Legal draftsmen achieve the dual characteristics of thel egislative genre, viz. precision and all-inclusiveness, by the use of various linguistic devices, among which are (i) common words with uncommon meanings; (ii) binomial and multinominal expressions; (iii) nominalization; and (iv) qualifications. Whilst these four devices are very effective for their intended purpose, they often cause lexical, semantic or syntactic problem in the comprehension and translation of texts. This thesis explores, by analysis of the corpus, the different nature and extent of such problems caused by the above four devices in the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese. Analyses in the thesis reveal that translation problems caused by the first two of the four devices mentioned above are mainly lexical in nature, though binomials contained in qualifications may sometimes also lead to semantic ambiguity. Translation problems arising from the use of nominalization or the use of qualifications are primarily semantic in nature, and are basically a problem of handling the various semantic units in the clauses. They can occur in both the comprehension stage and the actual rendering stage of the translation process. In the former, the problem lies in the difficulty in unpacking the various semantic units in the clauses, especially in the syntactically interrupted clauses where syntactic discontinuities are caused by the use of qualifications. in the latter, the difficulty lies in the syntactic re-arrangement of those units in the target language text in a manner syntactically acceptable to the target language while strictly in accordance with each semantic relationship intended by the source language text. Both the use of nominalization and the use of qualifications also give rise to some lexical problems. The analyses in the thesis also highlights some of the linguistic and extra-linguistic pre-requisites for a translator of legislative texts, for whom a good common sense and sufficient basic legal knowledge are as important as an extremely high level of proficiency in both the source language and the target language. / Master of Arts (Translation and Linguistics)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-22T11:11:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Marroni Zaniol Palombo Rossini.pdf: 4102985 bytes, checksum: 7bf9b50a485e1d376b7c136cd65a23e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T11:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Marroni Zaniol Palombo Rossini.pdf: 4102985 bytes, checksum: 7bf9b50a485e1d376b7c136cd65a23e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aims at investigating how the use of digital information and communication technologies (TDIC) can help the development of reading comprehension on a course of English for Specific Purposes addressed to legal practitioners. The theoretical framework includes the concepts of English for Specific Purposes as Hutchinson and Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), Ramos (2004, 2009), Basturkmen (2010), Paltridge (2014), Johns (2015 ); the use of technological resources in teaching and learning languages in the area of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), according Chapelle (2010); Leffa (2006); Hubbard (2012) and the Pedagogical Ramos Proposal (2004) for the application of gender in language teaching that based the design of the activities supported by TDIC and analyzed in this research. Methodologically, this research is characterized as a case study (Stake, 1998; Johnson, 1992; Yin, 2010) and made use of the following instruments for data collection: questionnaires at three moments of the course – at the beginning, to raise and describe the profile of students, during the course, to identify the students’ perceptions about the use of digital technologies to assist in reading; and in the end to learn about the students’ perceptions as to their progress in the development of reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. Interviews were also held after the completion of the activities with digital resources and field notes were taken. The results revealed that, although little known online concordancers aroused interest and even facing difficulties students managed to use them. However, according to the participants’ perception online dictionaries were more effective in helping the understanding of legal texts written in English. However, it was revealed that students underuse this digital resource and the activities implemented during the course enabled the familiarization and greater knowledge of these resources. This study showed that digital resources, especially online dictionaries, helped expand both the knowledge of the legal language in English and knowledge of the English language in general. Resources potentiated the knowledge and independence offered to students in order to enable them to solve their difficulties in reading and vocabulary. This research