Les differents sens du faux. André Gide était un homme de culture, relativement seul, quelle que fût l’importance de son entourage, à la fin de sa vie, de ses courtisans. L’écrivain préférait un petit nombre d’amateurs éclairés à une foule de lecteurs qui ne le comprendraient pas. Les Faux-Monnayeurs représentent le somment de son œuvre, tant de vue de la maîtrise de l’art que de l’épanouissement de son auteur. En 1893, André Gide définit la mise en abyme, c'est-à-dire, ce qui désigne la figuration en modèle réduit, à l’intérieur d’un texte, d’un constituant ou de la structure de ce texte. La première mise en abyme apparaît avec l’explication de l’auteur. C’est le titre du livre que le lecteur est en train de lire, proposé par un des personnages, Édouard (autrement dit Gide).

Dans son œuvre récente, Les années, Annie Ernaux, écrivaine française, abandonne le « je » autobiographique qui caractérise ses textes précédents afin d'opter pour une voix narrative collective (« nous » et « on ») et à la troisième personne (« elle »), passant de son histoire individuelle à une sorte d'autobiographie collective. Cette nouvelle voix narrative permet à l'auteure de présenter l'Histoire d'une génération dans le contexte de la société française de l'après-guerre à aujourd'hui, société qui repose sur les constructions sociales, entre autres, de sexe et de classe sociale. À l'aide d'une perspective féministe, cette thèse s'intéresse d'abord aux transgressions des formes littéraires établies qu'opère Ernaux par sa pratique narrative. Ensuite, la perspective féministe intersectionnelle souligne les multiples façons dont les rapports de sexe entrent en interrelation avec d‘autres aspects de l'identité sociale dans cette œuvre, mettant en relief la complexité et la multiplicité des expériences sociales. Finalement, la théorie du dialogisme met en lumière le caractère polyphonique de cette narration qui permet à l'auteure de présenter une histoire davantage inclusive, c'est-à-dire qui représente diverses expériences de vie dans une variété de contextes socio-historiques.

Dans son œuvre récente, Les années, Annie Ernaux, écrivaine française, abandonne le « je » autobiographique qui caractérise ses textes précédents afin d'opter pour une voix narrative collective (« nous » et « on ») et à la troisième personne (« elle »), passant de son histoire individuelle à une sorte d'autobiographie collective. Cette nouvelle voix narrative permet à l'auteure de présenter l'Histoire d'une génération dans le contexte de la société française de l'après-guerre à aujourd'hui, société qui repose sur les constructions sociales, entre autres, de sexe et de classe sociale. À l'aide d'une perspective féministe, cette thèse s'intéresse d'abord aux transgressions des formes littéraires établies qu'opère Ernaux par sa pratique narrative. Ensuite, la perspective féministe intersectionnelle souligne les multiples façons dont les rapports de sexe entrent en interrelation avec d‘autres aspects de l'identité sociale dans cette œuvre, mettant en relief la complexité et la multiplicité des expériences sociales. Finalement, la théorie du dialogisme met en lumière le caractère polyphonique de cette narration qui permet à l'auteure de présenter une histoire davantage inclusive, c'est-à-dire qui représente diverses expériences de vie dans une variété de contextes socio-historiques.

