[No abstract] / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

In October 1995 representatives from ECPAT (End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism) visited several Eastern and Southern African countries. The purpose of the visit was to collect information on child prostitution and the impact of tourism on child prostitution and to assess whether to expand the ECPAT campaign to Africa. Although child prostitution in tourism did not presently appear to be a problem, child prostitution was found to be widespread. One common problem identified by ECPAT in all these countries visited was a lack of legislation to protect children from prostitution and a general helplessness in how best to address the issue. So the idea of a workshop, focusing on legal aspects, was bom with the aim to bring together stakeholders from the various countries to learn from each other’s experiences and begin to formulate responses to child prostitution and prevent child prostitution in tourism. The Network Against Child Labour (NACL) South Africa was able to organise a workshop with the financial support from Bread for the World. Participants from NGO’s and governments from Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa attended this first workshop on child prostitution in the region. Two international legal experts and advisers to ECPAT were present and partly facilitated the workshop, enriching our work with their expertise and world wide experience. The aim of the workshop extended beyond a focus on the legal aspects of child prostitution. Other specific purposes were networking, exchanging each other’s experience and achievements in order to develop strategies to combat child prostitution and finding a common ground for co-ordinated action. The Human Science Research Council (HSRC) provided a venue for the workshop and catered for the event. Dr. Willem Schurink from the HSRC organised, together with the Child Protection Unit from the South African Police, a tour to Johannesburg in areas were child prostitution is considered rife. This gave the participants an insight into the situation in South Africa’s largest city and “economic capital”. The two days of our workshop were intense and enriching. We all learned from each other’s experience and realised that there are many common problems that could be tackled with mutual support and advice in order to change legislation, policies and attitudes in the respective countries in the Eastern and Southern African region to ensure that the problem of child prostitution is declining and eventually eradicated. Continued networking and intensifying contacts will be part of our future efforts to combat child prostitution. The NACL wants to take this occasion to thank all participants for their efforts and contributions that made the workshop a success: Muireann OBrian and Denise Ritchie, who helped us in organising and facilitating. Thanks to our two volunteers, Rakgadi Masetlha and Tilman Rapp for the organisation of the workshop and especially to Dr. Willem Schurink of the HSRC, as well as to the funder - Bread for the World. With this publication we hope not only to reach stakeholders in South Africa and the region but to contribute our experience to world wide efforts to eradicate the degrading and often lethal practice of child prostitution by encouraging organisations and individuals to join a network in order to fight the problem.

The purpose of this study is to understand the nature and scope of protection of minority languages and assesses how international human rights law can protect minority languages in Africa. Focuses on three questions: (1) What is the normative content of language rights?, (2) To what extent does the African human rights system protect minority languages? and 3) What measures can be taken at the national and regional levels to improve respect for and protection of minority languages in Africa?’ / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr E.Y. Benneh of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Every person is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in international human rights instruments without distinction of any kind: this includes race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. In particular, every person is entitled to access justice to vindicate his or her rights. Although age is not expressly mentioned as one of the prohibited grounds of discrimination, particular provisions provide for special legal protection for minors. In addition, other particular instruments have been adopted to protect the rights of minors. The right to an effective judicial remedy for acts violating fundamental rights is guaranteed to minors by human rights instruments. The notion of ‘access to justice’ is used here in reference to an individual’s opportunity to enjoy equal access to legal services necessary for the protection of one’s rights and interests regardless of one’s means. It also implies the mechanism by which an individual may seek legal assistance including, among other things, drafting formal documents (wills, contracts), In reality,the effective enjoyment of rights is not possible when the holders of the rights have limited access to justice, i.e. access to judicial remedies in cases where their rights have been violated. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

“Detention Power” asks how immigrant incarceration became a critical tool in constructing American sovereignty, and how the federal government convinced local governments, businesses, and communities to become collaborators in immigration policing. It illustrates how the U.S. immigration service built both ideological and economic relationships with municipalities, enabling the federal government to jail thousands of migrants awaiting hearings and deportations long before the advent of federal immigration detention centers in 1980. As early as 1900, the immigration service relied on an expansive system of contracts with county sheriffs to “board out” immigrants in county jails. Towns capitalized on these contracts by expanding their jails and, in some cases, building separate “migrant jails” to secure federal detainees, effectively transforming incarcerated migrants into local commodities. I trace the immigration service’s use of jails from the era of Chinese Exclusion to the era of ICE, looking to rural communities throughout the country that became the unlikely hubs of incarceration for immigrants and refugees from Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and beyond. This work challenges the historiography which has identified immigration detention as a product of the Cold War era, influenced by the law-and-order movement of the late twentieth century. It is among the first work to center the role of local politics in the rise of the deportation state, arguing that though immigration regulation was a federal responsibility, deportations were impossible to carry out without local cooperation and local jails.

"This thesis will deal with the problems of the development of segregation from the legal standpoint. It, therefore, will center around the development of legal means of controlling the Negro through separation of the races. Whenever possible a correlation between the methods used in Florida and the other southern states will be attempted. The main purpose of this correlation is to discover if Florida was in the van of the movement for the adoption of segregation laws"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "August, 1960." / "Submitted to the Graduate School of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Maurice M. Vance, Professor Directing Thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

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