Now the motel industry in Taiwan is increasingly sophisticated, and even some motels are positioning themselves as the boutique hotels,so the business model has been out of the previous framework, like the hotel, with the high texture, on the other hand, beyond the hotel, with rich diversity. Now the motels are no longer set up near highway ramp to pursue convenience and privacy, but to find good location near department stores, metro, and science-based Industrial Park. Now the motel industry places more emphasis on the freshness and characteristics of the product, so in addition to the pursuit of convenience and practicality, motels now focus more on entertainment features. On the other hand, the motels are almost everywhere in high competition status, it is not difficult to find many cluster regions all over Taiwan. In the circumstances, consumers have clear and close impression to link the image between these cluster regions and the motels inside the regions. However the reason why motels usually were gathered and formed to be a cluster.What motivations resulted in industry cluster? What characteristics are shaped inside? How the cluster effect be developed and influence the relations of motels in the same cluster region. These questions are be researched in this thesis. In this study,I selected three major and representative motel clusters in Taiwan: Dazhi Land Consolidation of Taipei City, 7th Land Consolidation of Taichung, 16th agricultural Land Consideration of Kaohsiung City, mainly by interviewing with executives of the motel industry in order to understand the causes of industrial clusters,the competition and cooperation relation in motel clusters, and cluster effect in the industry. And exploring and analyzing the environment of these three cluster regions through observation method, in order to understand the correlation of regional environmental and development of clusters. Finally, the results of this study found that: (1) the main cause of motel cluster, is not because of being attracted by the cluster effect, but the similar needs for location. (2) There are seldomly cooperative behaviors in the motel industry, because the motel industry is very secretive and motels in the same cluster tend to imitate each other, so these results deepen the intensity of competition. (3) The causes of motel cluster are hoping for attracting more customers and finding the appropriate operating environment. (4) Because the industry become saturated and sophisticated, it is very important to make prudent cost-benefit assessment. Besides, it is better to reassess influences of the cluster and try to be aware of the direction of government policy to evaluate the future and the development. (5) Consumer loyalty in motel industry is low, therefore, the latecomers usually have more competitive advantage, and the cluster effects are positive. (6) Although the surroundings are important to all the motels, but there are some different connotations, meanings, and expectations for different motels. (7) The quality of the cluster effect, can not only be evaluated from the perspective of cluster itself, but also be judged from the consideration of the motel itself in one cluster with relative strengths or weaknesses.

After globalized division of labor, the upstream and downstream in industry have become more valued. Designing, advertising, and marketing are exactly the focus of cultural creative industries. The destruction of environment that comes with economic development also forces Chinese government to consider the environmental issue and transformation in industries: developing cultural creative industry to enhance the profit, which ensures sustainable development in economy. This study focus on how cultural creative industrial parks help the expansion of cultural creative industries in Shanghai. ¡§Tianzifang,¡¨ ¡§M50,¡¨ ¡§Red Town,¡¨ and "Bridge 8" are for example in terms of how cultural creative industrial parks ¡§innovate¡¨ and improve cultural productivity in Shanghai, helping the sustained and stable development in the industry. With the history of concession, Shanghai is the gateway to China. Researches show that this fusion of Chinese and Western culture is open, diverse and tolerant. The establishment of Shanghai cultural creative industrial parks builds the platform for exchange and interaction among culture, industry, and consumers. The parks are also capable of revitalizing the uniqueness in Shanghai culture, creating employment, and cultivating the cultural creative markets. The parks are customer-oriented at present, highlighting the hardware and entertainment venues, which disappoints the cultural creative workers. As the core of creative industries is in creative work, improving the working environment and meeting satisfaction of the enterprises and workers will be the matter in the future.

