BACKGROUND Worldwide, hypertension is the third leading risk factor contributing to death, surpassed only by malnutrition and smoking. 1 Hypertension is common and treatable and because uncontrolled hypertension has serious consequences, preventive measures and control of blood pressure should be a high priority. A healthy lifestyle remains the cornerstone of the management of blood pressure (BP) for all severities of hypertension. It is possible to prevent the development of hypertension and to lower blood pressure levels by simply adopting a healthy lifestyle. 2 Health care workers can assess and contribute to the management of hypertension with exercise adequately if the patient is educated and convinced that lifestyle changes are essential and indeed the most cost effective method of obviating cardiovascular disease. METHODS Patients with hypertension (N=110) were identified from a cohort of patients attending the outpatients department of Carletonville Hospital, a district hospital situated in the mining town of Carletonville, South Africa, and were then invited to participate in the study. A crosssectional descriptive study design was used to determine the knowledge and attitudes of these patients with respect to the importance of lifestyle modification in the management of hypertension. This was achieved by administering a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS The largest number of respondents fell in the 50-59 year old age groups (28%). Females (62%) made up a significant majority of the study population. The population breakdown included the following: Black respondents were 75%, while 24 % were white and 1% coloured. Body Mass Index was more than 25 in 81% of the respondents and 84% of the population had schooling levels below high school. Fifty seven percent (57%) of the respondents ate fried foods regularly, 70 % cooked with salt, 18% add salt to their food, while 14% ate red meat regularly and 26 % consumed alcohol, with 6 % having more than 3 beers/day. The majority of participants led sedentary lifestyles according to the physical activity score, with 74% having little or no activity. At the time of the study 69% had blood pressure (BP) levels above 140/90 mmHg with only 42% knowing what their normal BP should be. Seventy seven percent (77%) believed that exercise lowers BP, and only 30% reported having received such advice from a medical professional. Ninety five percent (95%) believed that a balanced diet is important in controlling hypertension and fifty one percent (51%) reported having being advised by a medical professional about a balanced diet. Ninety four percent (94%) knew that adding salt to food affects BP and sixty nine percent (69%) reported having being told by a medical professional about the effects of excessive salt intake in their diets. Eighty percent (80%) believed that alcohol affects blood pressure and forty four percent (44%) reported having received such information from a medical professional. Seventy five percent (75%) believed that smoking affects BP and thirty six percent (36%) got this information from a medical professional. DISCUSSION The results indicate that respondents reported having received advice about lifestyle modification from medical professionals. The advice varied between areas of lifestyle change, which included education on diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise. The most frequently given advice was on diet and salt intake, with exercise being the least often information provided to the patients by medical professionals. Reduced salt intake advice was the most frequently reported (69%), followed by a balanced diet (51%), reduced alcohol intake (44%), not smoking (35%) and benefits of exercise (30%).Despite this most of the respondents were leading sedentary lifestyles, were overweight (BMI>25) and had BP`s greater than 140/90 mmHg . The reasons provided for not exercising varied from “not being used to it”, “no- time” to “body pain”. Twenty one percent (21%) were not on a proper diet due to financial reasons, 16% stated lack of information as the reason and 9% just found unhealthy food to be very tempting. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that although patients do receive advice on lifestyle modification, it is not effective in changing patient behavior, and may therefore be inadequate and not emphasized enough and also not all patients are advised by medical professionals about lifestyle change. The reason for this is not known. Greeff (2006) in his study emphasized that building a trusting relationship between the healthcare worker and the patient is one of the most important aspects when motivating patients. 2

La notion "lifestyle" représente un nouveau stade de l'évolution de l'entrepreneur. Cette approche a été mise en évidence par des travaux anglophones et plus particulièrement présentée par Johannisson (2004) sans être jusqu'à ce jour étudiée. C'est pourquoi par ce travail de thèse nous avons tenté de comprendre le processus entrepreneurial de l'entrepreneur "lifestyle". Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit une étude exploratoire sur 8 cas permettant de mettre en évidence un phénomène émergent. Le cours de notre recherche nous a donc permis de définir le "lifestyle" par opposition au "classique" et de mettre en évidence ses caractéristiques. En outre, un objet ne pouvant être étudié en dehors de tout contexte, il nous a paru essentiel de définir l'hypermodernité qui est le terme utilisé (en sociologie notamment, Aubert et alii, 2005) pour désigner l'ère sociétale dans laquelle nous nous trouvons. L'hypermodernité représente une dualité composée de l'exploitation marchande et de valeurs humanistes. Dans cette mesure, l'entrepreneur lifestyle empreint de quêtes de valeurs construit un modèle économique lui permettant d'être en accord avec ses principes. / Lifestyle is representative of a new entrepreneurial phasis. The aim of this thesis is to conduct an exploratory survey based on 8 lifestyle entrepreneurs cases to describe an emergent phenomenon. Our research introduces the differences between the "classical entrepreneur" and the "lifestyle"one definition and argue the caracteristics of lifestyle entrepreneurship. As we consider the thesis object as an "embedded" one, we present the hypermodern society as the context research. Hypermodernity suggests a dual vision of our society and is composed of business exploitation and humanist values. Therefore, the Lifesytle entrepreneur who is looking for individual and collective values build an economical system which is an entrepreneurial one in adequation with its own assets.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how patients who had undergone Hallberg's  TIA-school at Enköpings Lasarett rate their physical and mental health 18 months after participation. Another purpose was to examine whether they re-diagnosed with a TIA or suffered a stroke. The design of the quantitative study was longitudinal and descriptive. In the study 16 patients participated and to measure their mental and physical health the questionnaire SF36 was used. The results showed that none of the participants suffered a new TIA or stroke since participation in the TIA-school. The participants' self-rated health measured with SF36 showed the highest values ​​in the areas of social function, emotional role function and physical role function. Which indicates a good self-rated health in these areas. Participants were asked how their physical and mental health limited them in everyday life. The majority of participants was not limited at all during the day, either physically (50%) or psychologically (62.5%). Our results demonstrate that a TIA-school like the one at Enköpings Lasarett may have long-term effects on an individual basis, but this effect can not be demonstrated in all off the patients.

