Förmaksflimmer är den vanligaste hjärtarytmin globalt och associeras med ökad risk för utveckling av andra sjukdomar som negativt påverkar patientens hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. De flesta komorbida tillstånd som obesitas, hypertoni, alkoholöverkonsumtion, rökning, diabetes, och sömnapné kan påverkas genom livsstilsförändring. Att ändra på en levnadsvana är en utmaning och bör ses som en process. Genom att arbeta på ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt främjas patientens egen förmåga att förbättra livskvaliteten.  Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer med förmaksflimmer. Vilka är riskfaktorerna för en försämrad hälsorelaterad livskvalitet? Kan en förbättrad livsstil ge en bättre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet? Totalt granskades femton vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Databaserna som användes för att hitta artiklarna var PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna granskades utifrån Sophiahemmets Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Artiklarna som inkluderades hade en god till hög kvalitet. Resultatet av artiklarnas analys sammanfattades av en integrerad dataanalys. Vid analysen framkom kategorier och underkategorier som beskrev artiklarnas resultat.  Resultatet sammanställdes från fyra huvudkategorier: Påverkan av faktorer, påverkan av livsstilmodifiering, påverkan av behandlingsstrategi och påverkan av könstillhörighet för patienter med förmaksflimmer. Resultatet visade att patienter med förmaksflimmer har försämrad hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och att kvinnor skattar sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet generellt lägre än männen. De flesta riskfaktorer som sänker patientens hälsorelaterade livskvalitet bedöms vara modifierbara. Val av behandlingsstrategi påverkar patientens hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Slutsats: Hälsorelaterad livskvalitet är oftast försämrad hos patienter med förmaksflimmer och underliggande riskfaktorer är modifierbara. Patientutbildning och stöd av specialistsjuksköterskan är fördelaktig och kan öka patientens hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Nyckelord: Förmaksflimmer, livsstilsförändringar, livsstilsmodifiering, livskvalitet / Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia globally and is associated with increased risk of developing other diseases that negatively affect the patient's health-related quality of life. Most comorbid conditions like obesity, hypertension, alcohol overconsumption, smoking, diabetes, and sleep apnea can be affected by lifestyle change. Changing a lifestyle is a challenge and should be seen as a process. By working on a personcentered approach, the patient's own ability to improve quality of life is promoted. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate health-related quality of life in people with atrial fibrillation. What are the risk factors for a deterioration in health-related quality of life? Can an improved lifestyle provide a better health-related quality of life? A total of fifteen scientific articles with a quantitative approach were reviewed. The databases used to find the articles were PubMed and CINAHL. The articles were reviewed based on Sophiahemmet University's assessment data. The items included had a good to high quality. The results of the articles' analysis were summarized by an integrated data analysis. The analysis revealed categories and subcategories that described the results of the articles. The results were compiled from four main categories: Influence of factors, influence of lifestyle modification, influence of treatment strategy and influence of gender for patients with atrial fibrillation. The results showed that patients with atrial fibrillation have impaired health-related quality of life and that women rate their health-related quality of life generally lower than men. Most risk factors that lower the patient's health-related quality of life are considered modifiable. The choice of treatment strategy affects the patient's health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Health-related quality of life is most often impaired in patients with atrial fibrillation and underlying risk factors are modifiable. Patient education and the support of the specialist nurse are beneficial and can increase the patient's health-related quality of life.Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, lifestyle changes, lifestyle modification, quality of life

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Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of the conditions for leisure rowing in Portugal and in the Czech Republic Author: Bc. Kristýna Kyselá Supervisor of diploma thesis: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc, CSc. Objective: Mapping the attitudes with opinions of rowing coaches from outside Prague rowing clubs on the implementation and management of leisure rowing by adults in clubs of their competence. Then determination whether the demand for courses for newcomers with no previous experience with rowing correspond with offer in the interviewed rowing clubs. Methodology: To meet the objectives of the work was made survey, which was conducted with fourteen responsible rowing coaches from different rowing clubs from seven regions. Results: This thesis contributed to the possibility of using rowing for addressing the decrease of the fitness and change from a sedentary lifestyle to an active, when rowing positively affects several components of fitness. Based on the investigation it was found that it is an interest in leisure rowing in rowing clubs outside of Prague, where in six sections leads to its realization. The research also pointed out that the main problem of the introduction of leisure rowing into the clubs outside of Prague is money. Keywords: fitness, lifestyle, activ lifestyle, healthy lifestyle, Crew...

