<p>Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors&rsquo / physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical&nbsp / doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students&rsquo / t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students&rsquo / t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p&lt / 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of&nbsp / physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p&lt / 0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility&rsquo / s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their&nbsp / barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel.&nbsp / Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and&nbsp / long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and&nbsp / counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

<p>Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors&rsquo / physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical&nbsp / doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students&rsquo / t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students&rsquo / t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p&lt / 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of&nbsp / physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p&lt / 0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility&rsquo / s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their&nbsp / barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel.&nbsp / Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and&nbsp / long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and&nbsp / counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

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The purpose of this study was to examine occupational therapists experiences of health-promoting dialogue. Today, there is no research that shows the importance of the health-promotion dialogue as an individual factor of change in occupational therapeutic treatment. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach in which the authors conducted ten semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists, working in municipal health care and was active in the south and middle part of Sweden. A qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used for the study. This resulted in the following categories; Health promoting or health informative counselling; The environmental dimensions effect on the counselling and Lifestyle habit as everyday habit. The first category indicated that health-promoting dialogue seldom originated from an evidence-based method and had a promoting or informative approach, depending on the level of counselling competence of the occupational therapist. The second category showed that the environmental dimensions played an important role in counselling implementation as well as for the outcome, but seldom supported it. The third category showed that the occupational perspective effected the counselling process, based on its focus on occupation as a therapeutic mean. The study identified multiple promoting and limiting factors which effected the occupational therapists health-promoting dialogue. The authors conclude that this knowledge would contribute to improve the quality in the health-promoting dialogue process of the occupational therapist. This study shows how competence, environment and the occupational perspective constitutes crucial and cooperative factors for the potential change in the health-promoting dialogue. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av samtal om levnadsvanor. Idag saknas forskning som visar på det hälsopromotiva samtalets betydelse som individuell förändringsfaktor i arbetsterapeutiskt behandlingsarbete. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats där författarna genomförde tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med arbetsterapeuter som arbetade inom kommunala sektorn och var verksamma i Skåne eller Uppsala län. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats användes för studien. Detta resulterade i följande kategorier; Hälsopromotivt eller hälsoinformativt samtal; Miljödimensionernas påverkan på samtalet och Levnadsvanan som vardagsvana. Den första kategorin visade att samtalen om levnadsvanor sällan utgick från en evidensbaserad metod och hade en promotiv eller en informativ ansats, beroende på graden av samtalskompetens hos arbetsterapeuten. Den andra kategorin visade att miljödimensionen spelade en viktig roll för samtalets genomförande och utfall men sällan bidrog till att stödja det. I den tredje kategorin framkom det att det arbetsterapeutiska förhållningssättet påverkade samtalsprocessen utifrån dess fokus på aktivitet som terapeutiskt medel. Studien identifierade ett flertal främjande och begränsande faktorer som påverkade arbetsterapeuters samtal om levnadsvanor. Författarna anser att denna kunskap skulle kunna bidra till att höja kvaliteten i arbetsterapeuternas hälsopromotiva samtalsprocess. Studien visar på hur kompetens, miljö och det arbetsterapeutiska perspektivet utgör centrala och samverkande faktorer för samtalets förändringspotential.