The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the feasibility of the transdermal delivery of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) by means of the novel PheroidTM technology system. 'The application of the latter is being investigated in combination with various actives such as peptides (insulin, human growth hormone), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine), anti-fungals (ketoconazole), local anaesthetics (lidocaine, prilocaine) as well as tuberculostatics (ethambutol, pyrazinamide etc.) via different administration routes at the North- West University. PheroidTM, a stable skin-friendly carrier, comprises of a submicron (200 nm - 2 m) emulsion type formulation for which previous studies have confirmed the ability to penetrate keratinised tissue, skin, intestinal linings, the vascular system, fungi, bacteria and even parasites. Studies involving an oral PheroidTM formulation containing the current approved regime of four anti-tuberculosis drugs showed improved efficacy results whilst an in vitro analysis of bacterial growth indicated a reduction in drug resistance in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains. Therefore we thought it prudent to ascertain whether or not the PheroidTM system would be able to improve the transdermal delivery of a combination of INH and RMP as a possible treatment against cutaneous tuberculosis (tuberculosis involving the skin). The latter refers to pathological lesions of the skin caused by any one of the following: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis or the bacilli Calmette- Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Demonstration of M. tuberculosis within the infected tissues by traditional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirms the diagnosis. CTB lesions are associated with various degrees of one or more of the following ulceration, plaque formation, hyperkeratosis or the presence of necrotic matter. Seeing as C-TB is mostly associated with systemic involvement, current treatment comprises of the standard three/four drug regimens used for pulmonary 'TB in general. Cases of CTB usually show improvement within 1 month of therapy with anti-TB drugs, but complete resolution is only attained after 4 - 6 months. 'The major drawback to current therapy is that patients not only remain a source of infection (viable organisms can still be demonstrated in the lesions), but they also suffer from constant embarrassment due to the disfiguring nature of CTB until these lesions have healed completely. No evidence of an already existing topical formulation of this kind could be found. Therefore in vitro permeation studies were conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells and female abdominal skin as permeation membrane over a period of 12 hours. Concentrations of 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml for isoniazid( INH) and rifampicin (RMP) respectively, were applied to the donor phase suspended in either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or entrapped in PheroidTM. Permeation studies were conducted at pH 5.5. In vitro penetration of INH and RMP were assayed directly by HPLC. Particle size distribution for rifampicin and entrapment of actives within the PheroidTM carrier system was determined by polarized light and laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) respectively and revealed definite entrapment. Permeation profiles obtained for INH in PheroidTM indicated a biphasic character, whilst that obtained for RMP in PheroidTM showed a triphasic character. The PheroidTM delivery system proved more efficacious for delivery of both anti-tubercular drugs and resulted in greater percentage yield as well as flux values than that for a PBS solution. Furthermore, the PheroidTM formulation was able to deliver, the entrapped INH and RMP in concentrations sufficient to exceed their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the feasibility of the transdermal delivery of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) by means of the novel PheroidTM technology system. 'The application of the latter is being investigated in combination with various actives such as peptides (insulin, human growth hormone), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine), anti-fungals (ketoconazole), local anaesthetics (lidocaine, prilocaine) as well as tuberculostatics (ethambutol, pyrazinamide etc.) via different administration routes at the North- West University. PheroidTM, a stable skin-friendly carrier, comprises of a submicron (200 nm - 2 m) emulsion type formulation for which previous studies have confirmed the ability to penetrate keratinised tissue, skin, intestinal linings, the vascular system, fungi, bacteria and even parasites. Studies involving an oral PheroidTM formulation containing the current approved regime of four anti-tuberculosis drugs showed improved efficacy results whilst an in vitro analysis of bacterial growth indicated a reduction in drug resistance in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains. Therefore we thought it prudent to ascertain whether or not the PheroidTM system would be able to improve the transdermal delivery of a combination of INH and RMP as a possible treatment against cutaneous tuberculosis (tuberculosis involving the skin). The latter refers to pathological lesions of the skin caused by any one of the following: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis or the bacilli Calmette- Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Demonstration of M. tuberculosis within the infected tissues by traditional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirms the diagnosis. CTB lesions are associated with various degrees of one or more of the following ulceration, plaque formation, hyperkeratosis or the presence of necrotic matter. Seeing as C-TB is mostly associated with systemic involvement, current treatment comprises of the standard three/four drug regimens used for pulmonary 'TB in general. Cases of CTB usually show improvement within 1 month of therapy with anti-TB drugs, but complete resolution is only attained after 4 - 6 months. 