De nombreuses recherches, principalement nord-américaines, ont mis en évidence un lien significatif entre orientation sexuelle et comportements suicidaires des adolescent e s / jeunes adultes (Beck & al., 2010). L’homophobie à laquelle les jeunes homo/bisexuel-le-s sont exposé e s est considérée comme l’hypothèse la plus sérieuse pour expliquer ce lien, mais, jusque-là, cette hypothèse n’avait jamais fait l’objet d’une recherche quantitative dans notre pays. Nous l’avons prise en compte dans le cadre d’une enquête réalisée sur la base d’un auto-questionnaire informatisé - composé notamment à partir des échelles « Adolescent Risk inventory » (A.R.I, Lescano & al., 2007), « Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised » (SBQ-r, Linehan, 1989), et « Homophobia Scale » (Wright, Adams & Bernat, 1999) - auquel ont répondu 475 filles et 426 garçons, âgé-e-s de 18 à 24 ans. Les résultats confirment la sursuicidalité des jeunes homo/bi-sexuel-le-s. Cependant, dans les analyses menées auprès des participants de sexe masculin, l’orientation sexuelle n’apparait plus comme un prédicteur significatif des tentatives de suicide et des conduites à risque dans les modèles explicatifs où l’on introduit les variables «Victimation Verbale Homophobe en milieu scolaire» et «Victimation basée sur la Non-conformité de genre». Ces variables s’avèrent d’ailleurs les plus forts prédicteurs des comportements suicidaires chez les garçons. Ceux-ci présentent des scores moyens à l’échelle d’homophobie/lesbophobie significativement plus élevés que les filles, et la victimation verbale homophobe semble beaucoup plus répandue que la victimation verbale lesbophobe. Cette dernière ne présente par ailleurs pas d’effet significatif sur les tentatives de suicide et les conduites à risque des filles. En revanche, la lesbophobie intériorisée a un effet significatif sur les comportements suicidaires dans le sous-échantillon des filles attirées sexuellement par le même sexe ou en questionnement (ASMSQ), alors que l’homophobie intériorisée n’en présente pas chez les garçons ASMSQ. Ce dernier résultat, basé sur un plus faible effectif, demande à être confirmé par des recherches ultérieures tandis que les analyses portant sur l’ensemble des participants mettent en évidence l’ampleur de la victimation homophobe en milieu scolaire et son impact chez les adolescents et jeunes adultes de sexe masculin. / Several studies (mostly North-American) put into light a significant link between sexual orientation and suicidal behaviors among teenagers and/or young adults. Homophobia to which the young homosexuals are exposed is considered the most serious hypothesis to explain this link. However quantitative studies have never been conducted on this hypothesis in France. We took it into account while carrying out a survey based on a self-questionnaire built up from scales from “Adolescent Risk Inventory” (Lescano & al., 2007), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – revised” (Linehan, 1989), and Homophobia Scale” (Wright, Adams & Bernat, 1999). Said survey was answered by 475 young women, and 426 young men aged 18-24.Results confirmed oversuicidality among young homo/bisexuals. However, in the analysis conducted on male participants only, sexual orientation ceases to appear a significant predictor of suicide attempts or risk behavior in explanatory models in which variables « Homophobic Verbal Bullying in school » and « Bullying based on Gender nonconformity » are introduced. Said variables turn out to be the strongest predictors of suicidal behaviors among male adolescents and young adults. Young men have mean scores on the homophobia/lesbophobia scale that are significantly higher than young women's, and homophobic verbal bullying seems a lot more common than lesbophobic verbal bullying. Besides, lesbophobic verbal bullying does not have a significant effect on suicidal attempts and risk behaviors among young women. However, internalized lesbophobia has a significant effect on suicidal behaviors of the sub-sample of young women sexually attracted to same-sex individuals or wondering (ASMSQ), whereas internalized homophobia has no effect on ASMSQ young men. This last result is based on a lower population, and should be confirmed by subsequent studies, whereas analysis on all participants highlight the extent of homophobic bullying in school, and its impact on male teenagers and young adults.

