Thesis--PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Dip.App.Psych. 1976) -- Depart of Applied Psychology, University of Adelaide.

Thesis--Stockholm. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes material in Latvian. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-186).

Vienas esminių valstybės apibrėžimo komponentų yra teritorinio vientisumo pabrėžimas. Valstybės teritoriją riboja sienos, kurios žymį vietą ties, kuria baigiasi vienos valstybės galia ir prasideda kitos. Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – latviai, Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienio gyventojai, jų tautinio tapatumo raida. Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos–Latvijos (iki 1918 m. Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijų) pasienio gyventojų tapatumo raidą 1918–1940 m., įvertinti tautybės ir valstybės santykį šiame pasienyje. Uždaviniai: apžvelgti latvių tautinės mažumos formavimąsi Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijos pasienyje; išanalizuoti Lietuvos–Latvijos sienos nustatymo eigą 1920–1922 m.; aptarti valstybės galios apraiškas Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienyje 1918–1940 m.; išanalizuoti latvių, Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienio gyventojų, tautinio tapatumo apraiškas 1918–1940 m. Darbe analizuojama kaip kito pasienio gyventojų tapatumas 1918–1940 m. Pokytį atskleidžia administracinės linijos svarbos kaita. Iki Lietuvos ir Latvijos nepriklausomybės paskelbimo 1918 m. ta pati administracinė linija skyrė du tai pačiai valstybei, Rusijos imperijai, priklausiusius administracinius vienetus Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijas, o po Pirmojo pasaulinio karo ši linija skyrė dvi nepriklausomas valstybes. Darbe nagrinėjama kaip valstybės sieną suvokė pasienio gyventojai, kurios valstybės įtaką jie patyrė, kaip ir kodėl valstybė kontroliavo pasienio zonos gyventojų veiklą ir kaip tai pasireiškė kasdienybėje. XX a. trečiojo dešimtmečio pradžioje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Each state has its borders. Emphasis on territorial integrity is one of the key components in a definition of a state. Therefore, borders represent a natural part of a state indicating what belongs to the state and what is outside the boundaries of its territory. At the same time existing of a border poses both legal and ethnic problems to population of border regions. Though those problems are not specific to border regions and are faced by people living deeper inside a state, however, population of border regions experience consequences of these problems much more acutely and painfully than people living in the middle of a country. What does it mean to be an inhabitant of a border zone? What does it mean to be a “Lithuanian”? Who is “Latvian”? How did a “Latvian” become a “Lithuanian”? How citizenship is contrasted with nationality? What caused a decision to take Lithuanian or Latvian citizenship? What caused a decision to become a member of one nation or the other? Period 1918–1940 has been selected because the most important moment in formation of national and citizen identity was emergence of the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Latvia and setting of the administrative boundary between these two republics in 1921. Identity as such is not finite; therefore it is important to evaluate factors, which in time had determined decisions of people living in the border region to take Latvian or Lithuanian citizenship, and to analyze the relationship between a... [to full text]

