Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in podcast listening in Sweden. As a result, podcasts has become attractive in marketing purposes among enterprises and organizations. It has also been revealed that the messages about products advertised in podcasts not only spread among the listeners, but also among their friends when publishing on social media. Research in this area has shown that messages spread on social media is a process which not only involve the transmitter and the receiver but also a third party, that is other individuals in the receivers network. This study reveals possible reasons to how and why listeners of the podcast spread commercial messages on social media. In order to identify general trends and to acquire an understanding of the phenomenon about podcasts a case study on Fredagspodden, produced by Hannah Widell and Amanda Schulman, was done. The purpose was to spread light on how and why listeners spread messages regarding the product placement of the producer’s own products, the Perfect Day wines, on social media. This study’s most significant finding is how listeners of the podcast tend do have a greater acceptance towards advertising messages regarding the producers own products when they experience the producer as a friend. Because of this parasocial relationships the listeners also seem to become more willing of spreading the commercial messages on social media. To visualize this process of communication we have created a model called Several-step-hypothesis. / Poddradiolyssnandet har ökat i Sverige under de senaste åren. Till följd av detta har poddradion blivit en attraktiv kanal för företag och organisationer att utnyttja i marknadsföringssyfte. Det har dessutom uppdagats att reklambudskap som annonseras i poddar inte enbart når dess lyssnare, utan att lyssnarna även sprider budskapen vidare på sociala medier. Forskning inom detta område har visat att budskapsspridning genom sociala medier är ett skeende som inte bara involverar sändare och mottagare utan även en tredje part, det vill säga andra individer i mottagarens nätverk. I denna studie redogörs för hur och varför lyssnare av poddradion sprider reklamens budskap vidare på sociala medier. För att finna generella tendenser och införskaffa förståelse om fenomenet kring poddradion genomfördes en fallstudie på Hannah Widell och Amanda Schulmans podd Fredagspodden. Där undersöktes hur och varför lyssnarna spred budskap om producenternas produkter, vinerna Perfect Day, vidare på sociala medier. Studiens mest slående resultat är hur lyssnare, då de upplever poddradioproducenten som en vän, tenderar att sprida reklambudskap om dennes produkter vidare på sociala medier. Det handlar alltså om hur parasociala relationer kan öka lyssnarens acceptans till reklam i poddradion då det gäller producentens egna produkter. För att gestalta hur reklambudskapen sprids på sociala medier har vi skapat en modell vid namn Flerstegshypotesen.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 9 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação é uma crítica epistemológica da linguagem das variáveis, a abordagem quantitativa em sociologia fundada por Paul Lazarsfeld. Ela se destaca das polêmicas anteriormente dirigidas contra a proposta de Lazarsfeld por desenvolver-se não a partir do ponto de vista histórico-interpretativo, mas de uma perspectiva interna à própria lógica dos procedimentos empírico-matemáticos. Seu encaixe analítico será o das condições epistemológicas apontadas pelo trabalho de Galileo Galilei, que permitiram, pela primeira vez na história do pensamento humano, o uso da matemática como linguagem descritiva dos fenômenos empíricos. A falta de tais condições é individuada como a origem de toda dificuldade da linguagem das variáveis e também de toda validade das argumentações contra ela dirigidas / This dissertation is an epistemological critic of the language of variables, the quantitative approach in sociology founded by Paul Lazarsfeld. It hilights itself from the previous controversies directed against Lazarsfeld’s proposal because it isn’t developed from the historical interpretative point of view, but from an internal perspective to the logical itself of the mathematical empirical procedures. Its analytical fitting will be that one of the epistemological conditions pointed by Galileo Galilei’s work, which allowed, for the first time in the history of human thinking, the use of mathematics as descriptive language of the empirical phenomena. The lack of such conditions is individualized as the origin of all difficulty of the language of variables as well as of the whole validity of the argumentations directed against it

This diploma thesis is thematically oriented towards early theories of public opinion of the late 19th century. Concretely, it deals with the theories of Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill and James Bryce. The thesis presents an analysis, interpretation and a comparison of these three thinkers and concentrates on the following topics: the definition of the term "public opinion"; the formation of public opinion; the influence individuals, groups and society as a whole have on public opinion; and the role the media play in public opinion. Further, it shows how these authors' thoughts are continued in selected 20th century theories of public opinion, namely in Walter Lippmann's concept of public opinion, the Two-step flow model developed by Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld, Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's Spiral of Silence, Irving Crespi's theory of the Public Opinion Process and Giovanni Sartori's "cascade model" of public opinion. Key words: public opinion, media, Two-step flow model, Spiral of Silence, Public Opinion Process, cascade model of public opinion, Alexis de Tocqeuville, John Stuart Mill, James Bryce, W. Lippmann, E. Katz, P. Lazarsfeld, E. Noelle-Neumann, I. Crespi, G. Sartori