Biliary lithiasis is a metabolic disease that many risk factors participate of the etiopathogeny, and potentialize an eventual genetic condition. Prevalence in the western countries is about 10-15% of adults, being an important public health trouble. There is no knowledge about its pathogenesis yet, that can be associated to an unusual metabolism of cholesterol and lipoproteins. This study had aims to verify the relationship between serum and biliary levels of protein, cholesterol and calcium in patients with gallstones and gallbladder polip; identify if there is difference between laboratorial serum and biliary concentration of this elements in these two groups; study laboratorial serum and biliary profile in gallstones patients through of protein, cholesterol and calcium levels. This transversal study had two groups: a 41 gallstones patients and a 15 gallbladder polip patients as control group. Everyone was submitted to a videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, when they had been taken blood and bile samples to be analyzed. In the blood was measured cholesterol total, LDL, HDL fractions, triglycerides, calcium total and protein total. In the bile was measured cholesterol total, calcium total and proteins. Statistical analysis was composed by use of F - test to normal distribution, Levene test to abnormal distribution. Student s t - test to medias comparison, analysis of variance of factor and Pearson correlation test p<0,05 was considered significant. It was found a stronger correlation between three elements measured in gallstone group. In polip group was found a strong correlation between calcium and protein biliary. There is no correlation between serum and biliary elements in gallstone group: calcium, cholesterol, LDL, HDL. Polip group had correlation between biliary protein and LDL serum, calcium biliary and HDL serum.With exception of protein and calcium biliary, more elevated in polip patients, every elements had statistics medias equals. Conclusions: there was no correlation between lipids elements bilia ries and serum in both studied groups; the medias of biliary and serum contents were statistically the same, with exception of protein and calcium biliary, had more elevated levels in polip group. The profile of serum and biliary elements was similar in both groups except for the biliary protein and of the triglycerids that presents some difference. / Litiáse biliar é uma doença metabólica, de cuja etiopatogenia participam vários fatores de risco, que potencializam uma eventual condição genética. A prevalência nos países ocidentais atinge 10 a 15% da população adulta, produtiva, configurando um importante problema de saúde pública. Não se tem ainda um total esclarecimento sobre sua patogênese, que pode estar associada a anormalidades no metabolismo do colesterol e das lipoproteínas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos verificar se há relação entre níveis séricos e biliares da proteína, do colesterol e do cálcio em portadores de colelitíase e de pólipo da vesícula; identificar se há diferença entre os valores laboratoriais séricos e biliares desses elementos obtidos nos dois grupos; estudar o perfil laboratorial sérico e biliar de pacientes portadores de colelitíase, a partir dos elementos supracitados. Esse estudo transversal envolveu 41 pacientes com colelitíase e 15 com pólipos da vesícula biliar como grupo de controle. Todos se submeteram a colecistectomia videolaparoscópica e tiveram amostras de sangue e bile colhidas para análise. Foram dosados no sangue: colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicérides, cálcio total e proteínas totais. Na bile dosaram-se: colesterol total, cálcio total e proteínas. A análise estatística consistiu na aplicação do teste F para distribuição normal e de Levene para distribuição não normal, teste t de Student para comparação das médias, análise de variância de um fator e teste de correlação de Pearson. Considerou-se um nível de significância p<0,05. Foram encontradas correlações fortíssimas entre os três elementos biliares pesquisados no grupo de cálculo. No grupo de pólipo houve correlação forte entre proteína e cálcio biliares. Constatou-se a inexistência de correlação, no grupo de cálculo, entre os elementos biliares e os séricos: cálcio, colesterol, LDL e HDL. No grupo de pólipo, houve correlação forte entre proteína biliar e LDL sérico, cálcio biliar e HDL sérico. Com exceção da proteína e do cálcio biliares, mais elevados nos pacientes com pólipo, todos os elementos biliares e séricos dosados tiveram médias estatisticamente iguais. Chegou-se às seguintes conclusões: não houve correlação entre os elementos lipídicos biliares e séricos nos dois grupos estudados; a média dos constituintes biliares e séricos foi estatisticamente igual, com exceção da proteína e do cálcio biliares, que tiveram níveis mais elevados no grupo de pólipo. O perfil dos elementos séricos e biliares foi semelhante nos dois grupos, exceto a proteína biliar e os triglicérides, que apresentaram diferença.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: CAD/CAM technology allows fabrication of thin lithium disilicate (LD) veneers to a LD crown substructure in place of using traditional feldspathic porcelain (FP) which has inferior mechanical properties. This project investigated the effect of different LD veneer applications to LD substructure on the biaxial flexural fatigue of LD veneer/substructure restorations. Materials/Methods: Forty-five LD discs (Ø = 120.7 mm) were fabricated that, when combined with the veneering discs, achieve final dimensions of (Ø = 121.2mm). Experimental groups were (n = 15) as follows: (1) Resin Bonded LD Veneer (RBLDV), LD veneer (Ø = 120.5 mm) adhesively cemented to LD (0.7 mm); (2) Sintered LD Veneer (SLDV), LD veneer (Ø=120.5 mm) sintered to LD (0.7 mm); (3) Sintered Feldspathic Veneer (SFV), feldspathic porcelain (FP) applied to LD discs to achieve a final dimension of (Ø = 121.2 mm). A fourth group of (1.2 mm) monolithic LD served as the control. Weibull-distribution survival analysis was used to compare the differences of the resistance to fracture after fatigue between groups. Total number of cycles were analyzed using one-way Anova (p < 0.05). Hypothesis: Adhering or sintering a thin laminate layer of LD on another LD surface would result in increased fracture resistance in comparison to sintered FP on LD. Results: The SFV group had significantly lower fatigue resistance than SLDV and RBLDV groups (p < 0.05). The RBLDV group fractures resulted in significantly more fractured fragments in comparison to the other groups. No statistical difference was observed in the number of cycles. The results also showed that the LD veneered groups presented similar resistance to fatigue as monolithic discs of the same overall dimensions. Conclusion: The hypothesis was accepted suggesting that veneering a LD substructure with a LD veneer, bonded or sintered, has increased resistance to fatigue as FP veneering material on a LD substructure. In addition, it was observed to have similar resistance to fatigue in comparison to the monolithic LD group.