'The major drawback to current therapy is that patients not only remain a source of infection (viable organisms can still be demonstrated in the lesions), but they also suffer from constant embarrassment due to the disfiguring nature of CTB until these lesions have healed completely. No evidence of an already existing topical formulation of this kind could be found. Therefore in vitro permeation studies were conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells and female abdominal skin as permeation membrane over a period of 12 hours. Concentrations of 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml for isoniazid( INH) and rifampicin (RMP) respectively, were applied to the donor phase suspended in either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or entrapped in PheroidTM. Permeation studies were conducted at pH 5.5. In vitro penetration of INH and RMP were assayed directly by HPLC. Particle size distribution for rifampicin and entrapment of actives within the PheroidTM carrier system was determined by polarized light and laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) respectively and revealed definite entrapment. Permeation profiles obtained for INH in PheroidTM indicated a biphasic character, whilst that obtained for RMP in PheroidTM showed a triphasic character. The PheroidTM delivery system proved more efficacious for delivery of both anti-tubercular drugs and resulted in greater percentage yield as well as flux values than that for a PBS solution. Furthermore, the PheroidTM formulation was able to deliver, the entrapped INH and RMP in concentrations sufficient to exceed their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The membrane aerated bioreactor (MABR) is a unique technological innovation where a gas permeable membrane is applied to biological processes. In an MABR, oxygen and other substrates diffuse from the opposite directions into a biofilm, and thus simultaneous chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal can be achieved. However, controlling biofilm thickness, stability, and attachment is challenging. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of oxygen partial pressure on process performance with respect to nitrogen removal and examine the biomass properties in MABRs at different oxygen partial pressures and COD loadings. The conditions within the bioreactors were based on a low hydrodynamic condition (average fluid velocity 22 cm/min along the membrane surface), with the intention of minimizing the impact of the hydrodynamic shear on biomass properties. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were achieved in the reactors, and increasing oxygen partial pressure enhanced the total nitrogen removal. The biomass at the membrane-biofilm interface was more porous at a loading of 11.3 kg COD/1000 m2/day (areal porosity about 0.9) as compared with a loading of 22.6 kg COD/1000 m2/day (areal porosity about 0.7), indicating carbon substrate was limiting near the membrane. Long-term (over 30 days) experimental results showed that at the loading of 11.3 kg COD/1000 m2/day, the oxygen partial pressures of 0.59 atm and 0.88 atm caused over 80% of the biomass to become suspended in the bulk phase while at 0.25 atm and 0.41 atm oxygen over 97% of the biomass was immobilized on the membrane. There is a critical oxygen partial pressure that can sustain the biofilm, which increases with an increasing COD loading. The nitrifying population in the reactors was examined by applying fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). At the loading of 22.6 kg COD/1000 m2/day, there were 12% beta-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and 17%Nitrobacter in homogenized biofilm biomass at 0.59 atm oxygen while there were 7% beta-proteobacterial AOB and 4% Nitrobacter at 0.25 atm oxygen. The ratio of protein to carbohydrate in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the homogenized biomass in the reactor decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Surface characterization of the biomass revealed that the higher the oxygen partial pressure, the lower the biomass hydrophobicity and surface charge. The ratio of EPS protein to carbohydrate in a membrane aerated biofilm decreased when approaching the membrane-biofilm interface. The distribution of nitrifiers and dissolved oxygen profiles inside the biofilm suggested that dual substrate limitations exist, and it was concluded that the membrane aerated biofilm had an aerobic region in the inner layer and an anoxic region in the outer layer. It is proposed that the loss of EPS due to secondary substrate consumption, especially the loss of EPS proteins, at the bottom of the biofilm was responsible for biofilm detachment subjected to a critical oxygen partial pressure.

