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Submitted by Ana Damasceno (ana.damasceno@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-09-12T20:02:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Relação Da Nutrição Apícola Com A Microbiota Do Pólen E Do Sistema Digestório De Abelhas Melíferas Verificada Por Sequenciamento De Nova Geração.pdf: 2887795 bytes, checksum: 12218b912a445c8eb21706a94911e90f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T20:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Relação Da Nutrição Apícola Com A Microbiota Do Pólen E Do Sistema Digestório De Abelhas Melíferas Verificada Por Sequenciamento De Nova Geração.pdf: 2887795 bytes, checksum: 12218b912a445c8eb21706a94911e90f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / A microbiota e os genes funcionais ativamente envolvidos no processo de decomposição e utilização de grãos de pólen em pão de mel e no trato digestório de abelha ainda não são completamente compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura e diversidade da comunidade de bactérias e Archaeas em amostrasde pão de mel e sistema digestório de abelhas africanizadas, bem como para prever os genes envolvido na bioprocessamento microbiano do pólen, usando a tecnologia de seqüenciamento de nova geração. Um total de 11 filos bacterianos foram encontrados dentro do sistema de digestório de abelhas e 10 filos bacterianos foram encontrado dentro pão de mel. Embora a comparação a nível de filo mostre mais filos em comum, a análise filogenética mais profunda mostrou maior variação de composição taxonômica. A família Enterobacteriaceae, Ricketsiaceae, Spiroplasmataceae e Bacillaceae, foram os principais grupos responsáveis por a especificidade do intestino de abelhas, enquanto as principais famílias responsáveis pela especificidade do pão de mel foram Neisseriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae e Lactobacillaceae. Em termos da estrutura da comunidade microbiana, a análise mostrou que as comunidades dos dois ambientes foram bastante diferentes umas das outras, com apenas 7% dos táxons a nível de espécies compartilhados entre o sitema digestório de abelhas e o pão de mel. Os resultados indicaram a presença de um elevado nível de especialização e uma microbiota intestinal bem adaptada dentro de cada abelha e do pão de mel.A comunidade associada ao pão de mel, apresentou maior abundância relativa de genes relacionados com a degradação de aminoácidos, carboidratos, e o metabolismo lipídico, sugerindo que biodegradação do pólen ocorre predominantemente pela microbiota associada ao pão de mel. Estes resultados sugerem uma complexa e importante relação entre nutrição de abelhas e suas comunidades microbianas. / The microbiota and the functional genes actively involved in the process of breakdown and utilization of pollen grains in beebread and beeguts are not yet understood. The aim of this work was to assess the diversity and community structure of bacteria and archaea in Africanized honeybee guts and beebread as well as to predict the genes involved in the microbial bioprocessing of pollen using state of the art ‘post-light’ based sequencing technology. A total of 11 bacterial phyla were found within bee guts and 10 bacterial phyla were found within beebread. Although the phylum level comparison shows most phyla in common, a deeper phylogenetic analysis showed greater variation of taxonomic composition. The families Enterobacteriaceae, Ricketsiaceae, Spiroplasmataceae and Bacillaceae, were the main groups responsible for the specificity of the bee gut while the main families responsible for the specificity of the beebread were Neisseriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae and Lactobacillaceae. In terms of microbial community structure, the analysis showed that the communities from the two environments were quite different from each other with only 7 % of species-level taxa shared between beegut and beebread. The results indicated the presence of a highly specialized and well-adapted microbiota within each bee gut and beebread. The beebread community included a greater relative abundance of genes related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that pollen biodegradation predominantly occurs in the beebread. These results suggests a complex and important relationship between honeybee nutrition and their microbial communities.