Des résultats récents ont montré les premières preuves d’un effet multivalent puissant des iminosucres sur l’inhibition des glycosidases, avec des gains d’affinité allant jusqu’à 10000. Afin de comprendre les différentes caractéristiques de cet « effet de cluster » et d’en poursuivre l’optimisation, de nouvelles charpentes doivent être conçues. Le premier axe de recherche a donc consisté en la mise au point d’un ensemble de techniques d’ingénierie « click » pour la synthèse de systèmes multivalents, avec le développement d’une stratégie Sweet LEGO®. Cette approche permettrait un accès simple à une grande variété de néocyclodextrines préfonctionnalisées. Le second axe a consisté en une étude de relation structure-activité autour de charpentes moléculaires polyalcynes utilisées pour préparer de nouveaux clusters par chimie « click ». Une partie des clusters a été préparée en utilisant de nouvelles charpentes cyclopeptoïdes. Ils ont permis de poursuivre l’optimisation de l’effet multivalent des iminosucres sur l’inhibition de glycosidases. En particulier, un composé portant 30 ligands a montré le meilleur effet multivalent connu sur une enzyme modèle. / Recent reports have demonstrated the first pieces of evidence of a strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition by iminosugars, with affinity enhancements close to 10000. In order to understand the different parameters of this “cluster effect” and to continue its optimization, new scaffolds must be designed. The first research topic was thus to develop a set of « Click » Chemistry engineering techniques for the synthesis of multivalent systems, with the development of a Sweet LEGO® strategy. In the end, it would allow an easy access to a broad range of prefunctionalized neocyclodextrins. The second research topic consisted in a structure-activity relationship study by varying the molecular polyalkyne scaffold used for the preparation of new clusters by way of « Click » Chemistry. They allowed to investigate the specific features of the iminosugar cluster effect in the inhibition of glycosidases. In particular, a compound of unprecedented valency bearing 30 iminosugar units demonstrated an unprecedented dramatic affinity enhancement for the inhibition of a model enzyme (Jack bean alpha-mannosidase).

華山創意文化園區的產業化發展受到一個由國家、藝術社群與企業三方構成的社會結構影響，藝術社群、國家與企業三者在不同階段扮演了關鍵的角色。此轉型過程經歷文化創意產業化的價值張力現象和政策磨合，揭示了上述行為者對於空間規劃與產業發展的不同主張，一方面造成其不同的信任與競合關係；另一方面也造成空間功能的轉向－此地區由一個位於前端的藝術創作聚落轉變成為靠近後端的大眾文化消費園地。 本文認為文化創意產業化的過程將引發行為者不同的價值取向，其原因為：一、精緻藝術與通俗文化的特性不同；二、創作前端與市場後端的需求與運作邏輯不同。而為了尋求文化與產業的永續發展，政府必須回應這種特殊的產業特性，扮演彈性的平台角色，一方面能夠觸動行為者的相互交流、理解與信任關係，使其自由溝通並跨界合作，誘發各種創新的可能；另一方面需要釐清空間的角色與功能，讓有效的補助與保護機制連結網絡關係及群聚效應。如此一來，這樣的制度環境能夠鼓勵創新，不因產值思維而壓抑創意，而創作前端與市場後端能夠充分活化與溝通，進一步完整價值鏈機能。 / The industrialized development of Huashan Creative Park was influenced by the social structure, composed of the state, the community of artists and the enterprise. These three factors played crucial roles within different phases. The Industrialization of culture and creativity resulted in tensions between discrepant values as well as policy modification within the transition, which displayed diverse positions toward spatial planning and industrial development from different factors. The tensional phenomenon not only altered the relationships of trust and contention among factors but also brought about functional change of the space－this cluster of art creation near the front end of value chain turned into a pop culture consuming park near the back end. This paper argues that industrialization of culture and creativity will lead to dissimilar value orientations of factors because of two reasons：the first, distinct features of fine art and pop culture；the second, different needs and logic of creating front end and consuming back end of the value chain. In order to build up sustainable development of culture and industry, the government is suggested to deal with this kind of special industrial feature and take a role as a flexible platform. On the one hand, this platform should induce interaction, understanding, and trust between factors as well as generate free communication, synergies among multi-fields, and all possibilities of innovation, on the other hand, it can clarify the significances and functions of spaces as well as connect network and cluster effect to complete the function of value chain by an appropriate protective system and subsidies. As a result, this institutional environment can encourage innovation and interaction between creation and market instead of oppressing creativity due to output value requests.