Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-04T16:27:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Vargas_.pdf: 742993 bytes, checksum: 3594ce6fcca938a80f741a5eb1861a61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T16:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Vargas_.pdf: 742993 bytes, checksum: 3594ce6fcca938a80f741a5eb1861a61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Nenhuma / Produção e consumo sustentável são práticas que levam ao desenvolvimento sustentável e os varejistas possuem um papel crucial neste processo devido à sua posição privilegiada entre oferta e demanda. Haja vista a importância da produção sustentável em termos econômicos, ambientais e sociais, esta pesquisa analisou o desenvolvimento de práticas sustentáveis na cadeia de fornecimento varejista, em sete empresas fabricantes no Brasil nos segmentos de higiene, limpeza, papéis descartáveis, alimentos e linha branca. O estudo de caso múltiplo e de abordagem qualitativa explorou informações sobre produção e consumo sustentável desde a extração dos recursos naturais até o pós-consumo. Entre os resultados observou-se que, visando mitigar os efeitos de materiais desnecessários na produção e no transporte, as sete empresas e uma rede de hipermercado multinacional em codesign com consumidores através de informações de pesquisa de mercado, desenvolveram produtos e embalagens ambientalmente amigáveis, reduziram insumos de produção e aperfeiçoaram as operações de logística, por consequência, diminuíram as quantidades de resíduos de seus produtos e amenizaram emissões de CO² na atmosfera. Desta forma, estas grandes empresas alcançaram ganhos econômicos e ecológicos, enquanto que, no prisma social, em um dos casos foi possível erradicar o trabalho escravo em alguns subfornecedores, durante o processo de certificação ecológica. O projeto estudado restringe-se às empresas com grande capacidade de produção; altos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de redesign de produtos e embalagens; e instrumentos para análise das implicações deste redesign em todo o ciclo de vida do produto. O cenário de negociações ganha-ganha oportunizou atendimento das demandas dos consumidores com produtos sustentáveis consumíveis à preços menores que os similares “não sustentáveis” da concorrência e da linha branca com aumento das parcelas de pagamento, entretanto a comunicação ambiental não visou atingir mais consumidores além do público fiel. Concluiu-se que práticas sustentáveis não são executadas nestas organizações sem ganhos econômicos, pressão de normas legais ou restrição ao acesso de matérias-primas. Neste contexto, tornam-se relevantes pesquisas em projetos sustentáveis para pequenas e médias empresas; integração do tema ambiental para crianças no ensino fundamental, bem como, incentivos e benefícios do governo em apoio a estas causas. A pesquisa fornece informações estruturantes para entendimento da importância do tema e sua efetiva utilização junto às empresas, consumidores, governos e sociedades. / Sustainable production and consumption are practices that lead to sustainable development and retailers have a crucial role in this process because of its prime position between supply and demand. Given the importance of sustainable production in economic, environmental and social terms, this research analyzed the development of sustainable practices in the retail supply chain. The analysis included case studies applied in Brazil in seven manufacturers in the hygiene segment, cleaning, tissue paper, white goods and food. The research was developed through a qualitative approach, multiple study case, exploring information on sustainable production and consumption from the extraction of natural resources to post-consumption. Among the results it was observed that, in order to mitigate the effects of unnecessary materials in the production and transportation, the seven companies and a network of multinational hypermarket in codesign with consumers through market research information, developed products and packaging environmentally friendly, reduced raw materials production and improved logistics operations therefore decreased the amounts of waste from their products and eased CO² emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore, these large companies have achieved economic and ecological gains, while in the social prism, in one case it was possible to eradicate slave labor in some subsuppliers during the ecological certification process. The studied project is restricted to companies with large production capacity; high investments in research and development to redesign products and packaging; and instruments for analysis of the implications of this redesign throughout the product life-cycle management. The negotiating win-win scenario provided an opportunity to meet the demands of consumers with sustainable consumable products to lower prices than similar "unsustainable" of the competition and white line with increased of the payment parcels, however the environmental communication is not aimed to reach more consumers beyond loyal following. The conclusion is that sustainable practices are not performed in these organizations without economic gains, pressure law or restriction on raw materials access. In this context, it becomes relevant research on sustainable projects for small and medium companies; integration of environmental issues for children in elementary school, as well as, government incentives and benefits to support these causes. The research provides structural information for understanding the importance of the theme and its effective use at the companies, consumers, governments and societies.

La consommation énergétique de nos entités de calculs à grande échelle est une problématique de plus en plus inquiétante. Il est d'autant plus inquiétant que nous nous dirigeons vers "L'exascale",machine qui calcule 10^18 opérations flottantes par secondes, soit 10 fois plus que les meilleurs machines publiques actuelles. En 2017, les data-center consommaient 7% de la demande globale et étaient responsable de 2% de l’émission globale de CO2. Avec la multiplication actuelle du nombre d'outils connectés par personne, réduire la consommation énergétique des data-centers et supercalculateurs à grande échelle est une problématique cruciale pour construire une société numérique durable.Il est donc urgent de voir la consommation énergétique comme une problématique phare de cescentres. De nombreuses techniques, ici nommé "levier", ont été développées dans le but de réduire la consommation électrique des centres de calculs, à différents niveaux : infrastructure, matériel, intergiciel et applicatif. Bien utiliser ces leviers est donc capitale pour s'approcher de l'efficience énergétique. Un grand nombre de leviers sont disponibles dans ces centres de calculs. Malgré leurs gains potentiels, il peut être compliqué de bien les utiliser mais aussi d'en combiner plusieurs en restant efficace en énergie.Dans cette thèse, nous avons abordé la découverte, compréhension et usage intelligent des leviers disponibles à grande échelle dans ces centres de calculs. Nous avons étudié des leviers de manière indépendante, puis les avons combinés à d'autres leviers afin de proposer une solution générique et dynamique à l'usage combiné des leviers. / Energy consumption is a growing concern on the verge of Exascale computing, a machine reaching 10^18 operations per seconds, 10 times the actual best public supercomputers, it became a crucial focus. Data centers consumed about 7% of total demand of electricity and are responsible of 2% of global carbon emission. With the multiplication of connected devices per person around the world, reducing the energy consumption of large scale computing system is a mandatory step to address in order to build a sustainable digital society.Several techniques, that we call leverage, have been developed in order to lower the electricalconsumption of computing facilities. To face this growing concern many solutions have beendeveloped at multiple levels of computing facilities: infrastructure, hardware, middle-ware, andapplication.It is urgent to embrace energy efficiency as a major concern of our modern computing facilities. Using these leverages is mandatory to better energy efficiency. A lot of leverages are available on large scale computing center. In spite of their potential gains, users and administrators don't fully use them or don't use them at all to better energy efficiency. Although, using these techniques, alone and combined, could be complicated and counter productive if not wisely used.This thesis defines and investigates the discovery, understanding and smart usage of leverages available on a large scale data center or supercomputer. We focus on various single leverages and understand them. We then combine them to other leverages and propose a generic solution to the dynamic usage of combined leverages.