N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) with C12-C18 acyl chain are ubiquitous in seed plants and play a role in mediating abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent or -independent responses to stress. In moss Physcomitrella patens, using selective lipidomics approach, we recently identified the occurrence of anandamide or N-arachidonylethanolamide (NAE 20:4) and its precursors that were previously not reported in plants. Occurrence of anandamide in moss provides us with a unique opportunity to address if early land plants retained NAE-mediated signaling mechanism that is akin to animals but not to vascular plants. It is hypothesized that a distinctive NAE profile and metabolic pathway occurs in P. patens. To this extent, putative genes that might be responsible for anandamide metabolic pathway were identified and their expression levels were determined for three developmental stages of moss. The NAE metabolite levels and transcript levels for putative genes were higher in protonema stage and anandamide showed higher growth inhibitory effects, chlorophyll reduction, and putative gene induction than NAE 12:0, compared to ABA, when applied exogenously.

Des mutations dans les gènes codant pour des myotubularines (MTM) sont responsables de maladies neuromusculaires telles que la XLCNM (MTM1) ou la CMT4 (MTMR2 & MTMR13). Les MTMs sont des phosphatases à phosphosinositides (PPIn), des messagers lipidiques essentiels pour la régulation spatio-temporelle de fonctions cellulaires vitales.La présence de 14 paralogues de MTMs chez l’Homme complique l’analyse de la fonction cellulaire d’un seul membre de la famille. La levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dont l’organisation cellulaire est comparable à une cellule humaine, ne compte en revanche qu’un seul homologue de MTM (YMR1), pour lequel nous disposons de mutants de délétion viables.L’expression de MTM1 sauvage ou mutants de patients dans la levure montre seules les myotubularines enzymatiquement actives induisent une morphologie anormale du compartiment lysosomal et un défaut du trafic membranaires endocytique.Nos résultats suggèrent que l’activité phosphatase de MTM1 ne serait pas à elle seule responsable de la XLCNM mais que d’autres mécanismes, tels que les interactions protéiques, pourraient prendre part au développement de la maladie. / Mutations in myotubularin (MTM) genes are responsible for neuromuscular diseases like the XLCNM (MTM1) or the CMT4B (MTMR2 & MTMR13). MTMs dephosphorylate phosphoinositides (PPIn), lipid messengers that play an essential role in the spatio-temporal regulation of critical cellular functions.The presence of 14 MTMs paralogues in Human hinders the analysis of the cellular function of a single MTM family member. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae displays an intracellular organization that is similar to human cells and its genome encodes for only one myotubularin (YMR1) for which deletion mutants are available and viable.The expression of MTM1 either wild-type or mutants from patients, in yeast, shows that only phosphatase-active myotubularins induce an abnormal morphology of the lysosomal compartment and a defect in the endocytic membrane trafficking.Our results suggest that the catalytic activity of MTM1 isn’t single-handedly responsible for XLCNM but that other mecanisms, such as protein-protein interactions, could take part in the development of the disease.