No description available.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / The increasing spread of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially in the lowand middle-income countries calls for a more holistic and cost-effective measure to reduce its impact on society. One of the methods advocated for achieving this is health promotion. The Zambian government has called for a shift from curative to preventive management of diseases, including NCDs. Therefore, health professionals are being called upon to redirect their health care management approaches towards preventative care, incorporating health promotion. The study aimed at examining the knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of physiotherapy practitioners and general medical practitioners in Zambia regarding their role in health promotion for NCDs in the hospitals of the Southern Province, Zambia. A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was employed. The quantitative results revealed 98% knowledge of general medical practitioners compared to the 90.6% of the physiotherapists. For attitude, physiotherapists possessed a more positive attitude with 86% while general medical practitioners possessed 80%. Lastly, the study revealed that physiotherapists practise health promotion more than the general medical practitioners, with a 96.2% and 67.7% respectively. The logistic regression showed no significance between the knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups of health practitioners. However, the practice scores revealed that physiotherapists are four times more like to incorporate health promotion compared to the general medical doctors. Both types of health practitioners were of the view that health promotion is the way forward towards the fight against NCDs. However, a number of challenges were echoed that prevent the implementation of a holistic approach management in their practice. Most of the challenges prevalent in these hospitals are policy-based, hence the need for policy makers to intervene for the fight against NCDs.

Es una creación de nuestra biotecnología que se ha heredado de nuestros antepasados desde la época incaica la población del centro utilizaban el Tocosh como medicamento y ellos definían como un preservante del cuerpo. Los incas consideraban los alimentos como un regalo de sus dioses y entre ellos la papa era considerada como una de las mejores muestras de cariño y en su proceso intervenía la divinidad de su dios. Con el paso de los años estas prácticas se han perdido considerándose solo como unas costumbres. La investigación de un producto muy importante, pero a la vez desconocido por muchos y es que en los últimos años el mercado peruano está optando por revalorar sus productos andinos porque saben de los enormes poderes nutritivos y medicinales y ello es consumido en mayor cantidad por los pobladores de la sierra y ahora se extiende hacia la ciudad de Lima. Su efectividad no ha sido superada por la medicina convencional y está 100% comprobada que contribuye al tratamiento de enfermedades como la gastritis. El fin de este plan de negocio es proponer un producto que se encuentre al alcance de toda la población en una presentación tradicional llamado Yogurt de Tocosh para que el cliente lo consuma y lo disfrute teniendo en cuenta lo beneficioso que será para su salud. Asimismo, el objetivo de este proyecto es determinar la viabilidad de la empresa y brindar un producto de calidad acorde a la necesidad del cliente, de esta manera ganar participación en el mercado. / It is a creation of our biotechnology that has been inherited from our ancestors since the Inca period. The population of the center used Tocosh as a medicine and they defined it as a preservative of the body. The Incas considered food as a gift from their gods and among them the potato was considered one of the best examples of affection and in its process the divinity of its god intervened. Over the years these practices have been lost considering themselves only as customs. The investigation of a very important product, but at the same time unknown by many, is that in recent years the Peruvian market is choosing to revalue its Andean products because they know of the enormous nutritional and medicinal powers and this is consumed in greater quantity by the settlers of the mountain range and now it extends towards the city of Lima. Its effectiveness has not been surpassed by conventional medicine and is 100% proven to contribute to the treatment of diseases such as gastritis. The purpose of this business plan is to propose a product that is available to the entire population in a traditional presentation called Tocosh Yogurt for the client to consume and enjoy considering how beneficial it will be for their health. Also, the objective of this project is to determine the viability of the company and provide a quality product according to the customer's needs, in this way gain market share. / Trabajo de investigación