This study aims to present and evaluate a new method for measuring the distribution of snow within built-up environments by differencing elevations collected by an Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) before, and during peak snow accumulation. Few efforts have been made to study the distribution of snow within built-up environments due to the false assumption that high-intensity rainfall is the main contributor to peak yearly runoff rates. Traditional techniques for measuring snow are often difficult to replicate in built-up environments due to incompatibility of methods and barriers such as buildings, roads and private property. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, specifically ALSs, have previously been used to characterize the distribution of snow under forest canopy, and in remote mountain environments. This study investigates and assesses the utility of high resolution, non-intrusive ALS data for estimating the depth and distribution of snow within the town of Uxbridge, Ontario. ALS flights for this study were completed before the onset of snow accumulation, as well as near peak snow accumulation for the winters of 2010 and 2011. Pre and post snow accumulation ALS measured elevations were differenced to estimate the depth of the snowpack across the entire study area at a resolution of 0.5 m. Ground measurements of snow depth were also completed within 24 hours of each of the winter flights. The LiDAR-estimated and ground-measured snow depths were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Results from this thesis show that: 1) Snow depths estimated by differencing elevations from two ALS flights show a MAE of 3 cm and an RMSE of 10 cm when compared to ground-measured snow depths. (2) There is a strong, statistically significant relationship (ρ = 0:82, p < 0:001) between LiDAR-estimated and ground-measured snow depths. (3) An average bias of -3 cm was found for the entire dataset showing an underestimation in the LiDAR-estimated snow depths most likely caused by the effects of low lying vegetation on the fall ALS measurements. The results presented in this study demonstrate that ALSs are capable of providing high spatial resolution snow depth estimates within built-up environments. Furthermore, snow depth measurements made using an ALS can be used to increase the current body of knowledge on the distribution and re-distribution of snow within built-up environments. Snow distributions measured by an ALS could also be used for future development and verification of urban hydrological models.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat, Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2003.

Revisiting a crime scene is a vital part of investigating a crime. When physically visiting a crime scene there is however always a risk of contaminating the scene, and when working on a cold case, chances are that the physical crime has been altered. This thesis aims to explore what tools a criminal investigator would need to investigate a crime in a virtual environment and if a virtual reconstruction of a crime scene can be used to aid investigators when solving crimes. To explore these questions, an application has been developed in Unreal Engine that uses virtual reality (VR) to investigate a scene, reconstructed from data that has been obtained through laser scanning. The result is an application where the user is located in the court of Stockholm city, which was scanned with a laser scanner by NFC in conjunction with the terror attack on Drottninggatan in April 2017. The user can choose between a set of tools, e.g. a measuring tool and to place certain objects in the scene, in order to draw conclusions of what has happened. User tests with criminal investigators show that this type of application might be of use in some way for the Swedish police. It is however not clear how or when this would be possible which can be expected since this is a new type of application that has not been used by the police before.

Tendo em vista ganhos expressivos na inovação e na competitividade, o setor joalheiro nacional busca constantemente incorporar novos recursos a fim de eliminar erros e agilizar a fabricação de modelos. Dentre as diversas tecnologias passíveis de serem empregadas na produção de joias, a usinagem CNC, é amplamente utilizada por empresas de todos os portes. A usinagem, associada à microfusão, aprimora o processo de produção de joias em larga escala, pois reduz o índice de retrabalho, de perda de material e garante maior qualidade e produtividade mantendo a expressividade formal da peça original. O presente trabalho propõe um estudo acerca das tecnologias de modelagem do setor joalheiro, dando foco aos processos de fresamento. Com o auxílio da digitalização tridimensional, foi feita uma análise comparativa das etapas envolvidas no processo de fabricação de joias. Foi possível verificar, pelos resultados obtidos, que a influência da velocidade de avanço no acabamento das peças: velocidades mais baixas resultaram em superfícies com menor rugosidade aparente e permitiram a obtenção de seções mais estreitas. Além disso, os ensaios possibilitaram a definição das velocidades adequadas para a relação produtividade versus acabamento. Foram ainda determinadas relações entre as propriedades mecânicas do material e os parâmetros testados, comprovando-se que, dentre as ceras estudadas, aquela de maior dureza (63 na escala Shore D) resulta em melhores condições de acabamento. Este trabalho indica a viabilidade de otimização do processo de fabricação de joias, pois avalia as condições de usinagem em relação ao tempo, bem como a possibilidade de redução das operações de acabamento realizadas após obtenção dos modelos por usinagem. Análises realizadas por digitalização tridimensional indicam que o principal ponto de perda dimensional é a etapa de confecção dos moldes de borracha de silicone e injeção de cera, seguido pela usinagem dos modelos. Entretanto, se esse significativo desvio resultante da produção dos moldes e da injeção for corrigido, a qualidade superficial dos modelos obtidos por usinagem CNC