Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate the semantic features of human beings in Tshivenda. For this purpose the theoretical assumptions of Lexical semantics were taken as the starting-point of the investigation. Various concepts such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, hipernymy and lexical hierarchy are discussed. The semantic features of human beings are classified into two subclasses of features, i.e. physical and psychological features. The physical features which are prominent in Tshivenda are the following: age, physically disadvantaged, body shape, body part, body position and colour. Six subcategories of psychological features are recognized: intelligent, retarded, timid, good and bad behaviour, and habits. These features are represented by nouns in Tshivenda and such nouns may this function as semantic adjectives with a descriptive function. In the discussion of these features, attention is also given to the derivation of the nouns which have these features, i.e. whether derived or not, or whether there are compound nouns with these features. Attention is also given to the contribution of the noun class prefix to the semantics of these nouns. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die semantiese kenmerke van mense in Tshivenda te ondersoek. Vir hierdie doel is die teoretiese aannames van die Leksikale semantiek geneem as die beginpunt van die ondersoek. Verskeie konsepte soos sinoniem, antoniem, hiponiem, hipernoniem en leksikale hierargie is bespreek. Die semantiese kenmerke van mense word geklassifiseer in twee subklasse van kenmerke, die fisiese en psigologiese kenmerke. Die fisiese kenmerke wat prominent is in Tshivenda is die volgende: ouderdom, fisies benadeel, liggaamsvorm, liggaamsdeel, liggaamsposisie en kleur. Ses subkategrieë van psigologiese kenmerke is gevind: intelligent, vertraag, skugter, goeie en slegte gedrag, en verskeie gewoontes. Hierdie kenmerke is teenwoordig in naamwoorde in Tshivenda en sulke naamwoorde kan dus funksioneer as semantiese adjektiewe met 'n deskriptiewe funksie. In die bespeking van hierdie kenmerke is aandag ook gegee aan die afleiding van die naamwoorde wat hierdie kenmerke het, d.i. of hulle afgelei is of nie, en of hulle saamgestelde naamwoorde is met hierdie kenmerke. Aandag is ook gegee aan die bydrae van die naamwoordklasprefiks tot die semantiek van hierdie naamwoorde.

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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004 / Refer to document

published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed 28 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Mandarin Chinese has a very interesting and complex aspectual system. This thesis studies this system from a new perspective, a modified version of Smith's (1991) two-component theory. It is shown that the modifications developed in the thesis increase the explanatory power of the theory so that a clearer picture of the Mandarin Chinese system is obtained. Situation aspect is compositional in nature. It is determined by the interaction of the intrinsic nature of the verb, the kind of argument the verb takes and certain other phrases that may occur in the sentence. In this thesis, a three level model is developed to account for the compositional nature of aspect. It is argued that aspect composition processes take place at three different levels: (i) the lexical level through some lexical processes; (ii) the subcategorizational level through the interaction of the verb and its arguments and (iii) the post-subcategorizational level through the interaction of the core sentence and certain adverbial constituents. This model has a few advantages. First, it defines clearly what plays what role in situation aspect composition processes. Secondly, this model makes it possible to talk in clear terms of verb types and situation types. Actually this model replaces Smith's situation shifting with situation formation. The three-level model is supplemented by two new criteria for verb classifications and a further distinction between boundedness and telicity. The two new criteria are: (i) the (±result) feature that distinguishes Accomplishment verbs from Achievement verbs and (ii) the (±bounded) feature that distinguishes Activity verbs from Semelfactive verbs. The distinction between boundedness and telicity differentiates temporal boundaries and spatial boundaries, the former is referred to by the feature (±bounded), and the latter is referred to by the feature (±telic). In light of the modified version of Smith's two component theory, the Mandarin Chinese aspectual system is shown to fit in the big picture of the universal grammar. The perfective and the imperfective are the two basic viewpoints in Mandarin Chinese. The perfective is marked by le and guo, and the imperfective is marked by zai and zhe. However, these viewpoints have some language specific properties. The most outstanding special properties are displayed by le. Unlike the perfective in languages like English and French, the perfective marker le does not provide a final endpoint. It only emphasizes the occurrence of a situation as a whole. As a consequence, it requires that the situation it marks is either (+bounded) or (+telic). Guo provides an endpoint to situations and so it is compatible with any situation type either open-ended or closed. However, as it emphasizes the experiential meaning of a particular event, it is limited in use pragmatically. Zai emphasizes the progress of a situation, it is not sensitive to endpoint at all. Its function is close to the English progressive form and like the English progressive form, it fits in the general imperfective schema. Zhe imposes a static view to situations, and because of this property, zhe is selective about situation types. In Mandarin Chinese, there are some constructions that show certain syntactic and semantic constraints. These constraints are studied in light of the aspectual theory adopted and developed in the thesis. And it is argued that a top-down approach advocated by the Construction Grammar and the Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar may well explain the form-meaning correspondences of these constructions. / Graduate

