Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10195.pdf: 2790042 bytes, checksum: dbf3e50c99d2231b49aec952729ec291 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:06/52787-0

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10195.pdf: 2790042 bytes, checksum: dbf3e50c99d2231b49aec952729ec291 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Para muitas aplicações de um laser, é necessário um feixe com boa qualidade no modo fundamental. Neste trabalho são investigadas as condições para se obter alta eficiência e qualidade do feixe, otimizando o acoplamento do modo fundamental com a região do meio ativo excitada pelo bombeamento, por meio da utilização de cavidades inovadoras. A maior eficiência já reportada para um laser de Nd:YLF com oscilação em 1053 nm sob bombeamento transversal por diodo é demonstrada usando uma cavidade compacta baseada em uma reflexão interna total na face de bombeamento, obtendo-se uma potência máxima de saída multimodo de 9,5W para 21W de bombeamento, o que corresponde a 45% de conversão óptica. Uma melhora significativa na qualidade do feixe é demonstrada por meio do desenvolvimento de uma cavidade com duas reflexões no meio ativo, obtendo-se uma potência máxima no modo fundamental de 6,9W com fator de qualidade M2 do feixe igual a 1,16 x 1,05 nas direções horizontal e vertical, respectivamente. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:06/52787-0

The work presented in this thesis was undertaken to explain the differences in output powers and small-signal gain coefficients observed in cw N20 and C02 lasers. To isolate the factors limiting small-signal gain, the dynamics of conventional cw N20 laser discharges were investigated using a tunable diode laser (TDL) operating in the 2120-2350 cm-1 frequency region. Absorption measurements were made with the TDL on more than 10 different vibrational bands, allowing vibrational population distributions in the three normal modes of vibration of N20 to be determined. The vibrational populations follow a Boltzmann distribution, and the v1 and v2 mode temperatures are found to be strongly coupled, and to maintain equilibrium with the background gas temperature under all discharge conditions. It is observed that the v3 mode temperature saturates at high discharge currents. This saturation, which is attributed to electron de-excitation, is determined to be the primary factor limiting small-signal 10-μm gain in the N20 laser and is much more important than N20 dissociation. The maximum small-signal gain coefficients achievable in cw N20 lasers are calculated, and the results of the work indicates the measures that must be taken to optimize small-signal gain in the N20 laser. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Development of high average power lasers has historically been limited by the properties of available gain media. As a result it is either too costly or impractical to employ lasers in many applications for which they would otherwise be well suited. We have synthesized a new type of colloidal laser gain material that should possess many of the advantages of solid state media without their primary disadvantage: poor thermal performance. The colloid consisted of an emulsion of 20% Nd+3 doped phosphate glass nanoparticles suspended in nonanoic acid. The spectroscopic properties of the material were found to be consistent with those of bulk Nd+3 doped materials and suitable for laser development. / text

Dans cette thèse nous présentons dans un premier temps nos résultats expérimentaux sur les instabilités de polarisation de lasers à boîtes quantiques (QD) et à cavité verticale (VCSELs). Ces instabilités présentent des caractéristiques différentes de celles observées dans les lasers VCSELs à puits quantiques : une compétition se produit entre deux états polarisés elliptiquement et non orthogonaux, qui donne lieu à une dynamique de saut de mode de polarisation dans le temps. Le temps de séjour moyen dans un mode décroit de huit ordres de grandeur en augmentant le courant d’injection (de la seconde à la nanoseconde). A notre connaissance ceci constitue la première observation d’une dynamique de polarisation d’un VCSEL avec une échelle de temps aussi diversifiée.Nous présentons ensuite une étude théorique d’un laser QD avec injection optique, en prenant en compte la dynamique des porteurs de charge vers des états énergétiques excités. Nous montrons qu’aux dynamiques d’impulsions excitables observées expérimentalement s’ajoutent des dynamiques auto-pulsées complexes résultant d’une phénomène de bifurcation autour d’un point de selle (« bottleneck »). Finalement nous avons étudié le cas d’un laser QD émettant simultanément depuis les états d’énergie fondamental et excité. Alors que la lumière est injectée dans laser QD esclave à la fréquence proche de l’état d’énergie fondamental, nous montrons que l’émission à la fréquence de l’état excité présente une dynamique auto-pulsée avec des impulsions très courtes (ps) suite à un mécanisme de basculement de gain / In this thesis we first show our experimental results on polarization instabilities in quantum dot (QD) lasers with vertical cavity, so called VCSELs. Their characteristics are different from what is typically observed in their QW counterparts: light that is linearly polarized close to lasing threshold becomes elliptically polarized as current is increased and then a wide region of polarization mode hopping between nonorthogonal, elliptically polarized modes sets on. Within this region the average dwell time decreases by eight orders of magnitude from seconds to nanoseconds. To our best knowledge this is the first observation of such a diversified dynamics of polarization mode hopping in a single VCSEL. We have also carried out theoretical studies of optically injected QD lasers accounting for the intradot carrier dynamics through the higher-energy excited states. We show that experimentally observed excitable pulses are complemented by self-pulsations resulting from the so-called bottleneck phenomenon. Finally, we have theoretically investigated optically injected QD laser lasing simultaneously from the ground and excited states. We show that although the external light is injected to the ground state mode alone, modulation of the relaxation time induced by injected signal can provide a gain switching mechanism leading to generation of picosecond pulses from the excited state