passa a ser fundamental. Esses processos devem, portanto, ser reavaliados, a fim de reduzir os erros gerados nas etapas intermediárias da produção de joias em larga escala. / Given significant gains in innovation and competitiveness, the national jewelry sector constantly seeks to incorporate new features, in order to eliminate errors and streamline the manufacturing of models. Among the various technologies that can be used to produce jewelry, CNC machining, is widely used by businesses of all sizes. Machining process associated with casting, improves the large-scale production of jewelry, because it reduces the rework rate, material loss and ensures higher quality and productivity while maintaining the formal expressiveness of the original part. This research proposes a study about modeling technologies of the jewelry industry, giving focus to milling processes. Aided by three-dimensional scanning, it was performed a comparative analysis of the involved steps in the manufacturing process of jewelry. Based on obtained results, it was possible to verify the influence of feed speed in the finishing of parts: lower feed speeds resulted in surfaces with roughness less apparent and allowed to obtain narrower sections. Moreover, the tests enabled the definition of appropriated feed speeds to the ratio productivity versus finishing. Relationship between mechanical properties and tested parameters was determined, proving that among the studied waxes, the hardest one (63 in Shore D scale) results in better finish. This study indicates the optimization feasibility of jewelry manufacturing process, once it evaluates the machining conditions in relation to time, as well as the possibility of reducing the finishing operations carried out after obtaining models by machining. Analyses performed by three-dimensional scanning indicate that the greater dimensional loss is in the steps of silicon rubber mold production and wax injection, followed by the machining process of models. However, if this significant deviation from production of molds and injection is corrected, the surface quality of models obtained by CNC machining becomes crucial. Therefore, these processes must be reevaluated in order to reduce errors generated in intermediate stages on large-scale production of jewelry.

Submitted by Fernanda Magri Torres null (nanda_fmt@hotmail.com) on 2016-05-23T12:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TORRES_FM_Dissertação_2016.pdf: 3116110 bytes, checksum: 16246177d1049fd90ac81bbb011d622f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-31T12:13:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 torres_fm_me_prud.pdf: 3116110 bytes, checksum: 16246177d1049fd90ac81bbb011d622f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T12:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 torres_fm_me_prud.pdf: 3116110 bytes, checksum: 16246177d1049fd90ac81bbb011d622f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com o avanço da tecnologia, sistemas de varredura a LASER vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados como alternativa e, principalmente, como fonte de dados complementar aos procedimentos fotogramétricos convencionais em atividades de mapeamento e estudos ambientais. Os principais motivos que incentivaram o uso de sistemas a varredura a LASER para fins de mapeamento são o levantamento tridimensional da cena e a característica de “penetração” do sinal na vegetação. Apesar destas vantagens, o custo de sistemas de varredura a LASER e das missões de aerolevantamento é alto. Estudos que dependem de Sensoriamento Remoto aéreo com alta frequência temporal são muitas vezes limitados, pois os métodos convencionais aéreos com veículos tripulados são geralmente caros e, assim, não são acessíveis para estudos detalhados que requerem informação de séries temporais de pequenas áreas. Para estas situações, a nova tecnologia baseada em VANT pode ser uma alternativa viável e de baixo custo. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma plataforma de mapeamento de baixo custo, composta por um sistema de varredura a LASER embarcado em VANT, destacando-se as etapas de integração e sincronização do sistema de varredura a LASER com os sistemas de posicionamento e navegação integrados, a aquisição e processamento dos dados e a interpretação e análise dos resultados visando avaliar a precisão obtida e a aplicabilidade do sistema em áreas de florestas. Para a avaliação do sistema foram realizados experimentos em duas áreas distintas com diferentes alturas de voo, comprovando-se que esta tecnologia pode ser usada para a geração de dados tridimensionais. / Technology development has improving the use of LASER scanning systems as an alternative and, mainly, as a complementary data source to conventional photogrammetric procedures in mapping and environmental study activities. The main reasons that encouraged the use of LASER scanning systems for mapping purposes are the three-dimensional surveying of the scene and the characteristic of signal penetration in vegetation. Despite these advantages, costs of LASER scanning systems and airborne surveying missions are high. Studies that depend on aerial Remote Sensing with high temporal frequency are often limited because aerial conventional methods with manned aircrafts are generally expensive and so are affordable for detailed studies of small areas requiring temporal series information. For these situations, the new lightweight UAV-based technology can be a viable and cost effective alternative. This work deals with the development and evaluation of a low cost mapping platform composed by a LASER scanning system boarded in a small UAV, highlighting the steps of integration and synchronization of the LASER scanning system with the positioning and navigation systems integrated, the acquisition and processing of data and the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained to evaluate the precision and applicability of the system in forest areas. Experimental assessment was done in two areas with different flight heights and the results were compatible with the required accuracy.

