Background: In Sweden and Northern Europe, cardiovascular disease mortality rates are high. The clinical picture in the Western world is dominated by lifestyle diseases in which individual behavior and attitudes have a significant impact on the health effect. In the society cardiovascular disease is seen as an illness factor and contribution to disability. Conditions for a good life are not only good health also factors such as intimate relationships and meaningful work which affect the person's quality of life. Aim: Lifestyle changes and quality of life for patients, regarding cardiovascular disease. Method: A literature review was made. Eight articles, quantitative and qualitative were analyzed. The analysis revealed three themes and four subthemes. Results: Through interventions bodily- and behavioral change occurred, for example weightloss, better cholesterol- and bloodpressure levels and increased physical activity. Respondents also had better quality of life. Great importance was laid on education and information about different lifestyle changes. On the contrary, the nursing staff was careless with the documentation. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, increased physical activity, reducing obesity and improving dietary habits and psychosocial factors such as reduced stress and depression, have a positive impact on the health of cardiovascular disease. Because these changes should not affect patients' quality of life, the nurse's communication and information are important. It's also important to combine good lifestyle changes with good quality of life, as adherence then is better. The nurse has to consider the patients whole life situation.

The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the health of Pacific Islands young people in New Zealand, with a particular emphasis on the effects of their dietary and lifestyle behaviours upon long-term health. This research is based on the observation that noncommunicable, or life-style, diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for Pacific Islands people in New Zealand, that these diseases are invariably attributable to dietary and lifestyle habits, and that these habits become instilled during the adolescent period. Three main methods were undertaken to achieve this aim. The first constituted a review of literature concerning the health of Pacific Islands people in New Zealand, including a discussion of what health means to Pacific Islands people, along with the main health issues that this population encounters. The importance of food to Pacific Islands people is also considered in this review, along with the influence of diet on Pacific Islands people's disease patterns. Existing studies concerning the dietary habits of Pacific Islands youth are also detailed. The second stage of the research involved conducting research into the health of Pacific Islands young people in Christchurch, based in part on the methodology and findings of these previous studies. As the thesis will show, while Christchurch has the fourth largest Pacific Islands population in New Zealand, this population is considerably smaller than those in other main centres. This means that Pacific Islands people have less health resources and services available to them. This research revealed that Pacific Islands young people in Christchurch, and in New Zealand in general, consume a diet that is high in fat and low in other nutrients. Research into the health of Pacific Islands young people is deemed necessary to help to counter the high incidence of lifestyle related diseases in the adult population. Further, by identifying potential health outlooks for the future generation of Pacific Islands adults, research in Christchurch will be useful in ensuring that services and resources to meet Pacific Islands people's specific health needs.

Despite the effectiveness of brief lifestyle interventions delivered in primary health care (PHC), implementation in routine practice remains suboptimal. Previous research suggests that there are many barriers to PHC clinicians addressing lifestyle risk factors, however few studies have identified the importance of various factors and how they shape practices. This thesis aimed to develop and describe a theoretical model to explain the lifestyle risk factor management practices of PHC clinicians and to identify critical leverage points for intervention. The study analysed data collected as part of a larger feasibility project of risk factor management in three community health teams in NSW, Australia, involving 48 PHC providers working outside of general practice. Grounded theory principles were used to inductively develop a model, involving three main stages of analysis: 1) an initial model was developed based on quantitative analysis of clinician survey and audit data, and qualitative analysis of a purposeful sample of participant interviews (n=18) and journal notes; 2) the model was then refined through additional qualitative analysis of participant interviews (n=30) and journal notes; and 3) the usefulness of the model was examined through a mixed methods and case study analysis. The model suggests that implementation of lifestyle risk factor management reflects clinicians??? beliefs about commitment and capacity. Commitment represents the priority placed on risk factor management and reflects beliefs about role congruence, client receptiveness and the likely impact of intervening. Capacity beliefs reflect clinician views about self efficacy, role support and the fit between risk factor management and ways of working. The model suggests that clinicians formulate different intervention expectations based on these beliefs and their philosophical views about appropriate ways to intervene. These expectations then provide a cognitive framework guiding their risk factor management practices. Finally, clinicians??? appraisal of the overall benefits and costs of addressing lifestyle issues acts to positively reinforce or to diminish their commitment to implementing these practices. The model extends previous research by outlining a process by which clinicians??? perceptions shape implementation of lifestyle risk factor management in routine practice. This provides new insights to inform the development of effective strategies to improve such practices.

