Thesis (doctoral)--Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald, 1900. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [5]-6).

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexanders-Universität zu Erlangen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Erlangen, 1916̀. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [vii]-viii).

Based on the latest concepts of economics, this study is aimed at the adjustment of the Kaohsiung district change. At the same time, it analyzes the change system on the basis of formal limitation, informal limitation and administration. Kaohsiung City Government was established on Nov. 8 1944. Continuing using under Japanese settlement, Kaohsiung city was separated by districts. There were many Lis under a district. A Li is the basic organization. Kaohsiung city was raised to a special municipality on July 1 1979, edited by Yencheng, Gushan, Zuoying, Nanzih, Sanmin,, Sinsing, Cianjin, Lingya, Cianjhen, Cijin and Siaogang District. Because of the development of economy, the population of Kaohsiung was increased quickly. Due to geographical, economic, and historical factors, the population gap among districts will not be filled up. The adjustment of the district change has to be done without delay. This adjustment has to consider the political fair principle to raise administration efficiency and allotment of district resources reasonably. As the city government, he could not bring up a suitable adjustable project without the research of distribution of population and vision of area development. But this project has to get an approval from the city council to execute. However, councilmen just focus on their personal interests. They seldom play a role faithfully in the city council. This is the reason why the system could not be changed smoothly. The adjustment of district change has a great influence on reducing the finance of city government, strengthening the service for people and distributing the district resource. Kaohsiung city government has to proceed to this project speedily. What is the best public policy? It depends. Through the process of communication, conviction, debate and negotiation, getting the approval from the city council, we could promote all social benefits

No description available.

La propriété telle que décrite à l’article 544 du Code civil est absolue, exclusive et perpétuelle. L’idée d’un droit réel inviolable et sacré n’est qu’un leurre. La propriété immobilière est nécessairement limitée, elle doit respecter des objectifs primordiaux, d’une part, l’équilibre entre les droits des personnes privés et, d’autre part, l’intérêt général. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des modes de limitation ont été créés en droit privé et public. La loi, le contrat, la jurisprudence et les normes réglementaires sont autant d’atteintes du droit de propriété qui appellent aménagement de modes de limitation. Les techniques de restriction ont natures différentes, acceptées ou imposées, et des régimes distincts, simples ou complexes. Cette diversité rend leur étude délicate et leur justification critiquable, tant la protection de la propriété, droit fondamental, est essentielle. L’expansion des modes de limitation est telle que se pose une question, la conception du droit de propriété des rédacteurs du Code civil n’est-elle pas altérée ? La présente étude se concentre sur l’identification de ces modes de limitation justifiés par les intérêts privés et l’intérêt général, et ce, afin de comprendre toute leur complexité, leur étendue et leur impact sur les prérogatives du droit de propriété / The property, as described in Article 544 of the Civil Code is absolute, exclusive and perpetual. This idea of a sacred and inviolable property is an illusion. Real estate ownership is limited, in order to meet the primary objectives, namely, firstly, the balance between the rights of private persons and, second, the general interest. For these goals to be achieved, limiting patterns were created. Their expansion is such that arises, therefore, whether the ownership is not brought to disappear as he suffered assaults from all sides? The law, contract, jurisprudence and public law regulations are all limited sources of property rights which are implementing thereof limiting modality. The limitation modalities can take various forms, they can be accepted or imposed. Their diet can be simple or complex, making them difficult and questionable justification study as the protection of property rights, fundamental right is essential. This study focuses on these mitigation techniques justified by private interests and the general interest in order to understand the complexity, scope and impact of modes limitation on real property

Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting threatened and endangered species may compromise a population’s ability to persist through time. Here, I determined how plant mating system, pollination biology, pollen source, habitat type, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory affected the persistence of a rare wetland endemic plant, Polemonium vanbruntiae (Eastern Jacob’s ladder). In contrast to several of the more common species of Polemonium, I found no pollen limitation in populations of P. vanbruntiae. The lack of pollen limitation was best explained by the capacity for P. vanbruntiae to self-fertilize. However, pollinators play an important role as inter- and intra-plant pollen vectors in this system because female reproductive fitness was greatly reduced when pollinators were excluded. These results support the reproductive assurance hypothesis, whereby the ability to self assures fertilization for plants in small populations. A mixed-mating strategy, including the ability for clonal reproduction, may explain the ability for this rare species to persist in small, fragmented populations. However, mixed mating strategies may incur both costs and benefits. The ability to self-fertilize may provide reproductive assurance that when pollinators and/or potential mates are scarce. Yet, selfing is potentially costly when the result is a reduction in offspring quantity and quality. I found that the relative performance of selfed offspring was lower than outcross offspring in terms of germination and offspring vigor. When pollen is received from a distant site, offspring exhibit heterosis with increased vigor in terms of more leaves, larger leaf area and height. Although I was unable to follow offspring survival to flowering, enhanced germination success and more vigorous growth suggest that gene flow among populations may increase plant vigor and enhance genetic variation within small, isolated populations of P. vanbruntiae. For long-lived organisms such as perennial plants, it is often difficult to determine which environmental factors will have the largest effects on long-term population dynamics. I incorporated the effects of habitat type and white-tailed deer herbivory into a population viability model for P. vanbruntiae to determine the effects of both habitat and herbivory on long-term ramet dynamics. Polemonium vanbruntiae ramets in wet meadow habitats are expected to increase at a faster rate than ramets in the forest seep habitats, but P. vanbruntiae is expected to increase over time in both habitat conditions. White-tailed deer preferentially browsed adult ramets, primarily those occurring in forest seep sites. Deer browsing significantly decreased the predicted population growth rate under stochastic conditions, although P. vanbruntiae ramets are expected to increase at a slow rate in the future under herbivore pressure. Herbivory also increased the extinction risk to a detectable level. Deer browsing shifted the potential for younger life histories stages to change future population growth. Instead, survival and stasis of large vegetative ramets became the vital rates having the largest potential impact on future population growth. Thus, active long-term management of deer populations appears necessary for the guaranteed persistence of populations of rare, endemic herbs such as P. vanbruntiae.

Coherency analyzes the trace to trace amplitude similarities recorded by seismic waves. Coherency algorithms have been used to identify the structural or stratigraphic features of an area but the limitations for detecting small-scale features are not known. These limitations become extremely important when interpreting coherency within poorly acquired or processed data sets. In order to obtain a better understanding of the coherency limitations, various synthetic seismic data sets were created. The sensitivity of the coherency algorithms to variations in wave frequency, signal-to-noise ratio and fault throw was investigated. Correlation between the coherency values of a faulted reflector and the known offset shows that coherency has the ability to detect the presence of various scale features that may be previously thought to be below seismic resolution or difficult to discriminate with conventional interpretation methods. Coherency values had a smaller standard deviation and were less sensitive to noise when processed with a temporal window length less than one period. A fault could be detected by coherency when the signal-to-noise ratio was >3. A fault could also be detected as long as the throw-to-wavelength ratio was >5% or two-way traveltime-toperiod >10%. Therefore, this study suggests that coherency has the ability to detect a fault as long as the frequency of the data imaging that fault has a period no greater than one order of magnitude to the traveltime through the fault and that the signal can easily be distinguished from noise. Results from application of the coherency analysis were applied to the characterization of a very deep fault and fracture system imaged by a field seismic data set. A series of reverse and strike-slip faults were detected and mapped. Magnitudes of the throws for these faults were not known, but subtle amplitude anomalies in seismic sections confirmed the coherency analysis. The results of this study suggest that coherency has demonstrated an ability to detect features that would normally beoverlooked using traditional interpretation methods and has many future implications for poorly imaged seismic areas, such as sub-salt.