This paper investigates, through an actor-network theory perspective, how the recreation area Lövsta-Kyrkhamn-Riddersvik northwest of Stockholm has developed from being a dumping site into becoming a nature reserve. This investigation also tries to describe and explain which values that have been promoted in the area by the local voluntary associations and companies. Lövsta-Kyrkhamn-Riddersvik has been inhabited for more than 3000 years, originally with farming as the most important business. The area served as Stockholm’s waste disposal site from the late 1890’s and has today become an important area for recreational use. The actor- network theory perspective is used to identify different actors, both human and non-human, that has worked for the protection of the area and thus gained power over the decision-making.

Political participation is a vital part of modern democracies which can be described as a way to convey the interests and the preferences of citizens and exert pressure on the government to align with the will of the citizens. For this sake it could be considered a democracy problem that citizens participate to varying extents, where people living in disadvantaged areas participate to a lesser extent compared to people in areas with a higher degree of resources. This study sets out to investigate the reasons behind this reality, using the components of the Civic Voluntarism Model as explanatory factors behind political participation within areas of different resource levels and comparing the finding between the areas to see which factors matter the most depending on the area. The research questions used are (1) Which effect do resources, motivation and recruiting network have on political participation in disadvantaged areas, and (2) Do the effects differ between disadvantaged areas and other areas? The questions will be answered using logistic regression on a data set from the 2021 SOM-survey in Gothenburg. The results show that the Civic Voluntarism Model has a higher degree of explanation in disadvantaged areas and that the factor showing the strongest degree of explanation is being a member of a local association, especially in disadvantaged areas. Some of the results are however contradictory to previous research, which gives rise to a discussion whether quantitative methods are appropriate for understanding participation – and the lack thereof – or if this needs to be further examined using qualitative methods. Keywords:

På grund av antropogena utsläpp av växthusgaser sker stora förändringar i klimatet. Dessa kan leda till förödande konsekvenser för både människor, djur och natur. För att olika företag och verksamheter ska kunna mäta, hantera och eventuellt reducera sina växthusgasutsläpp används Greenhouse Gas Protocol som standard för växthusgasrapportering. Röda Korset Sverige har påbörjat ett klimatbokslut enligt Greenhouse Gas Protocol men inte inkluderat sina cirka 600 lokalföreningar runt om i landet. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att identifiera och kategorisera vilka aktiviteter Röda Korsets lokalföreningar bedriver som är av relevans i en växthusgasrapportering. Detta sker enligt Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 3, som är uppdelat i 15 olika kategorier och innefattar de indirekta växthusgasutsläppen genererade av den rapporterande verksamheten. Arbetet ämnar även leda till en enkät med generella frågor som ska kunna ställas till olika lokalföreningar för att mäta deras utsläpp av växthusgaser.  För att besvara syftet studerades inledningsvis Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Vidare genomfördes ett studiebesök inkluderat en intervju med ansvarig vid Röda Korsets lokalförening i Örebro samt en intervju med ansvarig vid Röda Korsets lokalförening i Piteå. Informationen om lokalföreningarnas aktiviteter som anskaffades kategoriserades sedan enligt kategorierna som Scope 3 innefattar, vilket sammanställdes i en tabell. En enkät utformades baserat på de kategoriserade aktiviteterna.  Resultatet visar att lokalföreningen i Örebro bedriver aktiviteter som platsar i Scope 3 kategorierna 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 och 11, medan lokalföreningen i Piteå bedriver aktiviteter som platsar i kategorierna 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 och 9. Frågeenkäten som skapades innehåller frågor baserade på de aktiviteter som platsade i någon av kategorierna som ingår i Scope 3, det innebär alltså att aktiviteter som inte tagits i beaktande i samband med kategoriseringen inte heller behandlats i frågeenkäten. Slutsatsen är att det saknas mycket information för att göra en fullständig Scope 3 rapportering. Förbättringar som behövs göras är bland annat att kartlägga verksamheterna mer noggrant. Det borde också undersökas huruvida lokalföreningarna bör ingå i Scope 1 och 2 som innefattar de direkta växthusgasutsläppen, i stället för Scope 3. / Due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, major changes are taking place in the climate. These can lead to devastating consequences for both humans, animals, and nature. For various companies and businesses to be able to measure, manage and possibly reduce their greenhouse gasemissions, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol is used as a standard for greenhouse gas reporting. The Red Cross Sweden has started a greenhouse gas accounting according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol but has not included its approximately 600 local associations around the country. The purpose of this report is to identify and categorize which activities the Red Cross local associations carry out that are relevant in a greenhouse gas accounting. This was done according to the Greenhouse Gas protocol, Scope 3 which is divided into 15 different categories that includes indirect greenhouse gasemissions generated by the reporting companies. The report also intends to lead to a questionnaire with general questions that can be asked to local associations to measure their greenhouse gasemissions.  To answer the purpose of the report, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol was initially studied. Furthermore, a study visit including an interview at the Red Cross Örebro was done and an interview with the Red Cross Piteå. Information about the local associations' activities that were acquired was then categorized according to the categories included in Scope 3, which were summarized in a table. The questionnaire was then designed based on the categorized activities.  The results show that the activities of the Red Cross Örebro fit in categories 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 11, while the activities of Red Cross Piteå fit in categories 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. The questionnaire that was created contains questions based on the activities that were placed in at least one of the categories included in Scope 3, which means that activities not taken in account during the categorization were not included in the questionnaire. However, it can be stated that there is a lack of information in order to make a complete greenhouse gas accounting. Further improvements that need to be made are to map the activities more accurately. It should also be examined whether the local associations should be included in Scope 1 and 2, instead of Scope 3.

This thesis is focused on one of the biggest realized development areas in the Czech republic -- Holešov Strategic Industrial Zone and tries to find a solution of the current unfavourable situation in the zone which is defined by localization of only one investor. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the industrial zones in general and also to the role they play in the economic development of a region. It contains a brief characteristics of the Holešov Strategic Industrial Zone, Zlín region and Kroměříž microregion where the zone is situated. An analysis of a region related the Holešov Strategic Industrial Zone is not omitted from this part of the thesis. In the second part of the thesis the current situation in the Holešov Strategic Industrial Zone is analyzed and the analysis is focused mainly on the topics that create conflicts between the management of the zone and the interest associations. These conflicts belong among the causes of the current minimal filling of the zone by the investors. The last part of the thesis describes and analyses the possible ways how to solve the conflict situation between the management of the zone and the interest associations and thus accomplishes the objective of the thesis. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of solving the current conflict situation related to the Holešov Strategic Industrial Zone.