Ce travail est une contribution à la connaissance de l'importance des particules de nature polysaccharidique, les TEP (Transparent Exopolymer Particles) ou particules d'Exopolymères Transparentes, en milieu pélagique lacustre.Les différentes études présentées dans ce mémoire se sont essentiellement focalisées sur la distribution de ces particules et leur relation avec le phytoplancton et les autres microorganismes du réseau trophique aquatique en milieu naturel (le lac Pavin, oligo-mésotrophe et le réservoir hypereutrophe de Grangent) et en conditions semi contrôlées(enclos limniques installés sur le lac de Créteil). Les résultats de l'étude printanière au lac Pavin indiquent que la majorité des TEP sont colonisées par les bactéries et que l'intensité de colonisation est fortement liée à la température et diminue avec l'augmentation en taille des particules. La distribution des nanoflagellés hétérotrophes (HNF) est fortement liée à la densité des TEP mais pas à l'intensité de colonisation de ces particules. L'abondance et la surface cumulée de TEP sont significativement plus élevées dans le lac oligo-mésotrophe que dans le réservoir hypereutrophe de Grangent. Les abondances et les concentrations élevées de particules dans le lac Pavin coïncident avec la présence de diatomées de grande taille au printemps et en automne et avec les chlorophycées à la fin de l'été.Dans le réservoir de Grangent les valeurs maximales de TEP coïncident avec le développement de la cyanobactérie Microcystis aeruginosa. Si les TEP augmentent avec la productivité de l'écosystème, la production de ces particules par unité de chlorophylle a dépend de la composition algale et tend à diminuer avec l'augmentation du niveau trophique du milieu. Les résultats issus de la biomanipulation en enclos limniques indiquent que la structure du réseau trophique aquatique (par la présence ou l'absence de poissons planctonophages) influence fortement la distribution,la dynamique et le spectre de taille des TEP. Dans le traitement poisson, l'abondance des TEP, la chlorophylle a et la biomasse des chlorophycées sont fortement corrélées. De par son broutage sur le phytoplancton, le zooplancton a un effet négatif sur les TEP dans le traitement sans poissons mais il contribue sans doute à la formation de TEP e tinfluence le spectre de taille de ces dernières dans ce traitement. Ce travail souligne l'importance des particules de nature polysaccharidique en milieu pélagique lacustre qui doivent être considérées comme une part importante du carbone organique qui transite des producteurs primaires vers les décomposeurs et vers le sédiment.

No description available.

Master of Social Work / This research is about evidence based practice, which is an area of increasing interest and emphasis in social work today. Initially apparent in medical and health care settings, evidence based practice now has widened applicability to a broad range of contexts and professional disciplines. The ways in which research evidence is translated into policy and practice is itself a topic area for social work research. The study investigates evidence based practice in child welfare, specifically the out-of-home care system. Out-of-home care provides alternative placements for children and young people who cannot live with their families because of abuse and neglect, and generally consists of placement with foster carers or in a residential/group care setting. This research is an exploratory study which investigates through individual interview how nineteen out-of-home care Senior Managers and Team Leaders in the states of New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory interpret and understand evidence based practice, and the degree and depth of knowledge they transfer from research awareness into out-of-home care practice and policy development. The research has three main objectives. Firstly to investigate the understanding of out-of-home care managers of evidence based practice, secondly to determine the influence of relevant research on practice and policy in out-ofhome care, and thirdly to explore potential barriers to evidence based practice. Looking After Children, a social work case management system for children and young people in out-of-home care, provides the context for this research, in which evidence based practice is critically examined. A thematic analysis of the interview data identified five major themes. These included: the benefit of broadening definitions of evidence based practice to include a wide range of influences on practice; the value and importance of 2 considering a broad range of research approaches in connecting research with policy and practice AND the potential for influencing outcomes of social work intervention via research based and influenced guided practice systems and techniques; factors which constitute barriers and also those that enhance the implementation of evidence based practice; the potential for instigating and supporting new research via the use of evidence based practice for purposes such as data aggregation, in addition to practice development and enhancement of client outcomes. Implications and conclusions are drawn from this study in relation to out-ofhome care policy and practice, with particular reference to use of the Looking After Children case management system in the Australian context. These include the potential of a consistent system such as LAC to provide common language and assessment tools and procedures in a welfare sector that is fragmented by lack of national legislation, and the potential for development of national out-of-home care research projects as a result of cross agency LAC implementation resulting in data aggregation opportunities.