<p>I Sverige har insjuknandet och överlevnanden i hjärtinfarkt förbättrats de senaste åren. Levnadsvanor och livsstil har betydelse. Människor som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt blir utskrivana från sjukhuset allt tidigare idag mot förut. Detta bidrar till att patienter och anhöriga/närstående får ta ett större ansvar efter utskrivningen. Informationsbehovet kring livsstilsförändringar är därför stort. Syftet var att beskriva människors erfarenhet av vad som underlättar respektive försvårar att göra de livsstilsförändringar de fått rekommendation om efter en diagnostiserad hjärtinfarkt. Metoden var en beskrivande studie med kvalitativ ansats. Öppna intervjuer genomfördes med sex informanter. Data analyserades med innehållsanalys. Av informanterna framkom information om hur de upplevt tiden efter insjuknandet gällande de rekommenderade livsstilsförändringarna. Huvudresultatet visade att det som dominerade bland svaren och vad som underlättat att genomföra livsstilsförändringar var den egna motivationen till en förändrad livsstil. Vad som ansågs försvårande var den sociala begränsningen informanterna upplevde. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt med information till sjukvårdspersonal om vilka faktorer som underlättar livsstilsförändring och att den informationen når ut till patienterna.</p><p>Nyckelord: Livsstilsförändring, hjärtinfarkt. upplevelser</p>

I Sverige har insjuknandet och överlevnanden i hjärtinfarkt förbättrats de senaste åren. Levnadsvanor och livsstil har betydelse. Människor som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt blir utskrivana från sjukhuset allt tidigare idag mot förut. Detta bidrar till att patienter och anhöriga/närstående får ta ett större ansvar efter utskrivningen. Informationsbehovet kring livsstilsförändringar är därför stort. Syftet var att beskriva människors erfarenhet av vad som underlättar respektive försvårar att göra de livsstilsförändringar de fått rekommendation om efter en diagnostiserad hjärtinfarkt. Metoden var en beskrivande studie med kvalitativ ansats. Öppna intervjuer genomfördes med sex informanter. Data analyserades med innehållsanalys. Av informanterna framkom information om hur de upplevt tiden efter insjuknandet gällande de rekommenderade livsstilsförändringarna. Huvudresultatet visade att det som dominerade bland svaren och vad som underlättat att genomföra livsstilsförändringar var den egna motivationen till en förändrad livsstil. Vad som ansågs försvårande var den sociala begränsningen informanterna upplevde. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt med information till sjukvårdspersonal om vilka faktorer som underlättar livsstilsförändring och att den informationen når ut till patienterna. Nyckelord: Livsstilsförändring, hjärtinfarkt. upplevelser

The incident, "Sanlu¡¦s poisonous powdered milk" was discovered in September in 2008. It was harmful to many baby's health and made them in risk. Thus, this event evoked the public's fears to milk products. And it also make public to pay attention to the test standard of food safety. And then Melamine derivatives out of the crisis had extended to the cream, protein powder, biscuits and other related food. It is also the most severe issue of public food safety incidents that public concern in recent years. The food safety crisis has expanded to the whole world, and caused panic across the consumer in many nations. Taiwan is also one of the countries affected by the incident. Therefore, this study intends to analyze and compare how the crisis affects consumer purchasing decisions before and after the incident, and to further explore the differences of decision factors among different groups of consumes. In this study, the "Consumer Purchasing Decision Model (EKB Model)" proposed by Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (1978) is adopted as a theoretical basis, "Information search" and "Select assessment" are selected from their third stage of "decision-making process" as two key decision objectives, then the impact of "Involvement" and "Lifestyle" to consumer purchasing decisions is analyzed. We try to collect the primary data through online and paper questionnaire surveys, and the qualified respondents are constrained to those consumers who have experience to buy melamine-contaminated milk products. Some statistical methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and T-test are used to analyze the effective survey data, and to explore the key factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. In this study, some appropriate market segments are first determined by clustering the involvement of consumers of milk products and consumer lifestyle, and then consumer behavior characteristics are analyzed for each market segment. Some research key findings and suggestions are stated as follows. 1. In-depth understanding of the differences and needs of different market segments, and prepare different marketing activities to different types of customers. 2. To increase consumer brand reliance by tagging food compliance certification on packaging or by providing after-sales warranty. 3. In addition to advertisement on general media, consumers are more and more relied on network evaluation. Hence, we can strengthen the marketing network by taking the advantages of internet promotion.

The online game industry grows rapidly in these few years. Attrated by the huge market revenue, many game developers start to produce or publish the online game products. This results in a large amount of online game products. The purpose of this study is to understand the consumer behavior of online games. The lifestyle and the demography will be discussed in this study. The focus of this study is to find out if the consumer behavior will be affected by the difference of the lifestyle and demography. This thesis is based on the E.K.B. Model to develop the structure of consumer behavior, and refers to the A.I.O.structure for the lifestyle dimensions. A structured questionnaire is used to investigate the consumer behavior for online games. The findings are as follows: First, the characteristics of online game consumers are Male, 19 to 30 years old, student, college degree and income per month under 10,000. Second, consumers tend to use internet to find related information. Third, while selecting an online game product, consumers put more emphasis on the company service. Fourth, most consumers purchase the online game and the subscription fee card in the convenience stores, but the percentage of consumers obtain these via internet is increasing. As for lifestyle and demography, demogrphy affects consumer behavior significantly, but the lifestyle doesn¡¦t. Online game developers or publishers should provide good service. Also they can develop different marketing strategies for different market segments based on the demography.