Tendo em vista ganhos expressivos na inovação e na competitividade, o setor joalheiro nacional busca constantemente incorporar novos recursos a fim de eliminar erros e agilizar a fabricação de modelos. Dentre as diversas tecnologias passíveis de serem empregadas na produção de joias, a usinagem CNC, é amplamente utilizada por empresas de todos os portes. A usinagem, associada à microfusão, aprimora o processo de produção de joias em larga escala, pois reduz o índice de retrabalho, de perda de material e garante maior qualidade e produtividade mantendo a expressividade formal da peça original. O presente trabalho propõe um estudo acerca das tecnologias de modelagem do setor joalheiro, dando foco aos processos de fresamento. Com o auxílio da digitalização tridimensional, foi feita uma análise comparativa das etapas envolvidas no processo de fabricação de joias. Foi possível verificar, pelos resultados obtidos, que a influência da velocidade de avanço no acabamento das peças: velocidades mais baixas resultaram em superfícies com menor rugosidade aparente e permitiram a obtenção de seções mais estreitas. Além disso, os ensaios possibilitaram a definição das velocidades adequadas para a relação produtividade versus acabamento. Foram ainda determinadas relações entre as propriedades mecânicas do material e os parâmetros testados, comprovando-se que, dentre as ceras estudadas, aquela de maior dureza (63 na escala Shore D) resulta em melhores condições de acabamento. Este trabalho indica a viabilidade de otimização do processo de fabricação de joias, pois avalia as condições de usinagem em relação ao tempo, bem como a possibilidade de redução das operações de acabamento realizadas após obtenção dos modelos por usinagem. Análises realizadas por digitalização tridimensional indicam que o principal ponto de perda dimensional é a etapa de confecção dos moldes de borracha de silicone e injeção de cera, seguido pela usinagem dos modelos. Entretanto, se esse significativo desvio resultante da produção dos moldes e da injeção for corrigido, a qualidade superficial dos modelos obtidos por usinagem CNC passa a ser fundamental. Esses processos devem, portanto, ser reavaliados, a fim de reduzir os erros gerados nas etapas intermediárias da produção de joias em larga escala. / Given significant gains in innovation and competitiveness, the national jewelry sector constantly seeks to incorporate new features, in order to eliminate errors and streamline the manufacturing of models. Among the various technologies that can be used to produce jewelry, CNC machining, is widely used by businesses of all sizes. Machining process associated with casting, improves the large-scale production of jewelry, because it reduces the rework rate, material loss and ensures higher quality and productivity while maintaining the formal expressiveness of the original part. This research proposes a study about modeling technologies of the jewelry industry, giving focus to milling processes. Aided by three-dimensional scanning, it was performed a comparative analysis of the involved steps in the manufacturing process of jewelry. Based on obtained results, it was possible to verify the influence of feed speed in the finishing of parts: lower feed speeds resulted in surfaces with roughness less apparent and allowed to obtain narrower sections. Moreover, the tests enabled the definition of appropriated feed speeds to the ratio productivity versus finishing. Relationship between mechanical properties and tested parameters was determined, proving that among the studied waxes, the hardest one (63 in Shore D scale) results in better finish. This study indicates the optimization feasibility of jewelry manufacturing process, once it evaluates the machining conditions in relation to time, as well as the possibility of reducing the finishing operations carried out after obtaining models by machining. Analyses performed by three-dimensional scanning indicate that the greater dimensional loss is in the steps of silicon rubber mold production and wax injection, followed by the machining process of models. However, if this significant deviation from production of molds and injection is corrected, the surface quality of models obtained by CNC machining becomes crucial. Therefore, these processes must be reevaluated in order to reduce errors generated in intermediate stages on large-scale production of jewelry.

