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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ecologia reprodutiva de Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) em fragmentos de Cerrado do Brasil Central / Reproductive ecology of Calophyllum Cardiopetalum (Annonaceae) in Cerrado fragments of central Brazil

ELIAS, Marcos Antonio da Silva 31 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marcos_2010_07-05-10.pdf: 927850 bytes, checksum: 13570c6d61616b1413fb06f5e981d383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Habitat fragmentation is one of the main causes of environmental degradation and a great threat to world biodiversity. Fragmentation can disrupt pollination processes, affecting directly or indirectly pollinators and plants. In Brazil, the Cerrado Biome has lost most part of its vegetation cover in the last four decades, becoming a highly fragmented landscape with many small fragments, several medium-size and a few continuous areas of vegetation. Those remnants have high biological diversity with high level of endemism, but very little is known about the reproductive success of their species. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schletdl. (Annonaceae) occurs in the Cerrado of Central Brazil, has dicogamy and is pollinated by small beetle called Lobiopa insularis. The reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the abundance of its pollinator were analyzed in fragment of different size from July 2009 to January 2010. The reproductive success was estimated using fruit and seed set rates. Flowers in anthesis were collected to quantify the pollinator abundance inside them. A positive correlation between reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the fragment size was found. However, no correlation was found between pollinator abundance and fragment size. The small fragments are more isolated than the larger ones. This can decrease the pollinator dispersion and gene flow among fragments, increasing inbreeding within population of small fragments. The abundance of Lobiopa insularis seems to be more related to its generalist habits than to the fragment size. In our study, the effect of fragment size and reproductive success of C. calophyllum was stronger in fragments smaller than 10 ha. However, fragment smaller than 20 ha also showed decrease in their productive success. / A fragmentação de habitats é considerada uma das mais poderosas forças de modificações dos ecossistemas, e em grande parte ocorre como resultado das atividades humanas. O Bioma Cerrado apesar de ser um dos hotspots com prioridades de conservação, nas últimas quatro décadas vem perdendo grande parte de sua cobertura vegetal, tornando-se uma paisagem altamente fragmentada com manchas de vegetação de diferentes tamanhos circundados, principalmente, por pastagem e agricultura. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schletdl. é uma espécie vegetal presente no Cerrado, pertencente à família Annonaceae, polinizada por besouros pequenos, Lobiopa insularis. Com o objetivo de testar se fragmentos menores apresentam menor sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum e menor abundância do polinizador, L. insularis, foram estudados indivíduos dessa espécie vegetal em 10 fragmentos de diferentes tamanhos no Cerrado do Brasil Central entre julho de 2009 a janeiro de 2010. O sucesso reprodutivo foi mensurado através da taxa de produção de frutos e sementes. Para quantificar a abundância do polinizador se fez necessário a coleta das flores, uma vez que o polinizador, L. insularis, se encontrava no interior da câmara floral. Houve uma relação positiva entre o sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum e o tamanho do fragmento. Não houve relação entre a abundância do polinizador e o tamanho do fragmento. Os fragmentos pequenos estão mais distantes da vegetação natural mais próxima, e assim como os fragmentos maiores, possuem matriz do tipo pasto. Isso pode estar dificultando a dispersão do polinizador L. insularis e consequentemente impedindo o fluxo gênico de Cardiopetalum calophyllum entre os fragmentos, levando ao aumento da endogamia e causando falha na fertilização ou aborto de sementes durante o desenvolvimento nesses fragmentos. A abundância do polinizador Lobiopa insularis parece estar mais associada ao seu hábito generalista e a abundância de recursos, do que ao tamanho do fragmento. Nesse estudo o efeito do tamanho do fragmento no sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum foi mais acentuado nos fragmentos < 10 ha. Entretanto, nos fragmentos com até 20 ha também houve redução no sucesso reprodutivo dessa espécie vegetal.
2

Ecologia reprodutiva de Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) em fragmentos de Cerrado do Brasil Central / Reproductive ecology of Calophyllum Cardiopetalum (Annonaceae) in Cerrado fragments of central Brazil