aims to contribute to the English for Specific Purposes area, mainly with respect to legal English area and aims to bring contributions to the research on digital technologies applied to the development of understanding written texts in English / Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar que percepções os alunos revelam sobre o uso dos recursos digitais para o desenvolvimento da compreensão escrita de textos jurídicos em língua inglesa. O referencial teórico inclui os conceitos sobre Inglês para Fins Específicos conforme Hutchinson e Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans e St. John (1998), Ramos (2004, 2009), Basturkmen (2010), Paltridge (2014), Johns (2015); o uso de recursos tecnológicos no ensino-aprendizagem de idiomas e a área de Aprendizagem de Línguas Mediada por Computador (Computer-Assisted Language Learning - CALL), segundo Chapelle (2010), Leffa (2006), Hubbard (2012); e a Proposta Pedagógica de Ramos (2004) para aplicação de gêneros no ensino de idiomas, que embasou o design das atividades apoiadas por TDIC e analisadas nesta pesquisa. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso (STAKE, 1998; JOHNSON, 1992; YIN, 2010), tendo sido adotados como instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionários em três momentos do curso – início, para identificar e descrever o perfil dos alunos; durante o curso, para identificar as percepções dos alunos quanto ao uso de tecnologias digitais para auxiliar na leitura; e, ao final, para identificar as percepções dos alunos quanto ao seu progresso no desenvolvimento da compreensão escrita e na aprendizagem de vocabulário. Foram, ainda, realizadas entrevistas após as atividades com os recursos digitais, e elaboradas anotações de campo. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar de pouco conhecidos, os concordanciadores on-line despertaram interesse nos participantes, pois, mesmo quando enfrentaram dificuldades, conseguiram utilizá-los. Na percepção dos participantes, os dicionários on-line foram mais eficazes no auxílio à compreensão escrita de textos jurídicos em inglês. Foi possível perceber, no entanto, que os alunos subutilizavam esse recurso digital e que as atividades aplicadas durante o curso propiciaram familiarização e maior conhecimento do recurso. Este estudo mostrou ainda que os recursos digitais, em especial os dicionários on-line, ajudaram a ampliar tanto o conhecimento da linguagem jurídica em inglês como o conhecimento da língua inglesa em geral. Foi possível constatar que os recursos potencializaram o conhecimento e ofereceram independência aos alunos no sentido de serem capazes, agora, de solucionar suas dificuldades de leitura e vocabulário. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para a área de Inglês para Fins Específicos, principalmente no que tange à área de inglês jurídico, e também trazer contribuições para o estudo sobre a aplicação de tecnologias digitais no desenvolvimento da compreensão escrita de textos em inglês

Cette thèse en anglais de spécialité s'inscrit dans le champ de la recherche en didactique de l'anglais juridique. Elle a pour objet d'observer si les séries judiciaires télévisuelles américaines contemporaines peuvent être une représentation fidèle de la procédure accusatoire en vigueur aux Etats-Unis. La première partie présente notre cadre théorique et méthodologique. Elle s'ouvre sur une réflexion concernant le champ de l'anglais juridique et les supports pédagogiques à la disposition des enseignants de cette spécialité. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons en quoi les séries contemporaines sont des illustrations fidèles de la procédure et au discours spécialisé. Dans notre troisième partie, nous observons en quoi les séries judiciaires peuvent être un support motivant pour l'apprentissage de l'anglais juridique. / This dissertation focuses on the field of English for Special Purposes (ESP). It aims at analysing whether contemporary american TV series are reliable sources of information for the teaching of legal English to French law students. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological framework of this research. It begins with a reflexion on the definition of legal English and a presentation of all the documents that teachers can use in order to illustrate the common law system. Part 2 focuses on the analysis of specialised content and discourse that one may find in TV series. Part 3 is dedicated to exploring the use of TV series in class from a motivational perspective. Finally we provide several teaching scenarios which imply the use of TV series in order to teach legal English.