Thèse (D. en biologie)--Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. / En tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Mémoire (M.A. (Gestion en P.M.O.)- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1981. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Mémoire(M.P.M.O.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / Bibliogr.: ff. 107-110. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Aujourd’hui, la division de l’espace du lac de Tunis entre trois zones d’interventions de trois experts, a favorisé la multiplication des processus de discontinuité urbaine et au lieu d’avoir un aménagement qui englobe tout l’espace des berges, il y a eu l’apparition de trois projets éparpillés. le problème de coordination et de contrôle s’est posé beaucoup plus qu'avant au sein du processus d’aménagement des berges Nord du lac en présence de deux architectes tunisiens à côte de l’architecte Danois H. Bareth, le principal concepteur.C'est ici que l'évaluation de cette opération est devenu un élément fondamental pour mesurer l’efficacité de ce projet en confrontant tout ce qui a été prévu au sein du programme avec tout ce qui a été réalisé à l’heure actuelle. / Today, the division of the space of the lake of Tunis between three zones of interventions of three experts, favoured the multiplication of the processes of urban discontinuity and instead of having a development which includes all space of banks, there was the appearance of three scattered plans. the problem of coordination and of control settled much more than before within the process of development of the North banks of the lake in the presence of two Tunisian architects with coast of the architect Dane H. Bareth, the principal concepteur.It is here that the evaluation of this operation a fundamental element became to measure the effectiveness of this plan by confronting all that was envisaged within the programme with all what was accomplished at present.

Ces travaux de recherche, menés par une approche écosystémique et par la mise en œuvre de plusieurs méthodes moléculaires (TSA-FISH, qPCR et pyroséquençage), ont eu pour objectif (i) d'acquérir des données quantitatives concernant divers groupes eucaryotes unicellulaires présents dans la fraction picoplanctonique lacustre, (ii) d'explorer la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de ces groupes picoeucayotes tant en terme d'abondance que de diversité phylogénétique, et ceci à différentes échelles d'observation, et (iii) d' apporter une profondeur d'analyse supplémentaire de la diversité et de la structure des picoeucaryotes par l'utilisation de séquençage massif. L'utilisation de sondes oligonucléotidiques spécifiques a mis en évidence l'importance quantitative d'organismes photosynthétiques appartenant aux Chrysophycées, Chlorophycées, ainsi que la présence récurrente de groupes potentiellement parasites-saprophytes (Perkinsozoa, Fungi, LKM11). L'étude de la répartition spatiale (verticale) et géographique (trois lacs) de ces groupes par cette même approche a mis en lumière des différences d'abondance selon le statut trophique et la profondeur. Ainsi, la présence dans des proportions significatives d'organismes pigmentés (Chlorophycées, Haptophycées) en zone hypolimnique non éclairée nous a conduit à émettre l'hypothèse de l'importance de la mixotrophie au sein de la fraction picoplanctonique. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation du séquençage à haut débit a permis de révéler une importante diversité (1017 OTUs) 10 à 100 fois supérieure à celle décrite classiquement (clonage-séquençage de l'ADNr 18S). Son application à une échelle temporelle fine (2/3 jours) a permis de mettre en évidence d'importants et continuels remaniements au sein de la communauté picoeucaryote impliquant principalement les 21 OTUs appartenant au “core taxa” (>1% des séquences), et des taxa présentant des abondances intermédiaires (0,01-1% des séquences). A contrario, l'assemblage des taxa rares (<0,01%) composant plus de la moitié de la diversité décrite, s'avère quant à lui relativement stable au cours du temps. Les données acquises au cours de ce travail contribuent à alimenter les débats concernant les patrons de diversité microbienne et suggèrent la nécessité de mieux intégrer la notion de diversité fonctionnelle dans ces réflexions. / The studies reported in this manuscript aimed (i) to acquire quantitative data on various unicellulareukaryotes detected in the lacustrine picoplanktonic size fraction, (ii) to explore the spatial and temporaldynamics of these picoeucayotic groups both in terms of abundance and phylogenetic diversity, atdifferent scales of observation, and (iii) to bring an additional in-depth analysis of the picoeukaryotesdiversity and structure by using massive sequencing. These questions were investigated by an ecosystemicapproach, and, by coupling different molecular techniques (TSA-FISH, qPCR and pyrosequencing).Theuse of specific oligonucleotide probes highlighted the quantitative importance of photosyntheticorganisms (Chrysophyceae, Chlorophyceae), especially in summer, and the recurrent presence of