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and serious mental illness involves major public health problems in the world. People with severe mental illness have an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and obesity, leading to an increased incidence for T2DM. District nurses with advanced training in diabetes care will in their profession give support to lifestyle changes and healthy living habits. Aim The purpose of this study was to illuminate district nurses´ experience of how they can support people with T2DM and serious mental illness.Method A qualitative methodology based on individual interviews analyzed with qualitative content analysis was used. Twelve informants were part of the study. Results The individual meeting with mutual relations and respect for individuals was important. During periods of worsening mental health of the patient, the district nurses provide support and monitoring, adjusted to the patients' ability. The district nurses felt inadequacy and frustration when the patients' physical and mental health were deteriorating. The strategy was to acknowledge progress when small improvements were made and extended contacts with nurses in out-patient psychiatry were requested. Conclusion Support was designed as respectful treatments and individual meetings were prioritized. District nurses' strategies were to guide the patient by positive attitudes according to the individual, and by giving support adapted to the needs of the patient. Despite feelings of insufficiency the district nurses never gave up and conveyed the message to never let go. Cooperation and extended contact with open psychiatry were desirable to exchange knowledge, giving accordance in decisions and messages.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera förekomst av riskfaktorer för och attityder till dentala erosionsskador bland högskolestudenter. Metod: Studien var en prospektiv tvärsnittsstudie där data samlades in via en gruppenkät genom ett klusterurval av studenter på en högskola i södra Sverige. Resultat: Riskfaktorer som de 99 deltagarna uppvisade var frukt- och fruktjuicekonsumtion, tid framför dator/tv/läsplatta och träning. Totalt konsumerade 24,2 % frukt och 17,2 % fruktjuice mer än tre gånger i veckan. En statistisk signifikant skillnad att kvinnor åt mer frukt än män kunde påvisas. Vid tid framför dator/tv/läsplatta var det totalt 23,5 % som spenderade mer än fem timmar om dagen. Av deltagarna var det totalt 25,5 % som tränade mer än tre gånger i veckan där män tränade statistisk signifikant mer än kvinnor. Deltagarna var mer tveksamma till att förändra en vana om risk för dentala erosionsskador fanns än om besvär uppkom i form av smärta som ilningar/isningar i tänderna. Deltagarna i den äldre åldersgruppen (22-42 år) var statistisk signifikant mer tveksamma till att förändra en vana om tändernas färg skulle påverkas av dentala erosionsskador. / Objective: The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of risk factors and attitudes to erosive tooth wear among university students. Method: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study where data were collected by a group survey through a cluster sampling of students at a university in southern Sweden. Results: Risk factors that the 99 students showed were fruit-, fruit juice consumption, time in front of computer/tv/tablet computer and exercise. A total of 24,2 % consumed fruit and 17,2 % consumed fruit juice more than three times/week. A statistically difference that woman ate more fruit then men could be demonstrated. It was a total of 23,5 % who spent time in front of the computer/tv/tablet more than five hours/day. It was a total of 25,5 % who exercised more than three times/week which men exercised statistically significantly more than woman. The participants were more doubtful to changes in their habits if they had risk to develop erosive tooth wear then when a trouble occurred like pain in form of tooth sensitivity. Participants in the older age group (22-42 years old) were statistically more doubtful to change a habit if the color of the teeth would be affected by erosive tooth wear.

