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This dissertation explores in the ways in which decorum, or the appropriateness of form and behavior, served as an underlying principle in the patronage, design, and construction of monumental architecture, sculpture, and inscriptions by the aristocratic elite of late antique urban environments. Throughout the dissertation, I deliberately turn my attention away from imperial buildings like Emperor Justinian's (r. 527-565) Hagia Sophia and towards those projects financed by aristocrats and elites, with a focus placed upon those associated with the gens Anicii and their sphere. It is through the discussions of the built environments of Rome, Constantinople, and Ravenna in the fourth through sixth centuries CE, that my dissertation reveals the ways in which aristocrats and elites, like members of the gens Anicii and wealthy bankers like Julianus Argentarius, were able to concretize their power in periods of political change. Their employment of a decorum of architecture, based upon Vitruvian and Ciceronian ideals, demonstrates the central role these individuals played in the shaping of the visual culture of the late antique Mediterranean. It was through the patronage of statues and buildings that were thoughtfully dedicated, strategically located, and purposefully decorated that these wealthy patrons were able to galvanize their non-imperial authority. In historical moments wracked by war, plague, and political instability, the finance and construction of large-scale statuary on prominently inscribed plinths, as well as solid, immovable buildings afforded these elites with a sense of permanence and stability that, they hoped, would last in perpetuity. / Art History

This thesis is missing page 57, this page is not in any of the other copies. -Digitization Centre / Scientists believe that the global climate is undergoing significant changes due to anthropogenic increases of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other Greenhouse gases. The relationship between climate and vegetation is not fully understood. Knowledge of the response of vegetation to past climate change aids in the understanding of potential vegetation responses to climatic changes due to the Greenhouse effect. The objectives of this thesis were to determine if vegetation in the lower Lena River Region has changed in the past, what were the factors which caused the changes and over what time scales did the changes occur. To address the objectives, the pollen, stomate and sediment stratigraphy of a core from a medium size lake, located in north-central Siberia, were analysed. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the record spans the last 12310 yr BP, and possibly the last 15000 yr BP. The early part of the fossil record was characterised by short rapid changes in the vegetation. The initial shrub tundra was quickly replaced by herb tundra with sparse vegetation cover. This was followed by a reversion to shrub tundra conditions at ~12000 yr BP. A clear Younger Dryas signal is found in this record between 11000 and 10000 yr BP, characterised by a shift from shrub tundra to herb tundra dominated by taxa with arctic affinities. The warming at the close of the Younger Dryas signalled the first appreciable climatic amelioration at this site. Following 10000 yr BP, Alnus became abundant in the pollen record and likely on the landscape. The dominance of Alnus was short lived however. At ~8500 yr BP arboreal vegetation, dominated by Larix dahurica, became abundant in the pollen and stomate record. The expansion of forests was the result of changes in the orbital parameters of the earth as predicted by Milankovitch cycles. Arboreal vegetation persisted in this region until-3500 yr BP when the modem shrub tundra vegetation was established. The use of a new technique, stomate analysis, proved extremely useful. Stomates accurately recorded the expansion and retreat of treeline across this region. This study clearly indicates the usefulness of this technique, especially for investigating fluctuations of treeline. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

<p>This dissertation investigates several contemporary texts I can subversive defamiliarizations in which charn.cters take extreme measures in order to exist outside of the hegemonic limits of late-capitalist culture. It is my assertion that these texts are different to previous representations of counter-cultural resistance in important ways, precisely because of the wildly unusual methods necessarily adopted by their characters to evade a culture that seems to have become increasingly perverse and pervasive. Chapter 1 contains an introductory definition of subversive defamiliarizations and the specific cultural milieu which they interrogate. Chapter 2 is a consideration of Chuck Palahniuk's novel Fight Club and David Fincher's t1lm adaptation, in which the anarchic protagonist instigates a broad range of extreme acts of resistance in an attempt to place himself ideologically outside of consumer culture. Chapter 3 discusses Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting and Danny Boyle's film version, which argue that the rules of modem existence have become so detrimental to the contemporary subject that even a potentially life threatening alternative lifestyle (heroin addiction) may be more rewarding. Chapter 4 examines Lars von Trier's Dogme95 film The Idiots, about a group of Danes who are united by the bizarre belief that "spassing," or pretending to be mentally retarded, constitutes a genuine critique ot~ and alternative to, late-capitalist life. Chapter 5 concludes this dissertation with a brief analysis of three novels--Chuck Palahniuk's Survivor and Bret Easton Ellis's Glamorama and American Psycho--subversive defamiliarizations that frame their critiques by presenting characters who completely immerse themselves in their culture's ideology. The critical function ofthese texts emerges because, in each case, an escalating surrender to, and absorption by, the dominant culture occurs simultaneously and causally with encroaching madness.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

An interactive framework of working memory and inhibitory control has been endorsed for examining cognitive development across the lifespan (Roberts & Pennington, 1996). According to this framework, the interaction between working memory and inhibitory control (WMIC) is necessary for adaptive daily functioning (Roberts & Pennington, 1996) and crucial for the development of executive functioning in childhood (Brocki & Bohlin, 2004). Empirical work from early developmental periods supports the interactive WMIC framework (e.g., Bell, 2001; Diamond, Kirkham, & Amso, 2002) and has identified sources of variability (brain electrical activity, temperament, and language) associated with WMIC functioning in infancy and early childhood (Wolfe & Bell, 2004). Although there is some evidence to suggest the interdependent nature of working memory and inhibitory control in late childhood and adulthood (Diamond, 2002; Luna, Garver, Urban, Lazar, & Sweeney, 2004), work in these later developmental periods has focused primarily on the independent processes of working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) and the interactive WMIC framework has not been directly investigated from late childhood onward. Therefore, the first goal of the current study was to examine the interactive framework in a late childhood sample. The second goal of the study was to examine sources of variability in WMIC functioning in late childhood, with the intention of determining which sources of variability were associated with and contributed unique variance in explaining WMIC performance. Thirty-eight children (19 male) completed four age-appropriate interactive WMIC tasks (the color-word Stroop, the Fruit Stroop, the counting go/no-go and the Wisconsin Card Sort Test) and two language tasks. Both parents and children responded to a temperament questionnaire. Brain electrical activity was collected via EEG recordings during a two-minute baseline and WMIC tasks. The four interactive WMIC tasks were tested for relation of the independent (WM, IC) and combined (WMIC) components within tasks and across tasks. The four WMIC tasks were not correlated with one another. However, the independent (WM, IC) components were correlated both with one another and with the combined WMIC measure within each task, providing some support for an interactive framework in late childhood. The sources of variability associated with the independent (WM, IC) and combined (WMIC) components of each task were identified. These sources were used to explain both collective and unique variance in WMIC functioning for each task. Different sources of variability explained independent (WM, IC) and combined (WMIC) performance across tasks. Unique and shared contributors within and across tasks (the color-word Stroop, the Fruit Stroop, the counting go/no-go and the Wisconsin Card Sort Test) and components (WM, IC, WMIC) are discussed in an effort to determine how sources of variability may be related to WMIC functioning. / Ph. D.

Based on hypothesized relations advanced by Cummings and Davies (1995), the current study tests the hypothesis that parental availability and parental control, experienced during middle adolescence, relate to late adolescents' adjustment through influence on their emotional security. The study also examines the role of late adolescents' emotional intelligence and its relationship with parental behaviors, emotional security, and adolescents' adjustment. This study proposes a model of relationships where emotional security and emotional intelligence influence each other and mediate the relationship between parental behaviors and late adolescents' adjustment. Regression analyses show partial support for the hypotheses. / Ph. D.