putativeparasites-saprophytes groups (Perkinsozoa, Fungi, LKM11) was also confirmed. The study of the spatial(vertical) and geographical distribution (three lakes) of these groups showed differences in abundanceaccording to the trophic status and depth. The presence, in the hypolimnion, of pigmented organisms insignificant proportions (Chlorophyceae, Haptophyceae) suggested a mixotrophic activity exerted by thesegroups. Furthemore, the analyses of the picoeucaryote community by high-throughput sequencingrevealed an important diversity (1017 OTUs), 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than classically obtainedby cloning-sequencing of 18S rDNA. Its application at short time scales (2/3 days) revealed important andcontinual rearrangements in the picoeukaryote community which mainly involved 21 OTUs belonging tothe "core taxa" (> 1% of sequences), and taxa with intermediate abundances (0.01 to 1% of sequences).Conversely, the rare taxa community (<0.01%), which represented more than half of the describeddiversity, is in turn relatively stable over time.The data acquired contribute to the debate about thepatterns of microbial diversity. They suggest the need to better integrate the concept of functionaldiversity in these reflections.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-06T14:08:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa C. Franco.pdf: 1623704 bytes, checksum: 8f262fad29d3dfa20d8ab93f9518f274 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-06T14:08:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa C. Franco.pdf: 1623704 bytes, checksum: 8f262fad29d3dfa20d8ab93f9518f274 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-06T14:08:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa C. Franco.pdf: 1623704 bytes, checksum: 8f262fad29d3dfa20d8ab93f9518f274 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T14:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vanessa C. Franco.pdf: 1623704 bytes, checksum: 8f262fad29d3dfa20d8ab93f9518f274 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Alkaline phosphatase function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphomonoester, and thus has the property of removing phosphate groups 5' DNA and RNA, making it an important tool for genetic engineering. Expression of the E. coli alkaline phosphatase gene was obtained by cloning the gene into plasmid pBR322. Subsequently phoA structural gene was transferred to the vector pAC92 derivative of pUC18 where its expression was regulated partly yielding the recombinant plasmid capable of programming in E. coli highest level of expression. But this vector has the need to control the expression with glucose medium, otherwise the excess of the enzyme in the periplasm causes cell death of the host. In work carried out in the Laboratory of Technologies of DNA called a vector UFAM Pula was built from obtaining pAC92 promoter region, restored operator, cloned in a vector called pUN, this being the modified pUC18 lacking the gene for β - galactosidase and without its promoter region / operator of origin. This paper describes the expression of the alkaline phosphatase of E. coli by means of the adjustable jumps expression system and purification of this enzyme. Thus, the phoA gene was subcloned into the vector jumps successfully, yielding the vector pUNF, which appeared stable and functional, regulated by the induction of IPTG. The best expression of the enzyme in the system in question occurred in the middle with a concentration of 0.05 % glucose, with 1 mM IPTG and after 18 hours of induction. / A fosfatase alcalina tem como função catalisar a hidrólise de um fosfomonoéster, e assim, possui a propriedade de remover grupos de fosfatos 5’ de DNA e RNA, o que faz dela uma importante ferramenta para engenharia genética. A expressão do gene da fosfatase alcalina de E. coli foi obtida clonando-se o gene no plasmídeo pBR322. Posteriormente o gene estrutural phoA foi transferido para o vetor pAC92, derivado do pUC18, onde sua expressão ficou parcialmente regulada, originando o plasmídeo recombinante capaz de programar em E. coli maior nível de expressão. Porém este vetor possui a necessidade do controle da expressão com glicose no meio, do contrário, o excesso da enzima no periplasma causa a morte celular das hospedeiras. Em trabalhos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Tecnologias de DNA da UFAM um vetor denominado pULA foi construído a partir da obtenção da região promotora do pAC92, com operador restaurado, clonado em um vetor denominado de pUN, este sendo o pUC18 modificado sem o gene de β–galactosidase e sem sua região promotora/operadora de origem. O presente trabalho descreve a expressão da fosfatase alcalina de E. coli por meio do sistema de expressão regulável do pULA, assim como a purificação desta enzima. Dessa forma, o gene phoA foi subclonado no vetor pULA com sucesso, dando origem ao vetor pUNF, que se apresentou estável e funcional, regulado pela indução do IPTG. A melhor expressão da enzima no sistema em questão, ocorreu em meio com concentração de 0,05% de glicose, com um 1mM de IPTG e após 18 horas de indução.