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Oiveira da Silva.pdf: 1106652 bytes, checksum: 79ef151526f4cb25860dc88442e59c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at carrying out a needs analysis of English for lawyers from a countryside city of São Paulo state and for students of a reading and a writing course of Legal English. The theoretical background in Language for Specific Purposes this study is based upon are the ones by Hutchinson & Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans & St John (1998) and Ramos (2004), among others. This qualitative research relies on study case methodology according to Lüdke (1983), Lüdke & André (1986), Gil (1987), Johnson (1992), Stake (1998) and Denzin & Lincoln (1998). Interviews were carried out with two specialist informants, which allowed information to be gathered; from the gathered information two questionnaires were designed and administered to a group of participants: 8 professionals from Sorocaba-SP, 17 reading course students and 6 writing course students (both courses are given in São Paulo) which sums up 31 participants. Due to the lack of research focusing on the needs of legal professionals, this research provides an original contribution to Language for Specific Purposes and may assist in a better understanding of this context for professionals who are involved with English for Lawyers teaching. These results will help to design English courses in Sorocaba, as well as evaluate and redesign the Legal English courses in the capital, São Paulo, identifying learning needs and target situation needs / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver uma análise de necessidades de inglês para advogados de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo e para alunos de cursos de leitura e redação jurídica. O arcabouço teórico em Ensino-Aprendizagem de Línguas para Fins Específicos está fundamentado especialmente nos preceitos de Hutchinson e Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans e St John (1998) e Ramos (2004), entre outros. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo com referencial metodológico do estudo de caso, segundo as orientações de Lüdke (1983), Lüdke e André (1986), Gil (1987), Johnson (1992), Stake (1998) e Denzin e Lincoln (1998). Foram realizadas entrevistas com dois informantes especialistas, que permitiram levantar informações que resultaram na elaboração de dois questionários aplicados ao grupo de participantes, composto por 8 profissionais de Sorocaba-SP, 17 alunos do curso de leitura e 6 alunos do curso de redação, ambos ministrados na cidade de São Paulo, totalizando 31 participantes. Em razão da carência de pesquisas que busquem levantar as necessidades de inglês de profissionais do Direito, esta pesquisa traz uma contribuição original para a área de Línguas para Fins Específicos e pode auxiliar no melhor entendimento desse contexto de trabalho para profissionais que se envolvem com o ensino de inglês para advogados. Os resultados deste trabalho fornecem dados que permitem elaborar cursos de inglês para advogados em Sorocaba, bem como avaliar e redesenhar os cursos de inglês jurídico da capital paulista, identificando necessidades de aprendizagem e da situação-alvo

L’engagement du Conseil de l’Europe en faveur d’une éducation plurilingue intégrant altérité et diversité culturelle est fortement lié au souci de promouvoir la communication entre citoyens de langue et culture différentes, indispensable à la mobilité et à la compréhension réciproque. Dans ce nouveau référentiel s’inscrit la tendance à enseigner les disciplines non linguistiques, directement dans la L2. Cette méthode d’enseignement d’une matière par intégration d’une langue étrangère, appelée EMILE a vocation d’accélérer le processus d’apprentissage. Or, il s’est avéré, lors d’une recherche-action portant sur l’anglais juridique, qu’une méthode d’immersion complète telle qu’EMILE pouvait présenter certaines failles pour apprendre cette langue de spécialité très pointue. Pour combler ces failles, nous proposons la méthode LADMI (Linguistique appliquée à une autre discipline par méthode intégrative), qui est une modification du concept d’EMILE extrapolant à partir d’une certaine structure logique, suite à des observations particulières, afin de préserver à la fois la langue et le contenu de la DNL, le droit. / The European Council’s policy of promoting linguistic and cultural diversity in the field of acquisition-teaching of foreign languages, has led to a profoundly modified situation in language learning. With the aim of encouraging mobility among students and teachers in the European education system, pluralinguistic methods, such as TIE-CLIL (Translanguage in Europe – Content and Language Integrated Learning) are used in an attempt to accelerate immersion programmes. However, in an action research undertaken in Legal English at the University of Nice, the conclusion was drawn that language immersion is not always feasible in Law. Therefore an integrated approach, Adjunct CLIL, based on logical observations, a modification of the concept CLIL : ALDIM (Applied Linguistics to another Discipline by Integrated Method), is suggested, to preserve both the quality of the language as well as content of the non-linguistic discipline, Law.