperature regime (11 15 and 21 °C). Results showed that between 3 6 hours from PAA application the concentration of PAA was under a half of the initial concentration (6 mg.l-1). Also statically important differences (p= < 0.05) were found in speed of decay between samples with organic load (3 samples from ponds) and samples without organic load (distilled and tap water) in both temperature regimes. Application of PAA during the transport of fish into the transport boxes was performed in three age categories (1, 2 and 3 years old common carps), where the fish were exposed for 60 90 minutes in 1.5 mg.l-1 PAA as Persteril 36. Parasitic examinations of skin and gills showed reduction of number protozoal parasites (Trichodina spp. and Apiosoma spp.) in individuals comparing with control. Against other detected parasites was PAA ineffective. Statistical evaluation showed significant (p= <0.05) decrease in prevalence only in 3 cases out of 19 in total. Long-term four days long fish bath of carps which were heavily infested by Saprolegnia parasitica in 1.5 mg.l-1 PAA an positive effect on the overall survival was found. In the control group mortality reached 100 % the third day of trial, in contrast with treated group where was Saprolegnia parasitica succesfuly eliminated and overall moratily was 40 %. Continual fourteen days long application of PAA by peristaltic pump did not proved.

In this thesis with the title The study of browning of apple pulp and apple juice was, based on scientific literature, described the process and causes of colour change during processing of fruits. Colour change (browning) during processing of selected sort of apples was observed. In apple pulp was assessed the impact of chemical treatment (1% solution of ascorbic acid, 1% solution of potassium disulphite) on browning of apple pulp. In apple juice was observed the colour change and reduction of antioxidant capacity in time. The results were processed statistically and assessed in the discusion.

1 Abstract Acylceramides belong to the subgroup of ultralong chain ceramides. They are essential components of the extracellular lipid matrix of stratum corneum, where they play a crucial role in proper function of skin barrier (they help preventing the excessive water loss and penetration of exogenous substances and pathogens to the organism). The 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid is one of the fatty acids forming the backbone of all the acylceramides. In the molecule of acylceramide, the carboxyl group of this acid is bound to a primary amino group of the sphingoid base and the ω-hydroxy group is esterified with linoleic acid. In the stratum corneum, 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid may remain as a part of free acylceramides or it can be covalently linked to the surface of corneocytes and form the "first lamela", which then serves as a basis for the orientation of other lipids in the matrix. The recent literature describes the synthesis of 32-hydroxydotriacontanoic acid but only with relatively small overall yields. The most problematic part of the synthesis seems to be the connection of two shorter fragments leading to the ultralong chain. The main aim of this research project was to optimalise the reaction conditions to increase the yield of formation of the utralong acid, focusing on the most complicated...

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The aim of my thesis was to verify the technology of rearing common carp (Cyprinius carpio) with increased levels of omega 3 fatty acids. The technology was tested in 2010 and 2011. A mixture of KP Len and cereal was used for the experiment in 2010. In 2011, the fish were divided into three groups The first group was fed a mixture of KP Len, the second a type of cereal, and the third was kept on natural feed. The technology was carried out under the conditions of the Czech fishery industry. During the entire growing period the course of growth was monitored as part of the framework of regular checks and the parameters of the quality of water was measured. The main descriptive characteristics was the fat content and composition of fatty acids. The combination of KP Len achieved a significantly higher content of PUFA than the group of fish receiving cereals in 2010 and in 2011. When comparing groups of fish fed a mixture of KP Len and those fed natural feed in 2011, no statistically significant differences in PUFA were detected. In 2010 the fish fed a mixture of KP Len reached the highest content of EPA and DHA. On the contrary, in 2011 the significantly highest content was detected in the muscle of fish kept on natural feed.

The aim of the present study was to assess an influence of two different therapeutical concentrations of peracetic acid on selected haematological and biochemical parameters in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were radomly distributed to aquaria and exposed to concentrations of 0 mg.l-1 PAA (control group), 1.0 mg.l-1 PAA (P1 group), 3.0 mg.l-1 PAA (P2 group). Almost total mortality of fish was observed in the concentration 3.0 mg.l-1 PAA during the treatment comparing with the P1 group and untreated control where no mortality was observed. After the end of the experimental exposure of fish to peracetic acid, the sampling of blood has been realised. The samples of the blood were examined in order to determine haematological and biochemical parameters. Consequently, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in a haematological profile of fish exposed to concentration of 1.0 mg.l-1 PAA. Goblet cells count and size have risen, that caused exposure of fish to peracetic acid. In the biochemical profile of fish, significant changes (p<0.01) in three parameters were found after exposure of fish to peracetic acid in concentration 1.0 mg.l-1. Changed parameters were: aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The changes were moderate and it can be supposed that these changes are reversible. No significant change (p<0.05) in haematological parameters points out to the minimum negative influence of recommended therapeutical concntration (1.0 mg.l-1 PAA) to the health of C. idella.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of ketones and free fatty acids in milk of high-yielding cows. Ketosis is a very common metabolic disorder in dairy cows resulting in reduced milk production, fertility disturbance and more frequent occurrences of other diseases. Ketosis is not only a serious health problem, but also an economic problem, that can be avoided by balancing the feeding dose respecting the physiological needs of energy delivery after birth and at the beginning of lactation of high-yielding cows. The monitoring was carried out in 2016 at Chyšná, which is one of the centers of Agribusiness Košetice a.s. Owerall were 1407 cows monitored during the 6 utility tests (from January to June 2016). The occurrence of subclinical ketoses was defined by the content of ketones in milk (acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid). Critical was the period of the first 12 days of lactation, when the occurence of subclinical ketoses was the highest, the occurence of this disease was lower than in other breeds. At Chyšná breeding, the low incidence of subclinical ketoses is mainly influenced by zootechnical work and by working with the feed consultant and the company for the production of compound feeds. As a precautionary process, regular feed analysis and examination of free fatty acids and ketones in milk can be recommended.

The goal of this dissertation was to determine and to compare the content of the ascorbic acid in the fruitages of the selected mutations of the tomatoes. There was established a small site grower focus in the own garden, for which were selected three mutations of the tomatoes plants (Diana, Oranže, Dulcia). There was determined the content of the ascorbic acid by the titrating Method with 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenole in the fruitages of the tomatoes after the harvest. Further on there was determined the content of the ascorbic acid with the same method by the tomatoes, which were bought in the common shopping chains in the Czech republic.