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o papel do laser de baixa intensidade (LB) no processo de cicatrização óssea de defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos tratados com osso bovino (BO) associados a regeneração óssea guiada (ROG). Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Um defeito ósseo de tamanho crítico (DTC) com 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de tratamento (n=10), sendo: 1) Grupo C (controle), 2) Grupo LB - laser de baixa intensidade (laser de baixa intensidade - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J/cm2), 3) Grupo BO (osso bovino), 4) Grupo ROG (membrana colágena), 5) Grupo BO/ROG (osso bovino/membrana colágena), 6) Grupo BO/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade), 7) Grupo ROG/LB (membrana colágena/laser de baixa intensidade), 8) Grupo BO/ROG/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade/membrana colágena). Após 30 dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. As variáveis avaliadas foram: área de osso neoformado (AON), extensão linear de osso (ELO) e área de partículas remanescentes (APR). Foi utilizado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Todos os grupos apresentaram maiores médias de AON em relação ao grupo C, exceto os grupos BO, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. Todos os grupos apresentaram médias de ELO estatisticamente diferente do grupo C, exceto o BO. O grupo BO/ROG/LB não apresentou maiores médias de AON e ELO que o Grupo BO/ROG, entretanto mostrou maior formação óssea na região da membrana quando utilizado o LB em associação ao BO/ROG na análise histológica. Maior APR foi observada nos grupos em que BO não foi irradiado pelo LB. Entretanto, não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significativa entre APR nos grupos BO e BO/ROG, BO/LB e BO/ROG/LB, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. O LB não levou a maior formação óssea histométrica quando associado ao BO/ROG, apesar de promover maior formação óssea na análise histológica na região da membrana. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the low level laser (LB) on bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects (CSD) in rats treated with inorganic bovine bone (BO) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Were used 80 male adult rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar) weighing 250 to 300 g. A bone defect of critical size (DTC) with 5 mm in diameter was created in the calvaria of each animal. The animals were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (n = 10), 1) Group C (control), 2) Group LB - low level laser (low level laser - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J / cm2 ), 3) Group BO (bovine bone), 4) Group ROG (collagen membrane), 5) Group BO / ROG (bovine bone / collagen membrane), 6) Group BO/ LB (bovine bone / low level laser), 7) Group ROG / LB (collagen membrane / low level laser), 8) Group BO / LB / ROG (bovine bone /low level laser / collagen membrane). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized. The variables analyzed were newly formed bone area (AON), linear extension of bone (ELO) and area of remnant particles (APR). The parametric test ANOVA followed by Tukey\'s test was used. All groups have the highest mean AON compared to C group except the group BO, BO/ROG and BO / ROG / LB. All groups showed mean of ELO statistically different from group C, except the BO. The Group BO/ROG/LB did not show higher ELO and AON than Group BO/ROG, however showed increased bone formation in the membrane area when used LB with BO/ROG in the histological analysis. Higher APR was observed in the groups where BO is not irradiated by LB. However, there was no significant difference between APR in BO BO and BO/ROG groups, BO/LB and BO/ROG/LB groups. The LB has not provide greater histometric bone formation when combined with BO / ROG, despite promote greater bone formation in the histological analysis.

by Lee Kwan-Chuen. / Title also in Chinese. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography : leaves 86-88.

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Physics. / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Zbigniew M. Drozdowicz. / Ph.D.