Ce mémoire porte sur l’utilisation des niveaux d’interventions médicales (NIM) en centre hospitalier (CH) au Québec. Les NIM sont des formulaires organisés sous forme d’échelle, qui ont été développés afin de faciliter la prise de décision en lien avec la réanimation, les traitements de maintien en vie et de prolongation de la vie, et les soins à offrir. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’offrir un portrait de l’utilisation actuelle des NIM au Québec en CH afin d’émettre des recommandations pour les professionnels de la santé, les institutions et les décideurs politiques. Dans un premier temps, un article de recension des écrits est présenté afin de situer les concepts associés aux NIM avec les problèmes actuellement vécus, par exemple le grand nombre de patients qui décèdent en CH, les problèmes de communication entre les professionnels de la santé, les patients et leur famille, les difficultés liées à la prise de décision en fin de vie et les délais liés aux ordonnances de non-réanimation. Dans un deuxième temps, le second article présente les résultats de recherche. Afin d’établir le portrait de l’utilisation des NIM en CH, un audit de 299 dossiers de patients adultes, décédés dans trois CH a été entrepris. Le cadre éthique d’analyse des résultats est l’approche par principes. Bien que l’utilisation des NIM peut différer sur certains aspects selon l’hôpital, les NIM sont un système efficace pour promouvoir le respect de l’autonomie des patients, la bienfaisance et le caring, mais ceux-ci ne protègent pas contre les problèmes d’iniquité dans l’accès aux soins palliatifs. Afin de faciliter et promouvoir leur utilisation, il est recommandé de standardiser les échelles de NIM à travers la province et les institutions et d’émettre des lignes directrices d’utilisation claires. Également, une plus grande formation pour les professionnels de la santé et l’inclusion d’un membre de l’équipe interdisciplinaire permettraient aux professionnels d’être mieux outillés pour les discussions difficiles et pour la prise de décision, et encourageraient la pratique interdisciplinaire. / This thesis focuses on the use of levels of interventions (LOI) in Quebec hospitals. LOI are forms, organized as a scale, that have been developed to facilitate decision-making process related to resuscitation, life-sustaining and life-prolonging treatments and care to be given. The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of the current use of LOI in Quebec hospitals, in order to make recommendations for health care professionals, institutions and policy makers. First, a literature review article is presented to situate concepts associated with LOI with current issues in the hospital setting, for example: the large number of patients who die in hospitals, communication problems between health care professionals and patients and their families, difficulties in decision-making at the end of life, and delays associated with do not resuscitate (DNR) orders. Secondly, another article is presented with the research study results. To establish a picture of the practices related to LOI in hospitals, an audit of 299 charts of adult patients who died in three hospitals was undertaken. The results are analyzed with a principle-based ethical framework. Although the use of LOI may vary on certain aspects between hospitals, the LOI would be an effective way to promote respect of patient autonomy, beneficence and caring, but they do not seem effective against inequity issues in access to palliative care. To facilitate and promote their use, it is recommended to standardize the LOI forms across the province and institutions, and to establish clear practice guidelines. Also, more training for health care professionals and adding the signature of a member of the interdisciplinary team would allow professionals to be better equipped for difficult discussions and decision-making, and encourage interdisciplinary practice.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2019-01-23T16:37:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Gonçalez.pdf: 1703059 bytes, checksum: a04fbb3e23e280d09e42e7b689c1218f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-23T16:37:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Gonçalez.pdf: 1703059 bytes, checksum: a04fbb3e23e280d09e42e7b689c1218f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-09 / A obesidade na criança e adolescente é uma doença crônica, epidêmica, de alta prevalência, multicausal e de complexa abordagem a qual envolve vários profissionais de saúde. Muitas pesquisas apontam para as dificuldades no enfrentamento da doença, no entanto, raros discorrem sobre as experiências dos profissionais de saúde que atuam no serviço público prestando cuidados a essas crianças e adolescentes, sobretudo a respeito das práticas e desafios enfrentados por eles durante o manejo desta doença nos diversos componentes de saúde. Este estudo buscou compreender, na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde, como