<p>Istraživanja u ovom radu obuhvatila su analizu najznačajnijih<br />prirodnih i kulturno-socioloških faktora koji utiču na formiranje<br />karaktera predela na području obuvaćenom Prostornim Planom<br />područja posebne namene Fruške gore do 2022. godine. Izdvajanjem i<br />opisom karaktera predela ukazano je na značaj ovog područja u pogledu<br />raznovrsnosti predela, formirana je osnova za praćenje promena<br />karaktera predela, polazna tačka za menadžment planove, kao i osnova<br />za donošenje odluka o zaštiti i uređenju predela. Prikazana i<br />primenjena metodologija u procesu karakterizacije predela pokazala<br />se kao pogodna za primenu i na regionalnom nivou.</p> / <p>The thesis explores the most important natural and socio-cultural factors that influence<br />the creation of Fru&scaron;ka gora landscape character. With the landscape character<br />identification and assessment, the importance of this area in terms of landscape<br />diversity has been pointed out, the basis for monitoring changes in the landscape<br />character has been established as well as input to management plans and the basis<br />for making decisions on landscape protection and planing. The presented and applied<br />methodology in the landscape characterization process proved to be suitable for use at<br />the regional level as well.</p>

This diploma thesis deals with the preventive assessment of the landscape character of the cadastral territory of Rabštejn nad Střelou. The evaluated area extends into the Nature Park and there is a small specially protected area called Střela Nature Reserve. The research area outside of the natural wealth is also rich in historical buildings. The research part has the focus on the analysis of the landscape of Rabštejn nad Střelou. The territory has been assessed on the basis of identified natural, cultural and historical features and values of landscape character. For each of the traits, its significance, expression and value were determined. For the cadastral area the degree of preservation of the landscape character, its aesthetic value and the degree of protection were determined. On the basis of the analysis, specific proposals for increasing the value of the landscape character were set.

Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) provides a structured approach to identifying the character and distinctiveness about the landscape. It is a tool used to identify what makes a location unique, a set of techniques and procedures used to map differences between landscapes based on their physical, cultural and historical characteristics. Although the UK has committed to assessing all of its landscapes by signing the European Landscape Convention in 2006, only 60% of coverage has been achieved. The majority of LCAs are carried out by professional environment or landscape consultancies rather than ‘in-house’. Geographical Information Systems are increasingly being used to collate and analyse data and produce character maps. This research presents a Spatial Decision Support System (LCA-SDSS) based in ArcGIS 9.3 that can be used to support decision makers in conducting a LCA. The LCA-SDSS provides a method for storing data, a model base for the assessment of Landform, Ground Type, Land Cover & Cultural attributes and a method for the user to interact with the resulting maps. Using the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) as a study area the SDSS was developed and tested, resulting in character maps for each stage of the modelling and a final characterisation map. These maps were compared to a LCA conducted by a professional environmental consultant and were found to have produced a good quality assessment as verified by the end user at the Tamar Valley AONB Partnership.

The protection and enhancement of visual resources constitute an on-going challenge to the planning authorities in many communities. The crux of this challenge is to guide development towards built and natural landscape forms that will not cause detriment to an existing landscape character. To understand and cope with this problem, there is the need for a means to define and model a landscape's character, to identify methods for constructing that character definition, to create tools for storing and using such a definition to visualize its spatial manifestations, and to incorporate alternative development regulatory parameters in order to assess their impact on landscape character. Current spatial data technologies are able to portray inventories of specific, real-world objects. While well established in the planning profession, these technologies and their attendant data manipulation tools do not easily facilitate the creation of generalized, non-specific statements that are applicable across a region. Such generalized statements regarding visual and spatial features are at the heart of descriptions of landscape character and implicit within most planning regulations intended to produce a desirable landscape character. Current spatial data tools therefore do not satisfy the stated needs of planning for landscape character. In satisfying these conceptual, methodological and technological deficiencies, the research presented in this dissertation defines and demonstrates a theory of landscape grammar which formally draws parallels between the structures of linguistics and the character of landscapes. A landscape grammar defines a landscape character using a spatial vocabulary and syntax rules and can be applied to a site to generate landscape forms that embody the defined character. In this dissertation, the spatial counterparts of the linguistic concepts of vocabulary and grammar rules are formalized and implemented for use in a custom-developed geographic information system. Methods that enable the use of landscape grammars in a planning environment are presented and subsequently applied through the formal expression of planning regulations into the grammar-based model. The theory, methods and software implementation are demonstrated using a residential area of the island of Bermuda. The iterative grammatical generation of an example two-dimensional landscape scene is demonstrated with further three-dimensional representations of the results for visualization purposes. Alternative planning regulations are also incorporated into the case study grammar and resultant three-dimensional landscapes are shown. Several suggestions for future research on landscape grammars are offered in the conclusions of the dissertation.