This project questions and examines the impact of 'take away' culture on our society's lifestyle. The research considers the term 'take away' in relation to food and to broader behaviours such as models of social conduct or lifestyle related to consumerism.The thesis embodies the creative exploration into the relationship between these areas and the outcome is an animated cyclic narrative that illustrates and reflects the concept of 'take away'.The project is constituted as practice-based research. Seventy percent of the final assessment will be associated with the practical work and thirty percent with the contextualising exegesis.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative brain disease worldwide. It primarily affects older adults and is characteristically marked by memory loss correlated with loss of functional brain tissue. As the human lifespan increases and without effective treatment, the number of people at-risk for AD will rise dramatically in the near future. Identifiable genotypic risk factors or causes are only present in a small number of AD patients, and thus environmental factors potentially exacerbating the disease should be examined. Here I reviewed the results of clinical trials examining the role of nutritional components in AD with the following conclusions. First, there are still not enough trials on nutrients affecting onset and progression of AD. Reasons include ethical difficulties of randomized studies controlling for nutrients that are important for overall human health. Thus, conclusions about cognitive benefits of such nutrients remain unknown. Second, the dosages, treatment lengths, and disease time points investigated are varied between studies, with varying results as well. However, studies that examined the role of dietary intervention in early-stage patients report more significant benefits. Third, the interaction of multiple facets of nutrition and general lifestyle factors may act in synergy to affect disease onset and progression. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this review reiterates that neuronal loss, i.e. advanced AD, currently cannot be cured. Instead, the prevention and slow-down of the disease should be approached from as many angles as possible, including nutrition, exercise and social activities, as these factors influence human life every day over many years, affecting the health of the entire body, including the brain.

Television mediation with children is a topic that has been important for parents, educators and scholars since television was introduced into the home. A majority of American families deal with this issue regularly. A significant number of studies in communications, psychology, education and medicine have researched how children and their families are affected. Patterns have been identified by researchers that quantify mediation into specific structures. Through focus groups with parents of tweens, this research investigates how family core values influence mediation in the home by discussing the way parents make choices about television in their daily lives and comparing those results to structures used by scholars. Results show that choices families make about television do not neatly fit into limited categories and are most influenced by a variety of factors including lifestyle choices, every day occurrences, and unavoidable circumstances. Values have a secondary influence.

This thesis deals with the influence of lifestyle on mental illness, more specifically de-pression. It aims to describe and examine whether people's lifestyle can contribute to the development of depression. The thesis describes contemporary society, defines the lifestyle and the main areas this lifestyle manifests itself. It also describes the affective disorders. The conclusion includes a few interviews with both healthy and depressed people which should ilustrate the theoretical knowledge for better understanding.

No description available.