estes percebem suas práticas e respectivos desafios na assistência a esse público no serviço e entre os componentes de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante entrevista semiestruturada com profissionais de saúde que atuam no SUS na assistência com obesidade na criança e no adolescente de duas regiões da cidade de São Paulo. A captação da população foi por intermédio de indicação em bola de neve, de forma que contemplasse diversidades entre às formações profissionais, bem como à atuação nos diferentes componentes de atenção. Para a composição final da população deste estudo foi usado o critério de saturação teórica e o percurso analítico foi norteado pela análise de conteúdo temático. A captação encerrou-se com 16 profissionais, sendo 5 da atenção primária, 4 da secundária, 6 da terciária e um gestor da rede. Eles revelaram que as relações de trabalho com a equipe multiprofissional do respectivo serviço são positivas; o manejo da obesidade em crianças e adolescentes é complexo e desafiador pois o sistema de saúde apresenta problemas e não funciona na sua plenitude; quanto ao conhecimento sobre diretrizes que contemple a obesidade neste público, a maioria disse desconhecer e despontaram que suas atividades são baseadas em normas da instituição onde atuam assim como em suas práticas; a maioria não se articulava adequadamente entre os diferentes componentes de saúde; revelaram falhas no fluxo de referência e contra referência; disseram haver lacunas nos registros pois, as informações referentes a saúde do paciente não são integradas entre os diversos componentes de saúde; os profissionais não perceberam diferenças nas atribuições e competências por nível de atenção. Concluiu-se, a partir da prática e percepção desses profissionais de saúde, que eles enfrentam muitas adversidades os quais, por vezes, interferem em suas práticas gerando serviços nem sempre com a qualidade e articulação desejadas. Há diversidade de materiais e instrumentos norteadores para o manejo da obesidade, mas, poucos deixam claro condutas e fluxos que deverão ser seguidos, pois, são genéricas e não consideram as singularidades da criança e do adolescente. / Child and teenage obesity is a chronic, epidemic, high prevalence, multicausal and hard to approach disease, which involves multiple health professionals. Many researches show difficulties in facing the disease, but very few discourse on the experiences of the health professionals that work on the public service taking care of these youngsters, especially about the practices and challenges faced by them during the management of this disease in the different components of healthcare. This study aims to comprehend, through the perspective of the health professionals, how they perceive their practices and the respective challenges in the assistance to this public in the health system and in it¿s components of care. This is a qualitative research, conceived through semi structured interview with health professionals that act in SUS in the assistance of obese children and teenagers in two regions of São Paulo. The captation of the population was fulfilled by means of snowball indication, in such a way that it included diversity of professional formation and fields of actuation. To the final composition of the population, it was used the theoretical saturation criteria and the analytical path was guided by means of thematic content. The captation finished with 16 professionals, being 5 from the primary care, 4 from the secondary, 6 from the tertiary and one network manager. They revealed positive work relationships with the multiprofessional team of their respective level of care; the management of obesity in children and teenagers is complex and challenging because the health system presents problems and doesn¿t work in it¿s plenitude; regarding the awareness of the guidelines that cover obesity in this public, most of them declared not to have knowledge and pointed that their activities and practices are based on the norms of the institutions they work at; most didn¿t articulate well between the different components of healthcare, revealing reference/counter reference flow failures and gaps in the records due to the non integration of the patient's information about their health among the different levels of healthcare; the professionals didn¿t point differences between the attributions and competences of different levels of care. It was then concluded, from the practices and perceptions of these health professionals that act on the public network in the treatment of obese children and teenagers, that they face many adversities that, sometimes, interfere with their practices, resulting in services that may not reach the desired quality and articulation. There is a wide range of materials and instruments that guide the handling of obesity, but few are clear on the conducts and flows to be taken with obese children and teenagers as they are generic and don¿t consider the particularities of this public.