The protection and enhancement of visual resources constitute an on-going challenge to the planning authorities in many communities. The crux of this challenge is to guide development towards built and natural landscape forms that will not cause detriment to an existing landscape character. To understand and cope with this problem, there is the need for a means to define and model a landscape's character, to identify methods for constructing that character definition, to create tools for storing and using such a definition to visualize its spatial manifestations, and to incorporate alternative development regulatory parameters in order to assess their impact on landscape character. Current spatial data technologies are able to portray inventories of specific, real-world objects. While well established in the planning profession, these technologies and their attendant data manipulation tools do not easily facilitate the creation of generalized, non-specific statements that are applicable across a region. Such generalized statements regarding visual and spatial features are at the heart of descriptions of landscape character and implicit within most planning regulations intended to produce a desirable landscape character. Current spatial data tools therefore do not satisfy the stated needs of planning for landscape character. In satisfying these conceptual, methodological and technological deficiencies, the research presented in this dissertation defines and demonstrates a theory of landscape grammar which formally draws parallels between the structures of linguistics and the character of landscapes. A landscape grammar defines a landscape character using a spatial vocabulary and syntax rules and can be applied to a site to generate landscape forms that embody the defined character. In this dissertation, the spatial counterparts of the linguistic concepts of vocabulary and grammar rules are formalized and implemented for use in a custom-developed geographic information system. Methods that enable the use of landscape grammars in a planning environment are presented and subsequently applied through the formal expression of planning regulations into the grammar-based model. The theory, methods and software implementation are demonstrated using a residential area of the island of Bermuda. The iterative grammatical generation of an example two-dimensional landscape scene is demonstrated with further three-dimensional representations of the results for visualization purposes. Alternative planning regulations are also incorporated into the case study grammar and resultant three-dimensional landscapes are shown. Several suggestions for future research on landscape grammars are offered in the conclusions of the dissertation.

The theme of this diploma thesis was effect building a golf course on the environment - EIA Czech Krumlov. On location Kvítkův Dvůr in Czech Krumlov was suggested build an 18-hole golf course. Construction of a golf course in this area may significantly distort the historical landscape. On the given locality conducted a biological exploration. Research has proved that there are no rare or endangered plant and animal species, therefore, the realization was possible. However Kvítkův Dvůr is an important cultural monument, which falls into the protection zone urban conservation.

This thesis is focused on the evaluation of revitalization in urbanized landscape in relation to landscape character. Specifically to assess the landscape character before the overall revitalization and subsequent evaluate the changes in landscape character after revitalization. For this thesis was selected the natural-landscape park of Vlašim, like a urbanized landscape area. The landscape character was evaluated individually by the natural, cultural and historic characteristics. In this work have also been summarized and described individually stages of revitalization projects and then reassessed individual characteristics of landscape character again. The work premised on a careful exploration of landscape, get the necessary materials and processed some graphic shapes in programme ArcGIS. The final aim was to suggest principles for implementation of revitalization in terms of increasing the value of the landscape character.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to assess the influence of the building's intention on landscape character. In the theoretical part, concepts such as countryside and landscape character, their anchoring in the legislation, are explained. The methodological procedures used for assessment of the landscape character are also described. Practical part is own evaluation and assessment according to the method of spatial and character differentiation of territory, compiled by doc. Ivan Vorel and his colleagues in 2004. First, the characteristics of the territory are determined. Then, by visualization, determined the landscape area concerned, and determined the landscape character values in it. The result is an assessment of the influence of the intention of building the lookout tower on the Třemšín hill, on the landscape in its surroundings, ie in Rožmitál.

My diploma work deals with problems and evaluation of landscape character in chosen places in Novohradské Mountains. At first there was created a basic characteristic of the evaluated places on the basis of data from historical, geographical and statistical sources. These places were chosen according to their archive accessability, especially with the aid of contemporary photos. Consequently a proper field research was realized which was concentrated on the analysis beforehand determined criteria of the evaluation. Together with this searching there was executed also evaluation of aesthetical incidence. As well this evaluation was realized according to beforehand determined criteria. The main aim of my paper is to catch given places from the view of the extant archive materials and to explore the changes in landscape from the consequent comparison of original and newly created pictures from these places.

The protection of landscape in the law This thesis deals with the legal protection of landscape, focusing on its general protection, i.e., the protection of the landscape outside built-up areas excluding its special protected parts. The main aim of the submitted thesis is to present the basic overview on legal institutes that are provided by the substantial law in force for general landscape protection and, moreover, to describe the most significant ones in detail. The thesis is divided into three chapters, each of them devoted to the study of various aspects of the issue under investigation. In the introductory chapter, general grounds of the landscape protection are described. It is subdivided into three parts. The first part attempts to give a precise meaning to the term "landscape". Further, the historical development of legal landscape protection is outlined in the second part. Finally, the third part deals with the significance of landscape, factors affected its current state, and reasons for its protection. Chapter Two focuses on the substantive law on the international level. Special attention is paid to The European Landscape Convention which represents the only international tool concerning with the landscape itself as its main subject. The rate of implementation of goals covered by The...