A adoção de hábitos saudáveis como a prática de atividades físicas, alimentação equilibrada, sono saudável e a cessação do tabagismo tem sido apontada como importante medida para melhorar a saúde, a qualidade de vida e facilitar a prevenção e controle de algumas doenças crônicas na população. Assim, intervenções em saúde que visam orientar e facilitar a adoção de tais hábitos são componentes importantes e necessários no planejamento de programas de promoção da saúde. Mesmo que desconsiderássemos qualquer outro benefício além do financeiro, este já seria suficiente para justificar ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde por possibilitarem otimização dos recursos materiais e humanos nas intervenções em saúde . Visando ampliar ainda mais este benefício, novas tecnologias capazes de reduzir custos e manter qualidade de atendimento têm sido pesquisadas. É neste contexto que a abordagem telefônica para promover saúde surge como uma opção. Este estudo tem a finalidade de avaliar a efetividade da abordagem telefônica na promoção da saúde. O estudo foi realizado no Centro de Promoção da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com 46 indivíduos. Foram feitos de 3 a 5 contatos por pessoa, por meio dos quais foram feitas orientações e intervenções baseadas nos preceitos da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e do Modelo Transteórico. Os resultados mostraram que, após a intervenção, os clientes que receberam cinco contatos telefônicos, mudaram o comportamento, passando a praticar alguma atividade física com regularidade e melhorando a qualidade do sono, esta mudança foi estatisticamente significativa. Os outros comportamentos estudados não apresentaram mudança estatisticamente significativas após 3 ou 5 contatos, apesar de alguns clientes apresentarem mudanças favoráveis em seu comportamento, principalmente no grupo que recebeu 5 contatos. Concluindo, a abordagem telefônica favoreceu a adoção de hábitos saudáveis, mostrando-se, portanto, como uma estratégia de apoio favorável à promoção da saúde. / The adoption of healthy habits such as physical activities, balanced diet, healthy sleep, and the cessation of smoking have been pointed out as important measures to improve health, quality of life and further the prevention and control of some chronic diseases in our population. As such, healthy interventions aiming to guide and further the adoption of these habits are important and necessary compounds in the planning of programs dedicated to promoting healthy lifestyles. Even if we do not consider any other benefit, aside from the financial benefit, this would already be enough to justify actions taken for promoting a healthy lifestyle since this could optimize material and human resources in the areas dedicated to health. Aiming to extend even more this benefit, research is being done to find new technologies capable of reducing costs and maintaining the quality of attendance. It is in this context that the telephonic approach for healthy lifestyle promotion appears as an option. This study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of the telephonic approach for healthy lifestyle promotion. This study was performed at the Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Center of the University of São Paulo Medical School, with 46 individuals. Each individual received 3 to 5 telephone calls through which guidance and interventions were made based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Transtheoretical Model norms. The results pointed out, that after this intervention the clients, who had received 5 telephone calls, changed their behavior, They started to practice some form of regular physical activity and changed their quality of sleep, this change was statistically significant. The remaining behaviors studied showed no statistically significant changes after the 3 to 5 telephone calls, although some clients presented favorable behavior changes, principally in the group that had received the 5 telephone calls. In conclusion, the telephonic approach indeed has furthered the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, and thus has shown to be an favourable strategy in the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