ELIAS, Marcos Antonio da Silva 31 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marcos_2010_07-05-10.pdf: 927850 bytes, checksum: 13570c6d61616b1413fb06f5e981d383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Habitat fragmentation is one of the main causes of environmental degradation and a great threat to world biodiversity. Fragmentation can disrupt pollination processes, affecting directly or indirectly pollinators and plants. In Brazil, the Cerrado Biome has lost most part of its vegetation cover in the last four decades, becoming a highly fragmented landscape with many small fragments, several medium-size and a few continuous areas of vegetation. Those remnants have high biological diversity with high level of endemism, but very little is known about the reproductive success of their species. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schletdl. (Annonaceae) occurs in the Cerrado of Central Brazil, has dicogamy and is pollinated by small beetle called Lobiopa insularis. The reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the abundance of its pollinator were analyzed in fragment of different size from July 2009 to January 2010. The reproductive success was estimated using fruit and seed set rates. Flowers in anthesis were collected to quantify the pollinator abundance inside them. A positive correlation between reproductive success of C. calophyllum and the fragment size was found. However, no correlation was found between pollinator abundance and fragment size. The small fragments are more isolated than the larger ones. This can decrease the pollinator dispersion and gene flow among fragments, increasing inbreeding within population of small fragments. The abundance of Lobiopa insularis seems to be more related to its generalist habits than to the fragment size. In our study, the effect of fragment size and reproductive success of C. calophyllum was stronger in fragments smaller than 10 ha. However, fragment smaller than 20 ha also showed decrease in their productive success. / A fragmentação de habitats é considerada uma das mais poderosas forças de modificações dos ecossistemas, e em grande parte ocorre como resultado das atividades humanas. O Bioma Cerrado apesar de ser um dos hotspots com prioridades de conservação, nas últimas quatro décadas vem perdendo grande parte de sua cobertura vegetal, tornando-se uma paisagem altamente fragmentada com manchas de vegetação de diferentes tamanhos circundados, principalmente, por pastagem e agricultura. Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schletdl. é uma espécie vegetal presente no Cerrado, pertencente à família Annonaceae, polinizada por besouros pequenos, Lobiopa insularis. Com o objetivo de testar se fragmentos menores apresentam menor sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum e menor abundância do polinizador, L. insularis, foram estudados indivíduos dessa espécie vegetal em 10 fragmentos de diferentes tamanhos no Cerrado do Brasil Central entre julho de 2009 a janeiro de 2010. O sucesso reprodutivo foi mensurado através da taxa de produção de frutos e sementes. Para quantificar a abundância do polinizador se fez necessário a coleta das flores, uma vez que o polinizador, L. insularis, se encontrava no interior da câmara floral. Houve uma relação positiva entre o sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum e o tamanho do fragmento. Não houve relação entre a abundância do polinizador e o tamanho do fragmento. Os fragmentos pequenos estão mais distantes da vegetação natural mais próxima, e assim como os fragmentos maiores, possuem matriz do tipo pasto. Isso pode estar dificultando a dispersão do polinizador L. insularis e consequentemente impedindo o fluxo gênico de Cardiopetalum calophyllum entre os fragmentos, levando ao aumento da endogamia e causando falha na fertilização ou aborto de sementes durante o desenvolvimento nesses fragmentos. A abundância do polinizador Lobiopa insularis parece estar mais associada ao seu hábito generalista e a abundância de recursos, do que ao tamanho do fragmento. Nesse estudo o efeito do tamanho do fragmento no sucesso reprodutivo de C. calophyllum foi mais acentuado nos fragmentos < 10 ha. Entretanto, nos fragmentos com até 20 ha também houve redução no sucesso reprodutivo dessa espécie vegetal.
3

Utilização de imagens Landsat - 5 / TM e SRTM para reconhecimento e análise das mudanças na paisagem da Serra de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil

Diego Araújo de Almeida 24 October 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho objetivou reconhecer e analisar as mudanças na paisagem da Serra de Pacaraima, que está localizada no extremo norte do Estado de Roraima, Brasil. Para isso, foram utilizadas quatro imagens do satélite LANDSAT-5/TM referentes às datas de cobertura 17/02/1990, 04/04/1995, 17/05/1999 e 06/05/2004, sobre as quais se determinou uma área de estudo, e uma imagem de radar do projeto SRTM, para caracterizar o relevo regional. No processamento das imagens LANDSAT-5/TM aplicaram-se técnicas para minimizar os erros decorrentes de sua aquisição. Empregou-se a técnica de segmentação por crescimento de região, em conjunto ao trabalho de campo, a fim de reconhecer as unidades da paisagem local, e a técnica de classificação supervisionada MAXVER, com o intuito de estimar a representação das unidades da paisagem ao longo da série multitemporal. Na imagem SRTM o processamento consistiu na análise do MNT e geração dos mapas hipsométrico e de declividade. Deste modo, quatro unidades de paisagem foram reconhecidas e caracterizadas como: unidade da paisagem de floresta (UPF); savana (UPS); desflorestamento (UPD); e ocupação humana (UPOH) / This work aimed at to recognize and to analyze the changes in the landscape of the Pacaraima Mountain that is located in the extreme north of the Roraima State, Brazil. For that, four images of the satellite LANDSAT-5/TM were used referring the dates of covering 17/02/1990, 04/04/1995, 17/05/1999 and 06/05/2004, on which was determined a study area, and one radar image of the project SRTM, to characterize the regional relief. In the LANDSAT-5/TM images processing techniques were applied to minimize the current mistakes of your acquisition. The segmentation technique by region growing was employ, together at field work, in order to recognize the units of local landscape, and the technique of supervised classification MAXVER, with the intention of to estimate the representation of landscape units along the multitemporal series. In SRTM image the processing consisted in the analysis of MNT and generation of hipsometric and slope maps. This way, four units of landscape were recognized and characterized as: landscape unit of forest (UPF); savanna (UPS); deforestation (UPD); and human occupation (UPOH)
4

