Land Consolidation and its Relation to Environmental Protection- Abstract Land consolidation is term used for rearrangement and readjustment of land parcels and their ownership in order to assure their rational use. In its modern form, it became part of Czech legislature when Czech National Council's Act No. 284/1991 Coll. was officially published. Current legal regulations of land consolidation are provided in Act No. 139/2002 Coll., as amended. This Act enumerates main goals land consolidation, carried out in the public interest, should achieve. Primary task of this dissertation is to review how land consolidation can contribute to the environmental protection. Soil fund upgrading as well as improvment of landscape aesthetics and its ecological stability are stated among main goals of the currently effective land consolidation legal regulations. In its initial chapter, this dissertation describes purpose of land consolidation and gives definition of its objects. Following chapter briefly deals with the history of land consolidation on Czech, Moravian and Silesian territory. Reflecting our country's history, real estate ownership evolution was very dynamical in past 160 years. Knowledge of this evolution is crucial for understanding of reason and purpose of land consolidation. Third chapter guides the...

The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of the Land Consolidation Programme (LCP) in household food productivity. The implementation of the 2004 Rwandan National Land Policy (which incorporates LCP) has been one of the Rwandan government strategic attempts to improve the livelihood of the Rwandans. In this study we look at some of the social-economic factorsbenefited by household farmers through the LCP since its implementation in 2007. In Sub-Saharan Africa many people depend on land for their livelihood and consequently, one of the obvious negative impacts has been the fragmentation of land. Historically the customary land management, in which inheritance is the major mode of land acquisition, has been the main way of allocating land in African societies. This communal tenure is viewed as unstable and leads to detrimental implications, in the form of mismanagement and overexploitation of the available land. The demographic pressure has also aggravated the issue of land scarcity and land fragmentation. The latter has consequences on agricultural productivity since it makes harder the efficient use of land. In this study the researcher explores the outcomes of the LCP in Rwanda as a type of land reform that aims at preventing fragmentation of land and enhancing the livelihood of household farmers. For achieving this objective, the study used a case study of household farmers from Gisenyi village of Bugesera district (in Rwanda) who are involved in the LCP since its implementation. Empirical data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 household farmers and 8 key informants. The emphasis in the study was put on investigating the state of household food productivity in Gisenyi. The study was guided by the property right theory and its basic conceptual assumption of enhancing the income through credit access. The findings of the study demonstrate that household farmers in Gisenyi village have benefited from the LCP. Household farmers confirmed that agricultural productivity has increased due to the new farming techniques brought by the programme. The study concludes that once the programme is properly and fully implemented, the LCP will highly enhance food self-sufficiency situation in Rwanda, improving also the livelihood of rural areas through other benefits such as infrastructure development.

Now the motel industry in Taiwan is increasingly sophisticated, and even some motels are positioning themselves as the boutique hotels,so the business model has been out of the previous framework, like the hotel, with the high texture, on the other hand, beyond the hotel, with rich diversity. Now the motels are no longer set up near highway ramp to pursue convenience and privacy, but to find good location near department stores, metro, and science-based Industrial Park. Now the motel industry places more emphasis on the freshness and characteristics of the product, so in addition to the pursuit of convenience and practicality, motels now focus more on entertainment features. On the other hand, the motels are almost everywhere in high competition status, it is not difficult to find many cluster regions all over Taiwan. In the circumstances, consumers have clear and close impression to link the image between these cluster regions and the motels inside the regions. However the reason why motels usually were gathered and formed to be a cluster.What motivations resulted in industry cluster? What characteristics are shaped inside? How the cluster effect be developed and influence the relations of motels in the same cluster region. These questions are be researched in this thesis. In this study,I selected three major and representative motel clusters in Taiwan: Dazhi Land Consolidation of Taipei City, 7th Land Consolidation of Taichung, 16th agricultural Land Consideration of Kaohsiung City, mainly by interviewing with executives of the motel industry in order to understand the causes of industrial clusters,the competition and cooperation relation in motel clusters, and cluster effect in the industry. And exploring and analyzing the environment of these three cluster regions through observation method, in order to understand the correlation of regional environmental and development of clusters. Finally, the results of this study found that: (1) the main cause of motel cluster, is not because of being attracted by the cluster effect, but the similar needs for location. (2) There are seldomly cooperative behaviors in the motel industry, because the motel industry is very secretive and motels in the same cluster tend to imitate each other, so these results deepen the intensity of competition. (3) The causes of motel cluster are hoping for attracting more customers and finding the appropriate operating environment. (4) Because the industry become saturated and sophisticated, it is very important to make prudent cost-benefit assessment. Besides, it is better to reassess influences of the cluster and try to be aware of the direction of government policy to evaluate the future and the development. (5) Consumer loyalty in motel industry is low, therefore, the latecomers usually have more competitive advantage, and the cluster effects are positive. (6) Although the surroundings are important to all the motels, but there are some different connotations, meanings, and expectations for different motels. (7) The quality of the cluster effect, can not only be evaluated from the perspective of cluster itself, but also be judged from the consideration of the motel itself in one cluster with relative strengths or weaknesses.

The thesis deals with the state of the territory in the Českokrumlovsko-region before the land consolidation and the design and implementation state. As model land consolidation, the comprehensive land consolidation of Přídolí was chosen with a detailed examination of the plan of the common facilities. Individual measures in the plan of the common facilities were studied in the design, evaluated in the terrain and possibly supplemented by further proposals. The reconnaissance showed that the elements suggested in the selected land consolidation do not correspond with the real state. The acquired results were generalized for the projection of the comprehensive land consolidation. The problem turned out to be a fact, that the most suggested measures remain unimplemented.