The recognition of good clinical indicators and characteristics of accuracy for certain nursing diagnosis allows nurses to identify more accurately the diagnosis and effectively promotes the practical application of the process of nursing work. Given the importance of identifying accurate clinical indicators, this study will be developed in order to analyze the defining characteristics (DC) and related factors (RF) of the nursing diagnosis "Sedentary Lifestyle" (SL) reviewed by Guedes (2011 ) in individuals with hypertension. It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 285 individuals with hypertension, aged between 19 and 59 years, followed at a center for outpatient care, in Fortaleza, CearÃ. Data collection was performed using a form based on empirical references of DC and RF in reviewing proposed by Guedes (2011), by interview and physical examination. The data obtained were analyzed by the researcher to determine the presence or absence of DC and RF and later were referred to specialist nurses who performed the diagnostic inference. It was used EXCEL, SPSS and R software for organizing and analyzing statistical data. The level of significance was 5%. The population was predominantly female, coming from the capital, living with a partner and holder of Diabetes mellitus. Half of the sample had up to 53 years, education time up to 10 years, per capita income up to R$ 500.00 and have a diagnosis of hypertension for over 10 years. The DC more frequent among patients with hypertension were "reduced flexibility of the articulations" (93.7%), "excess weight" (85.3%), "it does not carry out physical activities in the leisure time" (83.9 %) and "it verbalizes preference for activities with little physical exercise" (83.9%). Of total DC evaluated, only five were statistically significant. The RF more frequent were "lack of resources (money, time, place, security and equipment) for the physical exercise" (87.45%), "defective knowledge on the benefits that the physical activity brings to the health and / or on the consequences of the sedentary life style" (78.6%) and "lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise" (76.8%). A total of 11 RF evaluated, seven had a significant association with the diagnosis SL. The prevalence of the diagnosis in question was 55.8%. The DC "chooses routines without physical exercises" was the main characteristic for this diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 100% and a high specificity value (84.13%). Three defining characteristics were not statistically significant from the analysis of likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio: "excess weight", "reduced flexibility of the articulations" and "reduced muscular strength." The RF "lack of motivation for practicing physical exercise" and "lack of interest in exercising" had the highest prevalence ratios (PR = 5.358). It was found in this study that most of these new elements identified in the review of Guedes (2011) are relevant to the accurate identification of diagnosis SL in people with hypertension. Thus, it is expected that this information can contribute to efficient and systematic nursing practice, with an emphasis on health promotion for people with hypertension. / O reconhecimento de bons indicadores clÃnicos e de suas caracterÃsticas de acurÃcia, para determinado diagnÃstico de enfermagem, permite que o enfermeiro identifique com maior precisÃo o diagnÃstico e favorece efetivamente a aplicaÃÃo prÃtica do processo de trabalho de enfermagem. Diante da importÃncia de se identificar indicadores clÃnicos acurados, este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar as caracterÃsticas definidoras (CD) e os fatores relacionados (FR) do diagnÃstico de enfermagem âEstilo de vida sedentÃrioâ (EVS) revisado por Guedes (2011) em indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial (HA). Estudo do tipo transversal, realizado com 285 indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, acompanhados em um centro de atendimento ambulatorial, em Fortaleza, CearÃ. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando um formulÃrio baseado nas referÃncias empÃricas das CD e os FR propostos na revisÃo de Guedes (2011), por meio de entrevista e exame fÃsico. As informaÃÃes obtidas foram analisadas pela pesquisadora para determinar a presenÃa ou ausÃncia das CD e dos FR e, posteriormente, foram encaminhadas aos enfermeiros especialistas que executaram a inferÃncia diagnÃstica. Foram utilizados os softwares EXCEL, SPSS e R para organizaÃÃo e anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados. O nÃvel de significÃncia adotado no estudo foi 5%. A maioria da amostra era do sexo feminino, procedente da capital, morando com companheiro e com diagnÃstico de Diabetes mellitus. Metade da amostra tinha atà 53 anos, tempo de escolaridade de atà 10 anos, renda per capita de atà R$ 500,00 e diagnÃstico de hipertensÃo arterial hà mais de 10 anos. As CD mais frequentes entre os pacientes com de HA foram âflexibilidade das articulaÃÃes diminuÃdaâ (93,7%), âexcesso de pesoâ (85,3%), ânÃo realiza atividades fÃsicas no tempo de lazerâ (83,9%) e âverbaliza preferÃncia por atividades com pouco exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (83,9%). Do total de CD avaliadas, somente cinco apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica. Os FR mais frequentes foram âfalta de recursos (tempo, dinheiro, lugar, seguranÃa, equipamento) para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (87,45%), âconhecimento deficiente sobre os benefÃcios que a atividade fÃsica traz à saÃde e/ou sobre as consequÃncias do sedentarismoâ (78,6%) e âfalta de apoio social para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (76,8%). De um total de 11 FR avaliados, sete apresentaram associaÃÃo significante com o diagnÃstico EVS. A prevalÃncia do diagnÃstico em questÃo foi 55,8%. A CD âescolhe rotina diÃria sem exercÃcio fÃsicoâ foi a principal caracterÃstica para este diagnÃstico, apresentando uma sensibilidade de 100% e um elevado valor de especificidade (84,13%). TrÃs caracterÃsticas definidoras nÃo apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica a partir da anÃlise das razÃes de verossimilhanÃa e odds ratio diagnÃstica: âExcesso de pesoâ, âFlexibilidade das articulaÃÃes diminuÃdaâ e âForÃa muscular diminuÃdaâ. Os FRs âfalta de motivaÃÃo para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ e âfalta de interesse em se exercitarâ apresentaram as maiores razÃes de prevalÃncia (RP = 5,358). Constatou-se neste estudo que a maior parte desses novos elementos encontrados na revisÃo de Guedes (2011) à relevante para a identificaÃÃo acurada do diagnÃstico EVS. Dessa forma, espera-se que estas informaÃÃes possam contribuir para uma prÃtica de enfermagem eficiente e sistematizada, com Ãnfase na promoÃÃo da saÃde de pessoas com hipertensÃo arterial.