Urbanization has for a long period of time been the dominant movement of migration in industrialized countries and still is to this day. Because of this many rural areas are faced with depopulation and the closure of local amenities. When a rural school in the northern parts of Swedish Gotland was threatened with closure a project was launched where people could come and try out living at Gotland, as a way to attract people to move to the rural areas of Gotland.  This study aims to investigate if such initiatives are a successful way to increase migration to rural areas, by examining the characteristics of the projects participants, what their motives were for moving and staying at Gotland and how they experienced the availability of local amenities. The results show that participants who moved with children had a slight tendency to be higher educated, younger and from bigger cities than those who moved without children. Participants with children tended to move because they wanted a rural, safer and calmer lifestyle for them and their children whereas people without children mainly moved because of job opportunities, mostly in creative professions. The majority of people claimed they stayed because of the kindness and openness of the locals and that they felt at home in Gotland. Most also claimed that having attained the lifestyle change they had been searching for and the proximity to nature were reasons for why they chose to stay. How people experienced the availability of amenities varied greatly amongst the participants and no clear pattern could be seen.

New Zealand is currently in the midst of a diabetes epidemic and it has become clear that the increasing prevalence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are inextricably linked to this escalating health crisis. Extensive research has long made clear that people of all ages can enhance their health by incorporating moderate levels of physical activity as part of their normal daily routine and physical activity is now recognised as a major therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes. Despite such evidence, most people in the western world do not engage in sufficient regular physical activity and there remains a paucity of evidence that elucidates effective methods of achieving the required behaviour change over time. This study set out to demonstrate meaningful correlations between the psychosocial constructs optimism, exercise self-efficacy, goal-directness, stage of change, anxiety and depression, the biochemical measures HbA1c and BMI and also the behavioural outcomes of general physical activity and physical exercise participation, all within a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic population. Participants (n=30, newly diagnosed adults with type 2 diabetes; mean age 61.46 years; BMI 31.43 Kg/m²[range 18.8-50.95 Kg/m²]) were recruited from attendees of the Christchurch Diabetes Centre's education seminars. The recruitment strategy was designed to search out diabetic patients as near as practicable to the point in time when they first became cognisant of their disease state. A battery of instruments was assembled into a researcher-administered retrospective questionnaire and this was completed with all subjects at baseline and again at six month follow-up. Additional data comprised subject's demographics and selected bio-chemical measures (subject height, weight, and blood Haemoglobin A1c). Descriptive, correlational and qualitative statistics were evaluated. The level of physical activity reported was significantly less than is required to facilitate the biochemical and psychological changes that are generally considered necessary to support optimal health. On average, study participants did not perform their planned physical activity tasks as well as they might have, despite being relatively optimistic and goal-directed at baseline. Many participants clearly indicated an inadequate understanding of exercise modalities and the intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity required to support optimal health. Generally, participants tended to overestimate their physical activity levels. Exercise self-efficacy emerged as an especially important psychological construct, and one that appeared to be among those central to the participants' relationships with physical activity and exercise. The study group demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of low level anxiety and depression, and even at these sub-clinical levels, anxiety and depression were significantly inversely related to optimism, goal-directness, goal-attainment, exercise self-efficacy and stage of change. The study findings illuminate the wide contextual variability among patients who are suffering from the same chronic condition. Further, the implications of conducting detailed pre-assessments of patients' personal characteristics and their psychological profiles, in order to guide intervention tailoring, are also outlined and discussed. Areas for future research are highlighted. In conclusion, meso and macro-level policy implications are discussed, with reference to an array of the broader determinants of health.

2 pp. / Food labels are designed to help consumers to make healthy food choices. Yet Nutrition Facts label is not always easy to understand due to a lot of technical information. The step-by-step approach in this publication is easy to follow, and may help consumers to build skills how to read and use the information on a Nutrition Facts label more easily and effectively for their needs. The 2-pages information sheet is useful, especially when a nutrition educator teaches a lay person those tricky foods labeling terms and recommends healthy alternative in his/her diet.