This tesis is focused on a comparison of the major elements of territorial systems. That means an existing state before planned comprehensive land consolidation and expected state after comprehensive land consolidation. This was followed by evaluation of the links between the elements. These are erosions measures, regional system of ecological stability, road network, and water management measures. After selecting the area of interest I made detailed field research and I evaluated the condition of the road network and the hydric skeleton of the landscape. The evaluation was mainly focused on technical condition of roads and watercourses. Then I dealed with the proposed measures, in which I reviewed whether they are sufficient for the given area. Finally I discussed the possibilities of extending the proposed measures, especially the perspective of comprehensive land consolidation.

The target of this thesis was to analyze the differences between the designs and implementation of the common facilities within the already finished comprehensive land consolidation in the district of České Budějovice. As model representative of the tested complex, KPÚ Bohunice nad Vltavou was selected where the detailed analysis of the design of individual common facilities was compared with the state found out by the terrain reconnaissance. Based on these observations also the principal differences of the implementation and the project were found out, especially in non-respecting the suggested anti-erosion measures.The results of the following analysis of data from the whole district show that the main problem of the implementation is neglecting the shaping and protection of landscape due to the insufficient support in legislation. In the end, measures were suggested which could help to implement also other common facilities than the field paths. In the end, measures were suggested which could help to implement also other common facilities that the field ways.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe possible land consolidation in the cadastral area of Dřiteň. The emphasis has been put on the steps enabling a proper access to the property, then the steps to avoid erosion, the steps to create and preserve natural environment as well as the water management in the area. In addition, this thesis deals with the record of the rights and it proposes a new organizational design of the property for its owners. The outcome of this thesis is presented both in written and in graphic form. The data has been processed by the ArcGIS programme.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos problemos, susijusios su kelių infrastruktūra, atsiradusios po pastarosios žemės reformos Lietuvoje, užsienio šalių patirtis vykdant žemės konsolidacijos projektus, kuriuose kuriami ir pertvarkomi kelių infrastruktūros aptarnavimai, taip pat apžvelgiama žemės konsolidacijos patirtis Lietuvoje. Darbe išnagrinėti pagrindiniai žemės konsolidacijos principai bei su žemės konsolidacija susiję Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai. Tiriamojo darbo pradžioje buvo iškeltas tikslas – išanalizuoti žemės konsolidacijos pritaikymą kelių infrastruktūros aptarnavimų kūrimui ir pertvarkymui Lietuvoje. Siekiant esmines problemas identifikuoti ir jas pabrėžti Lietuvoje, buvo: (1) apklausti automobilių ir geležinkelių atstovai, (2) atliktos eismo įvykių ir žemės paėmimo visuomenės poreikiams procedūrų statistinių duomenų analizės, (3) išanalizuotas parengtas žemės konsolidacijos projektas bei, naudojantis geografinėmis informacinėmis sistemomis, (4) atliktas žemės konsolidacijos poreikio pasirinktoje kadastro vietovėje tyrimas. Visi atlikti tiriamojo darbo rezultatai pateikti išvadose, patvirtina, kad yra poreikis pertvarkymams, o žemės konsolidacija, kaip žemės tvarkymo instrumentas, plačiai naudojamas daugelyje Vakarų Europos šalių, galėtų būti taikomas kelių infrastruktūros aptarnavimų kūrimui ir pertvarkymui Lietuvoje. Darbą sudaro 4 pagrindinės dalys, įvadas, literatūros analizė, tiriamojo darbo skyriai, išvados ir rekomendacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This master’s thesis analyses problems related to road infrastructure that appeared after recent land reform in Lithuania; reviews experience of foreign countries implementing land consolidation projects where road infrastructure facilities are developed and rearranged; as well as overviews experience on land consolidation in Lithuania. The paper analysis the main land consolidation principles and legal acts related with land consolidation in European Union and Lithuania. At the initial stage of the thesis main aim was stated – to analyse the abilities to apply land consolidation for the development and rearrangement of road infrastructure facilities’ in Lithuania. Seeking to identify and highlight main problems in Lithuania, following steps were taken: (1)road and railroad representatives were interviewed; (2) statistical data of accidents and procedures for land acquisition for public needs were analysed (3) implemented land consolidation project was studied, (4) as well as with GIS support demand for land consolidation in selected cadastral territory was revealed. All conclusions of the thesis witness the demand for rearrangement and land consolidation, as land management instrument, that is widely used by many Western European countries and therefore could be successfully applied for the development and rearrangement of road infrastructure facilities in Lithuania. Thesis structure consists of 4 sections, introduction, literature analysis, research chapters, conclusions... [to full text]

The subject of this diploma thesis is the proposal of land consolidation in the cadastral area Všeradov. Part of the land consolidation is the evaluation and description of the area, with a focus on measures to access to the property, erosion control measures to protect the land fund, measures for the creation and protection of the environment and water management. An important part of the proposal is to establish the perimeter of land consolidation and last but not least, create the claims inventory owners and proposal a new land arrangement for selected owners. The results of this diploma thesis are presented in text and graphical form, processed using ArcGIS software.

The diploma thesis deals with an assessment of cadastral territory, which is going through a complex land consolidation. For these purposes, the cadastral area Záborná, that is located in the Vysočina Region, was selected. The main objective of this work is to compare the current state of the territory, in terms of erosion, with the area where the erosion control measures were proposed. Erosion will be calculated using by Wischmeier-Smith's universal soil loss equation. In this cadastral area, it will be necessary to assess in terms of climate, geology and hydrology.