Orientador: Fernando Silva Teixeira Filho / Banca: Wiliam Siqueira Peres / Banca: Regina Facchini / Resumo: Este estudo aborda o modo como estigmas e estereótipos a respeito das lesbianidades influenciam, na esfera da sexualidade, a vida de mulheres que se autodenominam lésbicas. Primeiramente, realizei uma retomada crítica sobre a história da construção desses estigmas e estereótipos para apreender as relações de poder que os sustentam até o presente. Entre estas, estão o machismo, fruto do viriarcado, e seus referentes de sustentabilidade, a saber, a heteronormatividade e o heterossexismo, enquanto formas de relação de poder que, independentemente do vínculo entre as pessoas, regulam a construção de suas identidades de gênero, sexuais e políticas a partir dos estigmas e estereótipos a elas aplicados. O estudo aponta que, em um contexto social machista, as mulheres que se relacionam eróticoafetivamente com outras mulheres permaneceram invisíveis, o que possibilitou a perpetuação de discursos homofóbicos a seu respeito, os quais se apresentam como inteligíveis para os padrões heteronormativos de relações entre as pessoas. Em um segundo momento, entrevistei cinco mulheres lésbicas (três de 18 a 25 anos e duas de 40 a 50 anos, residentes em Assis, interior do Estado de São Paulo, de classe média, de formação educacional até o ensino médio, sendo uma "mulata" e quatro brancas) com o objetivo de compreender como estigmas e estereótipos sobre as lesbianidades influenciam o discurso dessas mulheres no que diz respeito à construção de suas subjetivações. Os resultados apontam que essas mulheres foram (e ainda são) atravessadas pelos estigmas e estereótipos abordados e que há variações no modo como essas influências se deram, em razão da questão geracional e do modo como elaboram o luto da heterossexualidade. Espera-se que este trabalho possa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study approaches the ways that stigmas and stereotypes of lesbianity influence the sexuality realm of the lives of women who define themselves as lesbians. The study intended to understand how stigmas and stereotypes of lesbianity influence women's discourse regarding the construction of their subjectivations. I begin with a critical review of the history of the construction of those stigmas and stereotypes, so as to access the power relationships that perpetuate them to the present. Amongst these relationships, I found that the machismo, a result of the viriarcal system, is supported by heteronormativity and heterosexism. Independently of people's bonds and of the form of power relationships, both regulate the construction of these women's gender, sexual and political identities by means of the stigmas and stereotypes that are applied to them. My study suggests that, within a macho social context, women that relate to other women erotically and affectively remain invisible. Such invisibility not only perpetuates homophobic discourses, but it also makes heteronormativist pattern of relationships among people possible and intelligible. The study is grounded on the data collected by means of interviews with five middle class, high school graduated lesbians. Three of them were aged between 18 to 25, and two aged from 40 to 50 years old. Four were white and one was mulatto. The results suggest that these women's discourses are crossed by those stigmas and stereotypes. There are also variations in these influences due to generational issues and the ways they elaborate the mourning of their heterosexuality. The results of this study are... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_lg_me_assis.pdf: 1138376 bytes, checksum: f5617b61ed338d61b753f1552b6b18b7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este estudo aborda o modo como estigmas e estereótipos a respeito das lesbianidades influenciam, na esfera da sexualidade, a vida de mulheres que se autodenominam lésbicas. Primeiramente, realizei uma retomada crítica sobre a história da construção desses estigmas e estereótipos para apreender as relações de poder que os sustentam até o presente. Entre estas, estão o machismo, fruto do viriarcado, e seus referentes de sustentabilidade, a saber, a heteronormatividade e o heterossexismo, enquanto formas de relação de poder que, independentemente do vínculo entre as pessoas, regulam a construção de suas identidades de gênero, sexuais e políticas a partir dos estigmas e estereótipos a elas aplicados. O estudo aponta que, em um contexto social machista, as mulheres que se relacionam eróticoafetivamente com outras mulheres permaneceram invisíveis, o que possibilitou a perpetuação de discursos homofóbicos a seu respeito, os quais se apresentam como inteligíveis para os padrões heteronormativos de relações entre as pessoas. Em um segundo momento, entrevistei cinco mulheres lésbicas (três de 18 a 25 anos e duas de 40 a 50 anos, residentes em Assis, interior do Estado de São Paulo, de classe média, de formação educacional até o ensino médio, sendo uma “mulata” e quatro brancas) com o objetivo de compreender como estigmas e estereótipos sobre as lesbianidades influenciam o discurso dessas mulheres no que diz respeito à construção de suas subjetivações. Os resultados apontam que essas mulheres foram (e ainda são) atravessadas pelos estigmas e estereótipos abordados e que há variações no modo como essas influências se deram, em razão da questão geracional e do modo como elaboram o luto da heterossexualidade. Espera-se que este trabalho possa... / This study approaches the ways that stigmas and stereotypes of lesbianity influence the sexuality realm of the lives of women who define themselves as lesbians. The study intended to understand how stigmas and stereotypes of lesbianity influence women's discourse regarding the construction of their subjectivations. I begin with a critical review of the history of the construction of those stigmas and stereotypes, so as to access the power relationships that perpetuate them to the present. Amongst these relationships, I found that the machismo, a result of the viriarcal system, is supported by heteronormativity and heterosexism. Independently of people's bonds and of the form of power relationships, both regulate the construction of these women's gender, sexual and political identities by means of the stigmas and stereotypes that are applied to them. My study suggests that, within a macho social context, women that relate to other women erotically and affectively remain invisible. Such invisibility not only perpetuates homophobic discourses, but it also makes heteronormativist pattern of relationships among people possible and intelligible. The study is grounded on the data collected by means of interviews with five middle class, high school graduated lesbians. Three of them were aged between 18 to 25, and two aged from 40 to 50 years old. Four were white and one was mulatto. The results suggest that these women's discourses are crossed by those stigmas and stereotypes. There are also variations in these influences due to generational issues and the ways they elaborate the mourning of their heterosexuality. The results of this study are... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)