Tendo em vista ganhos expressivos na inovação e na competitividade, o setor joalheiro nacional busca constantemente incorporar novos recursos a fim de eliminar erros e agilizar a fabricação de modelos. Dentre as diversas tecnologias passíveis de serem empregadas na produção de joias, a usinagem CNC, é amplamente utilizada por empresas de todos os portes. A usinagem, associada à microfusão, aprimora o processo de produção de joias em larga escala, pois reduz o índice de retrabalho, de perda de material e garante maior qualidade e produtividade mantendo a expressividade formal da peça original. O presente trabalho propõe um estudo acerca das tecnologias de modelagem do setor joalheiro, dando foco aos processos de fresamento. Com o auxílio da digitalização tridimensional, foi feita uma análise comparativa das etapas envolvidas no processo de fabricação de joias. Foi possível verificar, pelos resultados obtidos, que a influência da velocidade de avanço no acabamento das peças: velocidades mais baixas resultaram em superfícies com menor rugosidade aparente e permitiram a obtenção de seções mais estreitas. Além disso, os ensaios possibilitaram a definição das velocidades adequadas para a relação produtividade versus acabamento. Foram ainda determinadas relações entre as propriedades mecânicas do material e os parâmetros testados, comprovando-se que, dentre as ceras estudadas, aquela de maior dureza (63 na escala Shore D) resulta em melhores condições de acabamento. Este trabalho indica a viabilidade de otimização do processo de fabricação de joias, pois avalia as condições de usinagem em relação ao tempo, bem como a possibilidade de redução das operações de acabamento realizadas após obtenção dos modelos por usinagem. Análises realizadas por digitalização tridimensional indicam que o principal ponto de perda dimensional é a etapa de confecção dos moldes de borracha de silicone e injeção de cera, seguido pela usinagem dos modelos. Entretanto, se esse significativo desvio resultante da produção dos moldes e da injeção for corrigido, a qualidade superficial dos modelos obtidos por usinagem CNC passa a ser fundamental. Esses processos devem, portanto, ser reavaliados, a fim de reduzir os erros gerados nas etapas intermediárias da produção de joias em larga escala. / Given significant gains in innovation and competitiveness, the national jewelry sector constantly seeks to incorporate new features, in order to eliminate errors and streamline the manufacturing of models. Among the various technologies that can be used to produce jewelry, CNC machining, is widely used by businesses of all sizes. Machining process associated with casting, improves the large-scale production of jewelry, because it reduces the rework rate, material loss and ensures higher quality and productivity while maintaining the formal expressiveness of the original part. This research proposes a study about modeling technologies of the jewelry industry, giving focus to milling processes. Aided by three-dimensional scanning, it was performed a comparative analysis of the involved steps in the manufacturing process of jewelry. Based on obtained results, it was possible to verify the influence of feed speed in the finishing of parts: lower feed speeds resulted in surfaces with roughness less apparent and allowed to obtain narrower sections. Moreover, the tests enabled the definition of appropriated feed speeds to the ratio productivity versus finishing. Relationship between mechanical properties and tested parameters was determined, proving that among the studied waxes, the hardest one (63 in Shore D scale) results in better finish. This study indicates the optimization feasibility of jewelry manufacturing process, once it evaluates the machining conditions in relation to time, as well as the possibility of reducing the finishing operations carried out after obtaining models by machining. Analyses performed by three-dimensional scanning indicate that the greater dimensional loss is in the steps of silicon rubber mold production and wax injection, followed by the machining process of models. However, if this significant deviation from production of molds and injection is corrected, the surface quality of models obtained by CNC machining becomes crucial. Therefore, these processes must be reevaluated in order to reduce errors generated in intermediate stages on large-scale production of jewelry.