Paysage des systèmes de production agropastoraux de l'État du Rondônia - Amazonie brésilienne / Landscape of agricultural production systems in Rondonia state, Brazilian Amazon

De Almeida, Claudio Aparecido 09 December 2016 (has links)
Les accords mondiaux parrainés par l’ONU pour le développement durable et la réduction des émissions de gaz d'effet de serre, proposent la réduction de la déforestation et l'augmentation de la productivité des zones occupées par les systèmes de production agropastoraux. En Amazonie brésilienne, la déforestation couvre une zone de 760,305.5 km2 en 2014. Les différents usages de la zone déforestée ont des impacts environnementaux et des rendements financiers et sociaux spécifiques. Connaître l'occupation et l'usage des terres ainsi que les systèmes de production prédominants dans cet espace est une condition de base de la planification des actions dédiées au développement durable. Cette étude propose des méthodologies destinées à la cartographie détaillée de l'occupation et de l'usage des terres (LULC), et à l'identification de la régionalisation des systèmes de production agropastoraux. La cartographie LULC de l'Amazonie brésilienne a confirmé les résultats des études antérieures montrant que la plupart des surfaces déboisées sont utilisées principalement pour l'élevage (environ 60%), qu’environ 20% sont couvertes par une végétation secondaire et 5% par l’agriculture annuelle de large échelle. La régionalisation des systèmes de production agropastoraux a été réalisée en deux étapes. La première étape a été effectuée au niveau des divisions administratives municipales, en utilisant des données spatialement explicites de LULC et de déforestation, analysées conjointement avec des données socio-économiques spatialisées au niveau municipal. Les résultats de cette première étape de traitement ont permis d'identifier cinq systèmes de production agropastoraux à l'échelle de l'Etat. La configuration territoriale a ainsi montré que chaque système de production crée différents types de paysages. La deuxième étape a été menée sur des cellules de 10x10 km avec des données spatialement explicites de LULC, de déforestation et une matrice de distance aux infrastructures, et en utilisant des métriques paysagères. Il est alors possible de classer le système de production prédominant dans chaque cellule, et d'identifier l'effet de chaque système de production sur le paysage. Neuf systèmes de production agropastoraux ont été mis en évidence : deux dans les forêts (domaine forestier, phase initiale), trois dans l'agriculture (agriculture stricte, agriculture dominante et aires de coexistence) et quatre dans l'élevage (élevage intensifié pour la viande, élevage non intensifié pour la viande, élevage intensifié pour la viande et le lait et élevage non intensifié pour la viande et le lait). Les méthodologies qui résultent de cette thèse permettront la création d'un système opérationnel de surveillance continu et à faible coût de LULC et des systèmes de production agropastoraux dans les territoires déboisés. Grâce à ce système de surveillance, il sera possible de suivre les impacts des politiques publiques qui visent à un développement durable de la région / Recent global agreements sponsored by UN to sustainable development and reduction of greenhouse gases emission, undergo by the reduction of deforestation and an increase of productivity of the areas occupied by agricultural production systems. In 2014 the Brazilian Amazon deforestation reached 760.305,5 km2. This area has different land uses with different financial and social returns and different environmental impacts. To know the land use and land cover (LULC) and the predominant production systems in this deforested area is a basic condition for planning actions and public policies for sustainable development. This study developed methodologies for detailed LULC mapping, and to regionalization of agricultural production systems. The mapping of LULC of Brazilian Amazon confirmed previous studies, showing that most of the deforested area is used for livestock activity (about 60%), followed by secondary vegetation (about 20%) and annual crops (about 5%). Regionalization of agricultural production systems was carried out in two stages. The first one was carried out at local administrative boundary, using spatially explicit data of LULC and deforestation, analyzed in conjunction with municipal socioeconomic data spatialized at local level. Based on these results we identified, among five agricultural production systems at the state level. The dimension of territorial configuration showed that each agricultural production system form different types of landscapes. The second stage was conduced with cells of 10 X 10 Km, with LULC spatially explicit data, deforestation and a matrix of distance to infrastructure elements, and using landscape metrics. Was possible to classify the predominant agricultural production system in each cell, and identify the effect of these systems on the landscape. Nine agricultural production systems were found: two in forest domains (Forest Domain, Initial Front), three in agriculture domain (Strict Agriculture, Dominant Agriculture and Coexistence Area) and four in livestock domain (Intensified Beef, Not Intensified Beef, Intensified Beef-Milk and Not Intensified Beef-Milk). The methodologies resulted from this thesis will enable the creation of an operational monitoring system of LULC, continuous and at low cost, and also of the prevailing agricultural production system in each of the deforested territory. With this monitoring system, it will be possible to follow up the effect of public policies in the region, looking for sustainable development.

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