Each state has its borders. Emphasis on territorial integrity is one of the key components in a definition of a state. Therefore, borders represent a natural part of a state indicating what belongs to the state and what is outside the boundaries of its territory. At the same time existing of a border poses both legal and ethnic problems to population of border regions. Though those problems are not specific to border regions and are faced by people living deeper inside a state, however, population of border regions experience consequences of these problems much more acutely and painfully than people living in the middle of a country. What does it mean to be an inhabitant of a border zone? What does it mean to be a “Lithuanian”? Who is “Latvian”? How did a “Latvian” become a “Lithuanian”? How citizenship is contrasted with nationality? What caused a decision to take Lithuanian or Latvian citizenship? What caused a decision to become a member of one nation or the other? Period 1918–1940 has been selected because the most important moment in formation of national and citizen identity was emergence of the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Latvia and setting of the administrative boundary between these two republics in 1921. Identity as such is not finite; therefore it is important to evaluate factors, which in time had determined decisions of people living in the border region to take Latvian or Lithuanian citizenship, and to analyze the relationship between a... [to full text] / Vienas esminių valstybės apibrėžimo komponentų yra teritorinio vientisumo pabrėžimas. Valstybės teritoriją riboja sienos, kurios žymį vietą ties, kuria baigiasi vienos valstybės galia ir prasideda kitos. Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – latviai, Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienio gyventojai, jų tautinio tapatumo raida. Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos–Latvijos (iki 1918 m. Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijų) pasienio gyventojų tapatumo raidą 1918–1940 m., įvertinti tautybės ir valstybės santykį šiame pasienyje. Uždaviniai: apžvelgti latvių tautinės mažumos formavimąsi Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijos pasienyje; išanalizuoti Lietuvos–Latvijos sienos nustatymo eigą 1920–1922 m.; aptarti valstybės galios apraiškas Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienyje 1918–1940 m.; išanalizuoti latvių, Lietuvos–Latvijos pasienio gyventojų, tautinio tapatumo apraiškas 1918–1940 m. Darbe analizuojama kaip kito pasienio gyventojų tapatumas 1918–1940 m. Pokytį atskleidžia administracinės linijos svarbos kaita. Iki Lietuvos ir Latvijos nepriklausomybės paskelbimo 1918 m. ta pati administracinė linija skyrė du tai pačiai valstybei, Rusijos imperijai, priklausiusius administracinius vienetus Kauno ir Kuršo gubernijas, o po Pirmojo pasaulinio karo ši linija skyrė dvi nepriklausomas valstybes. Darbe nagrinėjama kaip valstybės sieną suvokė pasienio gyventojai, kurios valstybės įtaką jie patyrė, kaip ir kodėl valstybė kontroliavo pasienio zonos gyventojų veiklą ir kaip tai pasireiškė kasdienybėje. XX a. trečiojo dešimtmečio pradžioje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Documentation of the extent of Latvian immigration to Brazil and to the urban centre of São Paulo between 1890 and 1970 and evidence of the degree of Latvian-Brazilian assimilation are non-existent. This thesis fulfills a need for investigating the displacement of the Latvian ethnic society into an unfamiliar geographical, social and cultural Brazilian environment. Both Latvia and Brazil are discussed in terms of geography and climate, origins of civilization and language, cultural heritage and social structure. The cosmopolitan nature of São Paulo is introduced. The reasons for Latvian migration and statistical information regarding Brazilian immigrant policy and numbers of immigrants are derived from census data, church records and archival material. A Lutheran church record case study is also documented as supporting material, and estimates are established from a wide variety of reported statistical information concerning Latvians in Brazil. Latvian religious subdivisions form the basis for tracing the São Paulo community development and extent of Latvian-Brazilian assimilation. General aspects of assimilation in Brazil are applied to the Latvian community with detailed discussion of cultural and social integration including intermarriage and language, customs and environment. Conclusions are drawn from the extent of Latvian influence within the Brazilian society and the reciprocal but stronger Brazilian contribution to the Latvian heritage. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

This Master's thesis invites its readers into the realm of myths where various deities and mythical creatures dwell and spend their days creating the human world and different cultural artefacts. To find out more about this realm and its possible variations, the author of this Master's thesis has chosen to study myths of relatively distinct nations. Since the author is familiar with the local language and customs of Finns, Latvians and Czechs, the author's choice fell on the myths of the given nations. Since everything in the realm of myths is in constant flux, the only way to detect what was considered valuable in it by its inhabitants at some point in time was to pause this process. To do it, the author approached the myths through the method called transvaluation developed by James Jakób Liszka in his book "The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol" (1989). Although still not very familiar among folklore scholars, this method enabled the author to view myths as trilevel entities and detect in them various social constructs passed from generation to generation. As the readers will later see, the author was able, by approaching myths from the perspective of transvaluation, to reveal various norms encoded in them. Keywords: Finns, Latvians, Czechs, myths, Liszka, transvaluation,...

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur lettiska idiomatiska uttryck förstås och används av letter som bor i Sverige. / The aim of this paper is to examine how Latvian idiomatic expressions are understood and how often they are used by Latvians in Sweden. The Swedish Latvians can be grouped as follows: those that arrived in Sweden as a result of the Second World War and have lived here for a greater part of their lives, those that were born in Sweden of Latvian parents, and those that moved here after the reinstatement of Latvian independence in 1991. I shall examine if the Swedish Latvians who have grown up and/or lived in Sweden for many years a) know the meaning of Latvian idiomatic expressions; b) use these idiomatic expressions; and, if used, c) which idiomatic expressions are used most often?