Motivation är det som driver oss människor till handling och som får oss att agera på olika sätt. För att genomföra en livsstilsförändring krävs det motivation, men vad är det som motiverar människan till handling? Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverat till att ta beslutet om att en förändring är nödvändig samt hur motivationen påverkat förändringsprocessen. Studien undersöker även om det går att urskilja någon gemensam motivationsfaktor inom olika livsstilsförändringar. I studien har fem informanter som genomgått olika livsstilsförändringar intervjuats. Resultatet visar på att informanterna har motiverats på liknande sätt och att en viktig faktor har varit önskan om att få tillbaka kontrollen över sin situation. Informanterna har även påverkats och motiverats av sitt sociala nätverk, grupptryck, sociala normer och sina egna värderingar. För några informanter var det saknaden av socialt stöd och umgänge som verkade motiverande till att göra en förändring. För samtliga informanter har det varit viktigt med grupptillhörighet och att uppleva en gemenskap under förändringsprocessen. / Motivation is what drives humans to act and what makes us behave in different ways. To implement a change of lifestyle, motivation is required, but what is it that motivates humans to act? The purpose of the study is to examine which factors that motivated people to take the decision to make a necessary change and how motivation impacted the change process. The study also examines whether it is possible to discern a common motivating factor in various lifestyle changes. In this study, five informants who has underwent various lifestyle changes have been interviewed. The result shows that the informants have been motivated to make a change in a similar way and that an important factor has been the desire to get back in control of their situation. The informants were also influenced and motivated by their social network, peer pressure, social norms and their own values. For some informants the lack of social support and interaction justified the lifestyle change. For all informants, it was important to experience a group membership, and to see that they belonged to a community.

Hipotezė: joga praktikuojančių žmonių gyvensena sveikesnė ir sveikatos vertinimas geresnis, nei jogos nepraktikuojančių. Darbo objektas: jogą praktikuojančių ir nepraktikuojančių žmonių gyvensena ir sveikatos vertinimas. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti ir palyginti jogą praktikuojančių ir jogos nepraktikuojančių žmonių gyvensenos ypatumus bei sveikatos vertinimą. Uždaviniai: 1.Nustatyti ir palyginti jogą praktikuojančių ir nepraktikuojančių žmonių mitybos ypatumus. 2.Nustatyti ir palyginti jogą praktikuojančių ir nepraktikuojančių žmonių žalingų įpročių bei fizinio aktyvumo ypatumus. 3.Palyginti jogą praktikuojančių ir nepraktikuojančių žmonių subjektyvų savo sveikatos vertinimą. Rezultatai: Apžvelgus visus gautus duomenis, galime teigti, jog darbo pradžioje iškelta hipotezė, yra teisinga. Jogą praktikuojantys žmonės mitybos, fizinio aktyvumo, žalingų įpročių ir sveikatos vertinimo atžvilgiu yra pranašesni už jogos nepraktikuojančius. Išvados: Jogą praktikuojantys žmonės pasižymi sveikesniais gyvensenos įpročiais, jie mažiau vartoja gyvūninės kilmės riebalų, dažniau vartoja vaisius, košes ir grūdinius produktus, taip pat yra fiziškai aktyvesni, nei nepraktikuojantys, tiek vyrai tiek moterys dažniau sportuoja savarankiškai, lanko grupines pratybas ir be jogos praktikų užsiima kitomis fiziškai aktyviomis veiklomis. Tarp jų vyrauja mažesnis žalingų įpročių paplitimas, nei vienas iš jų nerūko, o ir alkoholį vartoja ženkliai mažiau, nei jogos nepraktikuojantys. Praktikuojantys jogą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Hypothesis: yoga practitioners lifestyle is healthier and health evaluation is better that non practitioners. Object: yoga practitioners and non practitioners actual lifestyle and health evaluation. Aim: to determine and compare the yoga practitioners and non practitioners lifestyle features and health evaluation. Objectives: 1.Determine and compare yoga practitioners and non practitioners nutrition pecularities. 2.Determine and compare yoga practitioners and non practitioners addictions and physical activity pecularities. 3.Compare yoga practitioners and non-practitioners subjective evaluation of their health. Results: After taking a close look at the results of our research, we can confirm that the hypothesis raised in the beginning of the work is correct. Yoga practitioners nutrition, physical activity, addictions and evaluation of their health is better than non practitioners. Conclusion: Yoga practitioners have healthier lifestyle habits, they consume less animal fat, eat more fruits, cereal and cereal based products. Also they are more physically active than non practitioners, both men and women often exercise solo or in group practices and without yoga, practice more kinds of physical activities. Among them are less prevalence of addictions, none of them smoke and comparing with yoga non practitioners less of them use alcohol. Yoga practitioners are healthier and have a better value of their health and quality of life.