Submitted by Ana Damasceno (ana.damasceno@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T18:21:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Relação Da Nutrição Apícola Com A Microbiota Do Pólen E Do Sistema Digestório De Abelhas Melíferas Verificada Por Sequenciamento De Nova Geração.pdf: 2887795 bytes, checksum: 12218b912a445c8eb21706a94911e90f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Damasceno (ana.damasceno@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-08-23T16:34:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Relação Da Nutrição Apícola Com A Microbiota Do Pólen E Do Sistema Digestório De Abelhas Melíferas Verificada Por Sequenciamento De Nova Geração.pdf: 2887795 bytes, checksum: 12218b912a445c8eb21706a94911e90f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T16:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Relação Da Nutrição Apícola Com A Microbiota Do Pólen E Do Sistema Digestório De Abelhas Melíferas Verificada Por Sequenciamento De Nova Geração.pdf: 2887795 bytes, checksum: 12218b912a445c8eb21706a94911e90f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / A microbiota e os genes funcionais ativamente envolvidos no processo de decomposição e utilização de grãos de pólen em pão de mel e no trato digestório de abelha ainda não são completamente compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura e diversidade da comunidade de bactérias e Archaeas em amostrasde pão de mel e sistema digestório de abelhas africanizadas, bem como para prever os genes envolvido na bioprocessamento microbiano do pólen, usando a tecnologia de seqüenciamento de nova geração. Um total de 11 filos bacterianos foram encontrados dentro do sistema de digestório de abelhas e 10 filos bacterianos foram encontrado dentro pão de mel. Embora a comparação a nível de filo mostre mais filos em comum, a análise filogenética mais profunda mostrou maior variação de composição taxonômica. A família Enterobacteriaceae, Ricketsiaceae, Spiroplasmataceae e Bacillaceae, foram os principais grupos responsáveis por a especificidade do intestino de abelhas, enquanto as principais famílias responsáveis pela especificidade do pão de mel foram Neisseriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae e Lactobacillaceae. Em termos da estrutura da comunidade microbiana, a análise mostrou que as comunidades dos dois ambientes foram bastante diferentes umas das outras, com apenas 7% dos táxons a nível de espécies compartilhados entre o sitema digestório de abelhas e o pão de mel. Os resultados indicaram a presença de um elevado nível de especialização e uma microbiota intestinal bem adaptada dentro de cada abelha e do pão de mel.A comunidade associada ao pão de mel, apresentou maior abundância relativa de genes relacionados com a degradação de aminoácidos, carboidratos, e o metabolismo lipídico, sugerindo que biodegradação do pólen ocorre predominantemente pela microbiota associada ao pão de mel. Estes resultados sugerem uma complexa e importante relação entre nutrição de abelhas e suas comunidades microbianas. / The microbiota and the functional genes actively involved in the process of breakdown and utilization of pollen grains in beebread and beeguts are not yet understood. The aim of this work was to assess the diversity and community structure of bacteria and archaea in Africanized honeybee guts and beebread as well as to predict the genes involved in the microbial bioprocessing of pollen using state of the art ‘post-light’ based sequencing technology. A total of 11 bacterial phyla were found within bee guts and 10 bacterial phyla were found within beebread. Although the phylum level comparison shows most phyla in common, a deeper phylogenetic analysis showed greater variation of taxonomic composition. The families Enterobacteriaceae, Ricketsiaceae, Spiroplasmataceae and Bacillaceae, were the main groups responsible for the specificity of the bee gut while the main families responsible for the specificity of the beebread were Neisseriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae and Lactobacillaceae. In terms of microbial community structure, the analysis showed that the communities from the two environments were quite different from each other with only 7 % of species-level taxa shared between beegut and beebread. The results indicated the presence of a highly specialized and well-adapted microbiota within each bee gut and beebread. The beebread community included a greater relative abundance of genes related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that pollen biodegradation predominantly occurs in the beebread. These results suggests a complex and important relationship between honeybee nutrition and their microbial communities.

Radiotherapy aims to sterilize cancer cells through ionization induced damages to their DNA whilst trying to reduce dose burdens to healthy tissues. This can be achieved to a certain extent by optimizing the choice of radiation to treat the patient, i.e. the types of particles and their energy based on their specific interaction patterns. In particular, the formation of complex clusters of energy deposits (EDs) increases with the linear energy transferred for a given particle. These differences cause variation in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The complexity of ED clusters might be related to complex forms of DNA damage, which are more difficult to repair and therefore prone to inactivate the cells. Hence, mapping of the number and complexity of ED clusters for different radiation qualities could aid to infer a surrogate measure substituting physical dose and LET as main predictors for the RBE .   In this work the spatial patterns of EDs at the nanometre scale were characterized for various energies of proton, helium, lithium and carbon ions. A track structure Monte Carlo code, LIonTrack, was developed to accurately simulate the light ion tracks in liquid water. The methods to emulate EDs at clinical dose levels in cell nucleus-sized targets for both 60Co photons and light ions were established, and applied to liquid water targets. All EDs enclosed in such targets were analyzed with a specifically developed cluster algorithm where clustering was defined by a single parameter, the maximum distance between nearest neighbour EDs. When comparing measured RBE for different radiation qualities, there are cases for which RBE do not  increase with LET but instead increase with the frequencies of high order ED clusters. A test surrogate-measure based on ED cluster frequencies correlated to parameters of experimentally determined cell survival. The tools developed in this thesis can facilitate future exploration of semi-mechanistic modelling of the RBE.