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / John M. Hatcliff / High-integrity applications are safety- and security-critical applications developed for a variety of critical tasks. The correctness of these applications must be thoroughly tested or formally verified to ensure their reliability and robustness. The major properties to be verified for the correctness of applications include: (1) functional properties, capturing the expected behaviors of a software, (2) dataflow property, tracking data dependency and preventing secret data from leaking to the public, and (3) robustness property, the ability of a program to deal with errors during execution. This dissertation presents and explores formal verification and proof technique, a promising technique using rigorous mathematical methods, to verify critical applications from the above three aspects. Our research is carried out in the context of SPARK, a programming language designed for development of safety- and security-critical applications. First, we have formalized in the Coq proof assistant the dynamic semantics for a significant subset of the SPARK 2014 language, which includes run-time checks as an integral part of the language, as any formal methods for program specification and verification depend on the unambiguous semantics of the language. Second, we have formally defined and proved the correctness of run-time checks generation and optimization based on SPARK reference semantics, and have built the certifying tools within the mechanized proof infrastructure to certify the run-time checks inserted by the GNAT compiler frontend to guarantee the absence of run-time errors. Third, we have proposed a language-based information security policy framework and the associated enforcement algorithm, which is proved to be sound with respect to the formalized program semantics. We have shown how the policy framework can be integrated into SPARK 2014 for more advanced information security analysis.

陳榮開. / "2005年1月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves 68-72). / "2005 nian 1 yue". / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Chen Rongkai. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 68-72). / 論文目錄 / 中文提要 --- p.3 / 英文提要 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一章- --- 引言 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章- --- 今文《¯‘ة書´Ø周書》詞彙與西周金文互證 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節： --- 《周書》詞彙訓釋證補 --- p.9 / Chapter (1) --- 《周書》「毖」字與金文「霸」字 / Chapter (2) --- 《周書》「由」、「迪」與金文「早」字 / Chapter (3) --- 《周書´Ø康誥》「衣德言」 / Chapter (4) --- 《周書´Ø召誥》「其惟王位在德元」 / Chapter (5) --- 《周書´Ø康誥》「不敢侮鰥寡，庸庸祗祗威威顯民」 / Chapter 第二節： --- 《周書》所見今、古文有異說之詞彙探析 --- p.29 / Chapter (1) --- 《周書》「懋」、「冒」、「勖」與金文「覭」字 / Chapter (2) --- 《周書》「懋」、「冒」、「勖」今、古文不同用法分析 / Chapter (3) --- 《周書》「寧王」問題 / Chapter (4) --- 《周書´Ø大誥》「休畢」 / Chapter (5) --- 《周書´Ø康誥》「周公初基作新大邑于東國洛」 / Chapter (6) --- 《周書´Ø酒誥》「辜在商邑越殷國滅無罹」 / Chapter (7) --- 《周書´Ø洛誥》「殷乃引考」 / Chapter (8) --- 《周書´Ø立政》「耿光」 / Chapter 第三章- --- 今文《¯‘ة書´Ø周書》歎詞、助詞、代詞與西周金文互證硏究 --- p.52 / Chapter 第一節： --- 歎詞、助詞與西周金文互證 --- p.52 / Chapter (1) --- 嗚呼 / Chapter (2) --- 已、噫、徂 / Chapter (3) --- 矣 / Chapter 第二節： --- 代詞與西周金文互證 --- p.59 / Chapter (1) --- 我 / Chapter (2) --- 予 / Chapter (3) --- 朕 / Chapter 第四章- --- 總結 --- p.64 / 參考書目及參考論文 --- p.68 / 附錄一----今文《周書》歎詞「嗚呼」用例表 --- p.73 / 附錄二----今文《周書》與西周金文字例互證舉隅 --- p.75 / 附錄三----本文引用古文字材料拓本或摹本 --- p.79