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a relatively new method for fluid flow simulations, and is recently gaining popularity due to its simple algorithm and parallel scalability. Although the method has been successfully applied to a wide range of flow physics, its capabilities in simulating turbulent flow is still under-validated. Hence, in this project, a 3D LBM program was developed to investigate the validity of the LBM for turbulent flow simulations through large eddy simulations (LES). In achieving this goal, the 3D LBM code was first applied to compute the laminar flow over two tandem cylinders. After validating against literature data, the program was used to study the aerodynamic effects of the early 3D flow structures by comparing between 2D and 3D simulations. It was found that the span-wise instabilities have a profound impact on the lift and drag forces, as well as on the vortex shedding frequency. The LBM code was then modified to allow for a massively parallel execution using graphics processing units (GPU). The GPU enabled program was used to study a benchmark test case involving the flow over a square cylinder in a square channel, to validate its accuracy, as well as measure its performance gains compared to a typical serial implementation. The flow results showed good agreement with literature, and speedups of over 150 times were observed when two GPUs were used in parallel. Turbulent flow simulations were then conducted using LES with the Smagorinsky subgrid model. The methodology was first validated by computing the fully developed turbulent channel flow, and comparing the results against direct numerical simulation results. The results were in good agreement despite the relatively coarse grid. The code was then used to simulate the turbulent flow over a square cylinder confined in a channel. In order to emulate a realistic inflow at the channel inlet, an auxiliary simulation consisting of a fully developed turbulent channel flow was run in conjunction, and its velocity profile was used to enforce the inlet boundary condition for the cylinder flow simulation. Comparison of the results with experimental and numerical results revealed that the presence of the turbulent flow structures at the inlet can significantly influence the resulting flow field around the cylinder.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian-based numerical method used for simulating problems in fluid and solid mechanics. In this thesis, a basic introduction to particle and Smoothed Particle (SP) approximations is given first. Application of SP approximations to Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is discussed, followed by an improvement to restore first order consistency in SPH. Then, simulations of 2D free-surface waves in a weakly incompressible fluid are conducted. If the artificial viscosity used is small, results indicate that the accuracy of SPH scheme is reasonably good; however, a low artificial viscosity leads to a rugged air-water interface. Furthermore, application of the LES filter has negligible effects. It is also observed that the use of Renormalized SPH (R-SPH) increases diffusivity but does not increase accuracy significantly. Hence, for 2D surface waves in weakly incompressible fluids, basic SPH formulation without any modification is as good as the R-SPH or LES-SPH methods.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian-based numerical method used for simulating problems in fluid and solid mechanics. In this thesis, a basic introduction to particle and Smoothed Particle (SP) approximations is given first. Application of SP approximations to Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is discussed, followed by an improvement to restore first order consistency in SPH. Then, simulations of 2D free-surface waves in a weakly incompressible fluid are conducted. If the artificial viscosity used is small, results indicate that the accuracy of SPH scheme is reasonably good; however, a low artificial viscosity leads to a rugged air-water interface. Furthermore, application of the LES filter has negligible effects. It is also observed that the use of Renormalized SPH (R-SPH) increases diffusivity but does not increase accuracy significantly. Hence, for 2D surface waves in weakly incompressible fluids, basic SPH formulation without any modification is as good as the R-SPH or LES-SPH methods.

The present work investigates the turbulent jet flow mixing of downward impinging jets within a staggered rod bundle based on previous experimental work. The two inlet jets had Reynold's numbers of 11,160 and 6,250 and were chosen to coincide with the available data. Steady state simulations were initially carried out on a semi-structured polyhedral mesh of roughly 13.2 million cells following a sensitivity study over six different discretized meshes. Very large eddy simulations were carried out over the most refined mesh and continuous 1D wavelet transforms were used to analyze the dominant instabilities and how they propagate through the system in an effort to provide some insight into potential problems relating to structural vibrations due to turbulent instabilities. The presence of strong standing horseshoe vorticies near the base of each cylinder adjacent to an inlet jet was noted and is of potential importance in the abrasion wear of the graphite support columns of the VHTR if sufficient wear particles are present in the gas flow.

After World War I, a significant change for the concepts of culture and art occurred in France, which eventually causes a cultural revolution. Francis Poulenc (1899-1963) experienced such a transformation and became one of the most important French composers and pianists in the twentieth century. He was a member of the French group Les Six; his music was therefore often considered informal. However, those who had ever listened to his music were impressed deeply by the graceful melodies and rich harmonies presented in his works. Poulenc was prolific, producing a total number of 34 opuses for piano. In particular, he finished most of his outstanding works in the 1930s, of which Nocturnes is the most representative. Nocturnes is characterized by two main elements generally found in Poulenc¡¦s works, referred to as Neo-classicism and Popular Music, from which the characteristics of his piano music can be realized comprehensively. The primary purpose of this thesis is to thoroughly discuss Poulenc¡¦s famous piano pieces Nocturnes. The thesis is organized as follows. Firstly, the development of French cultures in the early twentieth century is introduced particularly with a historical perspective. In Chapter 2, Poulenc¡¦s life and his composition style are presented, followed by an emphasis on the unique characteristics of his piano music. Chapter 3 describes the background when Poulenc composed Nocturnes, with a discussion of the skills required for the interpretation. It is anticipated that this study is capable of offering the understanding of Poulenc¡¦s piano music.

Th. doct.--Departamento de economía aplicada--Universidad autónoma de Barcelona, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 105-107.

Texte remanié de--Leiden (Pays-Bas)--Université de Leiden, 2003. / Thèse en anglais avec un résumé et une page de garde en néerlandais. Bibliogr. en fin de chap.