<p>Light-ions (protons, deuterons, tritons, ³He and α articles) production in the interaction of 175 MeV neutrons with iron and bismuth has been measured using the Medley setup at the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala. These measurements have been conducted in the frame of an international collaboration whose aim is to provide the scientific community with new nuclear data of interest for the development of Accelerator Driven Systems, in the range of 20 to 200 MeV. In this Licentiate Thesis I will present the background for the present experiment, the choice of the measured materials (iron and bismuth) and of the energy range. I will then give a short theoretical description of the involved nuclear reactions and of the model used to compare the experimental results. A description of the neutron facility at TSL and of Medley setup will follow. Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup have been performed and some results are here reported and discussed. I will present data reduction procedure and finally I will report preliminary double differential cross sections for production of hydrogen isotopes from iron and bismuth at several emission angles. Experimental data will be compared with model calculations with TALYS-1.0; these show better agreement for the production of protons, while seems to overestimate the experimental production of deuterons and tritons.</p>

Light-ions (protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He and α articles) production in the interaction of 175 MeV neutrons with iron and bismuth has been measured using the Medley setup at the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala. These measurements have been conducted in the frame of an international collaboration whose aim is to provide the scientific community with new nuclear data of interest for the development of Accelerator Driven Systems, in the range of 20 to 200 MeV. In this Licentiate Thesis I will present the background for the present experiment, the choice of the measured materials (iron and bismuth) and of the energy range. I will then give a short theoretical description of the involved nuclear reactions and of the model used to compare the experimental results. A description of the neutron facility at TSL and of Medley setup will follow. Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup have been performed and some results are here reported and discussed. I will present data reduction procedure and finally I will report preliminary double differential cross sections for production of hydrogen isotopes from iron and bismuth at several emission angles. Experimental data will be compared with model calculations with TALYS-1.0; these show better agreement for the production of protons, while seems to overestimate the experimental production of deuterons and tritons.

Radiation therapy with light ions improves treatment outcome for a number of tumor types. The advantageous dose distributions of light ion beams en-able exceptional target conformity, which assures high dose delivery to the tumor while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal tissues. The demand of high target conformity necessitates development of accurate methods to calculate absorbed dose distributions. This is especially important for heavy charged particle irradiation, where the patient is exposed to a complex radia-tion field of primary and secondary ions. The presented approach combines accurate Monte Carlo calculations using the SHIELD-HIT07 code with a fast analytical pencil beam model, to pro-vide dose distributions of light ions. The developed model allows for ana-lytical descriptions of multiple scattering and energy loss straggling proc-esses of both primary ions and fragments, transported in tissue equivalent media. By applied parameterization of the radial spread of fragments, im-proved description of radial dose distributions at every depth is obtained. The model provides a fast and accurate tool of practical value in clinical work. Compared to conventional radiation modalities, an enhanced tissue response is seen after light ion irradiation and biological optimization calls for accu-rate model description and prediction of the biological effects of ion expo-sure. In a joint study, the performance of some radiobiological models is compared for facilitating the development towards more robust and precise models. Specifically, cell survival after exposure to various ion species is modeled by a fast analytical cellular track structure approach in conjunction with a simple track-segment model of ion beam transport. Although the stud-ies show that descriptions of complex biological effects of ion beams, as given by simple radiobiological models, are approximate, the models may yet be useful in analyzing clinical results and designing new strategies for ion therapy.

Festkörperspurdetektoren (FKSD) auf der Basis von Polymermaterialien sind ein geeignetes Mittel zum Nachweis von Ionenstrahlung [1]. Ebenso können damit Neutronen über ihre sekundären Ionen gemessen werden. Als passive und integrierende Detektoren eignen sie sich insbesondere gut für die Dosimetrie, wobei die geringe bzw. fehlende Empfindlichkeit für Elektronen und Photonenstrahlung ein weiteres Argument für die Anwendungen in gemischten Strahlungsfeldern darstellt. Als passive Detektoren arbeiten FKSD ohne zusätzliche Messelektronik und Stromversorgung. Das macht sie insbesondere für die Personen- und Ortsdosimetrie interessant. Allerdings sind die latenten, submikroskopischen Ionenspuren nach der Exposition nicht unmittelbar sichtbar. Erst durch einen mehr oder weniger aufwendigen Ätzprozess werden diese lichtmikroskopisch oder für das Auge direkt sichtbar. Da bei FKSD von der Herstellung bis zur Ätzung alle Ereignisse registriert werden, handelt es sich somit auch um integrierende Detektoren.Für die Dosimetrie ist insbesondere der Nachweis von leichten Ionen bis zu spezifischen Energien von 10 MeV / Nukleon wichtig. Protonenstrahlung wird für die Radiotherapie von Geschwulstkrankheiten angewendet; die meisten leichten Ionen der Elemente Wasserstoff bis Sauerstoff sind Bestandteile der Sekundärstrahlung von Neutronen,[Alpha]-Teilchen treten häufig als Zerfallsprodukt verschiedener schwerer Radioisotope auf. Während eine große Zahl von Polymeren eine Empfindlichkeit für schwere Ionen zeigen, ist die Auswahl für leichte Ionen schon sehr eingeschränkt.[Alpha]-Teilchen können noch mit verschiedenen Polykarbonaten, Zelluloseacetat und -nitrat nachgewiesen werden. Die Registrierung von Protonen ist derzeit nur mit dem besonderen Polykarbonat CR - 39 und mit Zellulose (di/tri) nitrat möglich. Natürlich eignen sich diese Materialien auch hervorragend zur Messung von [Alpha] -Teilchen. Leichte Ionen stellen weiterhin eine wichtige Sonde in der Radiobiologie dar. Festkörperspurdetektoren können hier als Monitore für die getroffenen Zellen und Zellbestandteile dienen. Dadurch ist prinzipiell eine genaue Lokalisierung der getroffenen Zellbausteine/Organellen möglich...

Festkörperspurdetektoren (FKSD) auf der Basis von Polymermaterialien sind ein geeignetes Mittel zum Nachweis von Ionenstrahlung [1]. Ebenso können damit Neutronen über ihre sekundären Ionen gemessen werden. Als passive und integrierende Detektoren eignen sie sich insbesondere gut für die Dosimetrie, wobei die geringe bzw. fehlende Empfindlichkeit für Elektronen und Photonenstrahlung ein weiteres Argument für die Anwendungen in gemischten Strahlungsfeldern darstellt. Als passive Detektoren arbeiten FKSD ohne zusätzliche Messelektronik und Stromversorgung. Das macht sie insbesondere für die Personen- und Ortsdosimetrie interessant. Allerdings sind die latenten, submikroskopischen Ionenspuren nach der Exposition nicht unmittelbar sichtbar. Erst durch einen mehr oder weniger aufwendigen Ätzprozess werden diese lichtmikroskopisch oder für das Auge direkt sichtbar. Da bei FKSD von der Herstellung bis zur Ätzung alle Ereignisse registriert werden, handelt es sich somit auch um integrierende Detektoren.Für die Dosimetrie ist insbesondere der Nachweis von leichten Ionen bis zu spezifischen Energien von 10 MeV / Nukleon wichtig. Protonenstrahlung wird für die Radiotherapie von Geschwulstkrankheiten angewendet; die meisten leichten Ionen der Elemente Wasserstoff bis Sauerstoff sind Bestandteile der Sekundärstrahlung von Neutronen,[Alpha]-Teilchen treten häufig als Zerfallsprodukt verschiedener schwerer Radioisotope auf. Während eine große Zahl von Polymeren eine Empfindlichkeit für schwere Ionen zeigen, ist die Auswahl für leichte Ionen schon sehr eingeschränkt.[Alpha]-Teilchen können noch mit verschiedenen Polykarbonaten, Zelluloseacetat und -nitrat nachgewiesen werden. Die Registrierung von Protonen ist derzeit nur mit dem besonderen Polykarbonat CR - 39 und mit Zellulose (di/tri) nitrat möglich. Natürlich eignen sich diese Materialien auch hervorragend zur Messung von [Alpha] -Teilchen. Leichte Ionen stellen weiterhin eine wichtige Sonde in der Radiobiologie dar. Festkörperspurdetektoren können hier als Monitore für die getroffenen Zellen und Zellbestandteile dienen. Dadurch ist prinzipiell eine genaue Lokalisierung der getroffenen Zellbausteine/Organellen möglich...